DEPARTMENT OF RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY CLASS HOURS AND CREDITS: 6 LABORATORY HOURS, 1 LECTURE HOUR PER WEEK; 3 CREDITS

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1 NEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK DEPARTMENT: DEPARTMENT OF RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY COURSE CODE: RESD 2314/DL 314 COURSE TITLE: DENTAL CERAMICS CLASS HOURS AND CREDITS: 6 LABORATORY HOURS, 1 LECTURE HOUR PER WEEK; 3 CREDITS NUMBER OF WEEKS: CURRICULUM LEVEL: 15 WEEKS 3RD SEMESTER PREREQUISITES: RESD 1110/DL 110, 1115/115, 1212/212, 1214/214 COURSE DESCRIPTION: An introduction to the theory and practice of fabricating fixed porcelain prosthesis. Included is the design and construction of individual metal copings and the design and construction of multiple unit frameworks, investing, casting and soldering of non-precious metals, application and firing of opaques, contouring and firing of porcelains, glazing and staining of individual and multiple unit bridges, crowns and jackets. A brief introduction to new technologies in ceramics eg, Milling Zirconia all porcelain. A discussion on infection control as it relates to ceramic restoration procedures as well as post soldering techniques. TEXT BOOKS: Dental laboratory technology: fixed and special prosthodontics. (2005). Air Force Pamphlet ,Vol. 2. Introduction to Metal Ceramic Technology Patrick Naylor, DDS, MPH, MS Updated 8/17 Basic Technique for Metal Ceramics Makoto Yamamoto 1

2 REFERENCES: Dental Technology Reference for Fixed Restorations, J.F. Jelenko & Co Color in the Human Dentition, Robert Waltke, J.F. Jelenko Co., 1985 Science and Technology of the Cast Restoration, Hollenback, C.V. Mosby Co. Dental Technology - Theory and Practice, R. Blakeslee, C.V. Mosby Co. AUDIO/VISUAL TECHNICAL TAPES: Investing, Casting, Metal Finishing, Pre & Post Soldering. Talladium, (VIDEOCASSETTE 463) Porcelain Veneers. Practical Clinical Courses, (VIDEOCASSETTE 378) Wax-Up Talladium, 1987 (VIDEOCASSETTE 642) Porcelain Building: Five Surface Domain-Range Build-Up System. Talladium, (VIDEOCASSETTE 644) Porcelain Finishing: Staining, Glazing, Corrections & Polishing. Talladium, (VIDEOCASSETTE 645) Dental Laboratory Technology - Fixed Restorative Techniques, John Sowter, D.D.S. University of North Carolina, COURSE REQUIREMENTS: Standard college and department attendance and grade regulations. Conformity to safety regulation. Uniform laboratory gowns. Dental instruments and supplies. OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT: Laboratory: Laboratory Projects 60% Lecture: Quizzes 10 % A % Midterm 15% A % B % Final Exam 15% B % B % C % D % C % F 59% and below 2

3 CONTACT INFORMATION: Office P-409 Phone (718) Fax (718) Prof. Alter: Prof. Araneo: Prof. Nuzzolo: Prof. Reda-Szywala: COORDINATOR: Office hours: Revised August 2015, Daniel Alter, MSc, C.D.T., M.D.T. Phone: (718) Tuesday 11:00-1:00pm or by appointment ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: New York City College of Technology Policy on Academic Integrity. Students and all others who work with information, ideas, texts, images, music, inventions, and other intellectual property owe their audience and sources accuracy and honesty in using, crediting, and citing sources. As a community of intellectual and professional workers, the College recognizes its responsibility for providing instruction in information literacy and academic integrity, offering models of good practice, and responding vigilantly and appropriately to infractions of academic integrity. Accordingly, academic dishonesty is prohibited in The City University of New York and at New York City College of Technology and is punishable by penalties, including failing grades, suspension, and expulsion. The complete text of the College policy on Academic Integrity may be found in the catalog. Academic dishonesty is prohibited in the City University of New York and is punishable by penalties, including failing grades, suspension and expulsion. Cheating is the unauthorized use or attempted use of material, information, notes, study aids, devices or communication during an academic exercise. Copying from another student during an examination or allowing another to copy your work. 3

