INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL LAB-434 SEMESTER 4

Transcription

1 INDUSTRIAL ELECTRICAL LAB-434 SEMESTER 4

2 1.ELECTRICAL IRON BOX

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4 AIM: To study and service the parts of electric iron box TOOLS REQUIRED: SI NO INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATION QTY SCREW DRIVER COMPINATION PLAIR NOSE PLAIR WIRE STRIPPER LINE TEATER ETC 0-5A 0-250V 0-250V,5A 115/220V,1KVA 125V,10A,LPF 1 NO 2 NO 1 NO 1 NO 1 NO THEORY: An electric iron is heating a device in which the heat is concentrated on a smooth, flat, bottom surface which is applied to the fabrics to be ironed. This flat bottom surface is called the sole plate, The sole plate is heated by an element made resistance wire or ribbon (nicrome),placed in or the sole plate thus the iron converts electricity in to heat the sole plate, where it can be utilized to iron cloths PROCEDURE: 1. Collect the materials. 2. Dismantle the iron box using screw driver and plier 3. Identify the parts of the equipments. 4. Study all parts and working of iron box. 5. Give the supply and check the working contition. RESULT:- 2 DOL STARTER

5 AIM:- To study about DOL starter and assemble it TOOLS REQUIRED:- Combination plier Screw driver Spanner Etc THEORY:- The main heart of DOL starter is a relay coil. start and stop push buttons are another parts. the no volt coil is another important part. When we push start button the NVC energize and the plunger attract and get the supply to the motor. When we push the stop button the NVC de energized and the motor stop because the plunger removed from the NVC.If over current occur the relay contact open and the NVC de energized and motor stop. PROCEDUE:- 1. Collect the contact ring and contact ring. 2. starter push button nesecerily and fixing the cable ICTP and starter based on power. 3. mount the starter vertically on the wall. 4. connect the supply to the incoming terminals through ICTP. 5. connect the outgoing terminals to the motor. 6. give the full load current and check the working of over current relay.

6 7. provide aback up fuse according to H P of motor. 8. switch on the supply start the motor using starter. RESULT:- 3 STAR DELTA STARTER AIM:- To study about STAR DELTA starter and assemble it TOOLS REQUIRED:- Combination plier Screw driver Spanner Etc THEORY:- This starter used up to 16HP motors.it is used for redused voltage starter. The starter parts are relay push botton and NVC. When the supply on the motor will not start then the liver change to star position the motor startat low voltage uo to 80% of speed the liver change to delta and the motor wopk at full voltage.if over voltage occure the thermal relay work and the motor stop automatically. PROCEDUE:-

7 1. Collect the contact ring and contact ring. 2. starter push button nesecerily and fixing the cable ICTP and starter based on power. 3. mount the starter vertically on the wall. 4. connect the supply to the incoming terminals through ICTP. 5. connect the outgoing terminals to the motor as per connection. 6. give the full load current and check the working of over current relay. 7. provide aback up fuse according to H P of motor. 8. switch on the supply start the motor using starter. RESULT:-

8 4 PANNEL BOARD AIM:-To study about 3 phase panel board. METALIC BODY:- It is the main part of panel board.it is made of thick steel sheet protect using paint. BUS BAR:- It is athick copper strip for connecting main supply from the incomer and distribute the supply to defferent subcircuits. INCOMER:- It is controlled switch connect supply to the main line includes chage over switch. SUBCIRCUIT:- This is the braches of circuitsto defferent switch. MCB:- It means miniature circuit breaker used for controlling the out out put load. CABLE CHAMBER:- It is the space used forkeepingg the balance cable. METERS:- It includes ammeter, volt meter, frequency meter. CT AND PT:- C T is used for measuring large current and itnis displayed by ammeter.pt is used for measuring large voltage

9 ELCB:- ELCB isused for protect the load from leakage to earth. SELECTER SWITCH:- It is a rotor type switch used for connecting the load to defferent phases for load balance. Panel board are used for industrial wiring purpose with 3 phase supply in domestic purpose we are using distribution board and ELCB. RESULT:-

10 5 PIPE EARTHING AIM To study about the pipe earthing and also conduct the ggiven type of earthing MATERIAL REQUIRED 38mm GI pipe,19mm GI Pipe,and 12.7mmGI Pipe,salt,charcoal,Cast iron cover,copper wire,copper or GI nut,bolt and washer,funnel.n TOOLS REQUIRED Screw driver,compination plier,spanner,drillor etc.. AIM OF EARTHING 1. Safety of human life:-if any leakage of electrical current if occurs a series shock to the human body.the proper earthing of the system save the human body from the shock

11 2. Voltage stebilisation:-to get stable voltage the neutral point of the transformer or alternator is always earthed 3. Safety from atmospheric electricity:-the proper earthing also protect the system the atmospheric electricity like earthening. PIPE EARTHING In this type of earthing we are used 38mm GI Pipe with 2m length.this GI pipe is buried in a 4.75m deep pit.the pipe should have sufficient 12mm diameter holes at its surface.now the pit is filled with alternate layer of charcoal salt and sand upto a distance 15cm around the pipe. A GI pipe of 19mm diameter is filled above the 2m pipe. The earthing lead of 12.7mm GI pipe is clamped near the top of the thin pipe.a GI or Cu strip of large cross section area may be used as earth lead for earthing the high power machines a funnel is placed at the top of the thin pipe. It is used to pouring the water the earh wire resistance should be more than 1ohm in case of copper earthing and 3ohm in the case of GI earthing as per IE rules SPECIFICATION REGARDING EARTHING(ISI) 1. The earth bid should be installed at least 1.5m away from the building. 2. The earth wire,nut,bolt and washer should be of the same metel as that of the earth electrode. 3. The minimum cross section area of the earth wire should be less than 13MM 2 (7SWG) 4. The size of the earth conductor as a general rule should not be less than half of the cross section of a line conductor 5. Charcoal and salt mixture should be filled around the earth electrode for effective earthing.the earth electrode should be placed in vertical position inside the earth or pit.