4 Cheating will not be tolerated during quizzes or exams, communication with anyone other than the instructor will be considered cheating. If you have a question during an examination quietly raise your hand and the instructor will come to your desk. There may be more than one version of an examination; the questions of the examinations will be the same but in different order. Students are responsible for completing their own laboratory projects, allowing others to complete your laboratory project is not permitted. Each student should clearly identify all work. QUIZZES AND EXAMINATIONS: Students are responsible for knowing all material covered in reading assignments, handouts, lecture and laboratory. Students are responsible for knowing information from reading assignments regardless of whether it has been covered during class sessions or not. There will be two examinations that will account for the majority of the lecture score (midterm and final). There will be one major quiz that will be scheduled for one lecture session. 4

5 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOR RESD 2314: Upon successful completion of the course each student should be able to: 1. Pour a pindex model. Cut, trim and mark dies. 2. Design and construct individual metal copings 3. Design and construct multiple unit ceramic frameworks 4. Describe the physical properties of precious and non-precious alloys 5. Apply and fire opaques and porcelain 6. List the physical and thermal properties of porcelain 7. Contour, shape, stain and glaze multiple and individual unit crowns and bridges 8. Describe the factors that must be taken into consideration for porcelain support when designing different bridges 9. Fabricate a fixed ceramic restoration with a porcelain butt joint\margin in accordance to a given prescription 10. Describe the principles and methods of preventing disease transmission and cross contamination during the fabrication of ceramic restorations General Education Student Learning Outcomes: 1. Recognize esthetic values in the dental enviornment 2. Learn appropriate properties associated with dental ceramics 3. Converse using discipline specific vocabulary accurately. 4. Read and interpret professional scholarly journals Assessment: The Professor will evaluate the students achievement of the learning outcome by: 1. Giving multiple choice exams periodically throughout the semester. 2. Evaluate practical exams with emphasis on the student s ability to communicate. 3. Evaluate comprehension through manual dexterity projects in the Laboratory. 4. Evaluate lab work utilizing rubrics. 5

6 RESD DENTAL CERAMICS EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR FABRICATING CERAMIC RESTORATIONS TOTAL MODEL AND DIE FABRICATION: (10 PTS.) Pouring cast: 2.5 pts (bubble free 1, not broken 1.5) Pinning dies: 2.5 pts (properly drilled 1, Parallel Dies 1, not broken.5) Trimming dies: 2.5 pts (trimmed properly 1, marked 1,5) Articulation: 2.5 pts ( Properly interdigitate 1.5, articulated 1) INDIVIDUAL AND MULTIPLE UNIT WAX-UP AND CASTING: (15 PTS.) Wax-up: 5 pts Spruing: 2 pts (proper location 2) Casting: 1 pt (fully casted) Metal finishing: 5 pts (smooth 1, contour 2, fit to die 1, thickness 1) Soldering: 2 pts (connected 1, solid connection 1) APPLICATION AND FIRING OF PORCELAIN: Building up porcelain, shaping of build-up and opaquing ( opaquing 5, opacious 5, dentin5, incisal 5) (20 PTS.) CONTOURING, SHAPING, STAINING AND FINISHING: (10 PTS.) Grinding contacts and anatomy: 5 pts( contacts 2, occlusion 2, carving 1) Applying glaze and stain: 3 pts (stain 1, glaze 2) Polishing metal: 2 pt (no scratches 1, high shine 1) CLEANLINESS OF WORK AREA: ( 5 PTS.) TOTAL 60% CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION - LECTURE SESSION QUIZ 10% MIDTERM 15% FINAL 15% 40% TOTAL 100% FINAL GRADE WILL BE COMPUTED ON THE BASIS OF 60% LABORATORY GRADE AND 40% OF EXAMINATION GRADES. EACH INDIVIDUAL'S PERFORMANCE WILL BE ASSIGNED A CONVENTIONAL LETTER GRADE. ALTHOUGH THE STUDENT MUST ACHIEVE A MINIMUM PASSING GRADE OF 70% IN THEORY AS WELL AS LAB. 6

7 Topic Reading POURING OF IMPRESSIONS, AFP Vol II p14, /28 8/30 PINNING, ARTICULATING AND CAST PREPARATION AFP Vol I p39-47 WAXING OF COPINGS, AFP Vol II p /11 9/6 SPRUING AND INVESTING Naylor p CASTING, RECOVERY AND AFP Vol II p105, /18 9/13 FINISHING,PRESOLDER Naylor p33-58 Quiz 9/25 9/27 METAL PREPARATION AND OPAQUING WITH BUTT JOINT PORCELAIN MARGIN AFP Vol II p Naylor p , Yamamoto p /2 10/4 PORCELAIN BUILD-UP AND FIRING AFP Vol II Naylor p , Yamamoto p /16 10/11 Midterm 10/23 10/18 CONTOURING, STAINING AND AFP Vol II /30 10/25 GLAZING Naylor p INTRODUCTION TO MULTIPLE AFP Vol II p /6 11/1 UNIT WAXING BRIDGE DESIGN Naylor p61-80, /13 11/8 MULTIPLE UNIT SPRUING AFP Vol II p /20 11/15 Naylor p FRAMEWORK PREPARATION, PORCELAIN APPLICATION AND FIRING AFP Vol II p Naylor p61-80, Yamamoto p /27 11/22 FINISHING, GLAZING, POST SOLDERING AND POLISHING AFP Vol II p Naylor p Yamamoto p /4 11/29 FINISHING, GLAZING, POST AFP Vol II p /11 12/6 SOLDERING AND POLISHING Final Exam 12/18 12/13 7

8 NEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES DENTAL CERAMICS - RESD LECTURE I. POURING MODELS, PINNING, ARTICULATION AND CAST PREPARATION - ONE LECTURE HOUR A. CONDITIONS: Given a lecture and discussion, using slides, visual aids, and reading assignments on the clinical and and laboratory procedures for pouring, pinning, articulating and preparing dies for waxing B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to: 1. Differentiate between the different methods of constructing a coping 2. Describe under what conditions each method should be used 3. Name the various materials used for spruing 4. Describe proper application of the sprues 5. List the steps for the procedures for the investments Discussed C. EXTENT & CRITERIA: With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one lecture hour. II. WAXING OF COPINGS, SPRUING AND INVESTING - ONE LECTURE HOUR A. CONDITION: Given a lecture and discussion using slides, visual aids, and reading assignments on the four methods of constructing a coping, types of spruing materials, various types of investment and methods of investing substructure designs and considerations, proper wax contouring considerations. B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to: 1. Differentiate between the different methods of constructing a coping 8

9 discussed. 2. Describe under what conditions each method should be used 3. Name the various materials used for spruing 4. Describe proper application of the sprues 5. List the steps for the procedures for the investments C. EXTENT & CRITERIA: With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one lecture hour. III. CASTING, RECOVERY AND FINISHING - ONE LECTURE HOUR A. CONDITION: Given a lecture and discussion using slides, visual aids and reading assignments on the methods of casting, recovery finishing and soldering procedures B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to: 1. List and describe all procedures for casting 2. Describe the various situations when oven burnout temperatures may differ 3. Describe the problems that may arise during casting 4. Describe various soldering techniques. C. EXTENT & CRITERIA: With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one lecture hour. * QUIZ IV. METAL PREPARATION AND OPAQUING - ONE LECTURE HOUR A. CONDITION: Given a lecture and discussion using slides, visual aids and reading assignments on metal conditioning, opaque application and firing of precious and non-precious alloy B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to: 1. Describe the precious and non-precious conditioners 2. Describe the effects of conditioners on: a. physical properties of alloys b. bonding strength of porcelains and opaques 3. Describe opaque application techniques and the 9