12 6 PCB FABRICATION AIM To study the printed circuit board fabrication technic Materials Required Copper clad sheet,paint or nail polish,drilling machine and ferric chloride solution THEORY PCB is used for soldering electronic components to form compact and rugged electronic ckts.a General purpose PCB is made of 2mm thick insulation board. with a copper clad on one side. thickness of the copper clad is 30 to 40mm Method The following steps are involved in making a PCB 1. Preparation of the layout of the track 2. Transferring the layout of the track 3. Etching to remove the copper from the copper clad where ever it is not required 4. Drilling holes for component mounting Preparing layout The track layout of the electronic circuit must be drawn on a white paper. the layout should be made in such away that the path are in easy roots this enables the PCB to be more compact and economical. Transferring the layout to copper The layout made on the white paper should be redrawn on the copper clad using paint or nail polish. Etching Ferric chloride solution is the popularly used etching solution the ferric chloride powder is made into a solution using water and kept in a plastic tray. Marked copper clad is immersed in this solution for 2hours. Due to the reaction solution will become weak and it is not recommended for another etching process.the copper in the un marked area will be etched out take out the etched sheet from the tray and dry it in sun light for an hour. Later remove the print or nail warmish using turpentine. Drilling The holes are made by a drilling machine for the component insertion

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14 7. MIXER AIM:- To study and service a mixer. TOOLS REQUIRED: Series test board, combination plier, screw driver, etc. PROCEDURE: -Collect the required mixer -Dismantle the mixer using given tools -check the wiring connection. -check the brush assembly. -check the continuity. -noted the connection of brushes and washer. -note the over load relay performance. -after servicing assemble the mixer. -finish the work neatly. RESULT:

15 8 SOLDERING PRACTICE Aim:- To practice soldering and desoldering. Materials and tools required:- Soldering iron, solder, flux, desoldering pump, knife or blade, general purpose PCB and nose-pliers Theory:- Soldering is the process of joining two or more metals using an alloy metal having low melting point to establish electrical connection. Hand soldering and machine soldering are the two types of soldering methods. Solder: solder is used for joining two or more metals at temperatures below their melting point. The popularly used solders are the alloys of tin (63%) and lead (47%) that melts at 180 C (361 F) and solidifies when it cools. Melting points of tin (Sb) and lead (Pb) are 232 C and 327 C respectively. When the tin and lead are mixed in 63:47 ratio, it becomes molten at 183 C. This is called eutectic point. Soldering fluxes: In order to make the surfaces accept the solder readily, the component terminals should be free from oxides and other obstructing films. Soldering flux cleans the oxides from the surface of the metal. The leads should be cleaned chemically or by scraping using a blade or knife. Small amount of solder should be coated on the cleaned portion of the component leads and the bit of the soldering iron. This process is called tinning. Zinc chloride, ammonium chloride and Rosin are the most commonly used fluxes. These are available in petroleum jelly as past flux. The residues which remain after the soldering may be washed out with Isopropyl alcohol or Acetone. Soldering tools:- Soldering iron: It is the tool used to melt the solder and apply at the joints in the circuit. It operates in 230V mains supply. The normal power ratings of the soldering iron are 10W, 25W, 35W, 65W. 10W and 25W soldering irons are sufficient for light duty works. The iron bit at the tip of it gets heated up within a few minutes. Tips of the bits are either pointed of tapered. Pointed bits are useful for soldering very accurate and small circuits. It needs very little amount of solder. In the laboratory tapered bits are usually used. Soldering iron stand: It is used to place the soldering iron safely when it is not in use. Desoldering pump: It is a vacuum pump used to remove the solder when melted by the soldering iron while desoldering the connections. When the solder melts, a trigger on the desolder pump should be activated to create a vacuum. This vacuum pulls the solder into the tube. Rules of soldering

16 1. Clean the component leads using a blade. Apply a little flux on the leads. Take a little solder on soldering iron and apply the molten solder on the leads. This process is called Tinning. 2. Clean the tip of the soldering iron. Keep the bit always clean from oxide formation while soldering. 3. Do not overheat the PCB and devices. Soldering must be done in minimum time to avoid drysoldering and heating up of the components. 4. Do not use excess solder or flux. Procedure : Make a lay out of the connection of the components in the circuit Plug in the chord of soldering iron into the mains supply to get it heated. Tin the leads and bend them according to the need. Mount the components on the PCB. Apply flux on the joints and solder the joints. Wash the residue using Acetone and brush. Practice desoldering a soldered circuit, using soldering iron and desoldering pump.