10 firing cycle of opaques C. EXTENT & CRITERIA: With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one lecture hour. V. PORCELAIN BUILD-UP AND FIRING - ONE LECTURE HOUR A. CONDITION: Given a lecture and discussion using slides, visual aids and reading assignments on porcelain application, condensing, physical properties, oven temperatures, firing cycles and thermal properties of porcelain B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to: 1. Describe the step in building and condensing porcelain 2. List the physical properties of porcelain 3. List the thermal properties of porcelain 4. Describe the procedures for using the porcelain C. EXTENT & CRITERIA: With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one lecture hour. VI. MIDTERM - ONE LECTURE HOUR VII. CONTOURING, STAINING AND GLAZING - ONE LECTURE HOUR A. CONDITION: Given a lecture and discussion using slide, visual aids, and reading assignments on color blending, contouring, techniques of applying stains and glazes B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to: 1. Describe the methods of using the color blending chart 2. Describe the techniques of applying stains to crowns 3. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of internal and external stains 4. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of natural and super glazing techniques C. EXTENT & CRITERIA: With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one lecture hour. 10

11 VIII. INTRODUCTION TO MULTIPLE UNIT WAXING - ONE LECTURE HOUR A. CONDITION: Given a lecture and discussion using slides, visual aids and reading assignments on coping and pontic design, occlusion, and porcelain support B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to: 1. Give the reason for the use of different designs of copings and pontics in multiple unit castings 2. Compare the designs of different frameworks and their effects on occlusion 3. Describe the factor that must be taken into consideration for support design of bridges C. EXTENT & CRITERIA: With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one lecture hour. IX. BRIDGE DESIGN - ONE LECTURE HOUR A. CONDITION: Given a lecture and discussion using slides, visual aids and reading assignments on bridge design, coping and pontic design and porcelain support structures B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to: 1. Compare the different designs of bridges and their application to each particular case 2. Describe the factors that must be taken into consideration for porcelain support when designing different bridges C. EXTENT & CRITERIA: With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one lecture hour. X. MULTIPLE UNIT SPRUING, FINISHING AND PRESOLDERING - TWO LECTURE HOURS A. CONDITION: Given a lecture and discussion using slides, 11

12 visual aids and reading assignments on techniques of using runner bar sprues and auxiliary sprues for multiunit casting and using slides, visual aids and reading assignments on finishing techniques of metal frameworks and investing frameworks for presoldering procedures B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to: 1. List the different size sprues used in runner bar spruing 2. Describe the significance of runner bar spruing 3. List the reasons for using auxiliary sprues 4. List procedures for finishing multi-unit frameworks 5. Describe the procedure for investing a multi-unit bridge for presoldering 6. Describe the procedure for soldering a multi-unit soldering a multi-unit bridge 7. List the precautions that must be taken when soldering two parent metals to insure a strong connection C. EXTENT & CRITERIA: With at least 70% accuracy at the end of two lecture hours. IX. FRAMEWORK PREPARATION, PORCELAIN APPLICATION AND FIRING - ONE LECTURE HOUR A. CONDITION: Given a lecture and discussion using slides, visual aids and reading assignments on framework preparation with conditioners and opaques, porcelain application, condensing and firing B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to: 1. List the steps for applying conditioners and opaques to frameworks C. EXTENT & CRITERIA: With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one lecture hour. 12

13 XII. FINISHING, GLAZING, AND POSTSOLDERING - TWO LECTURE HOUR A. CONDITION: Given a lecture and discussion using slides, visual aids and reading assignments on porcelain finishing, glaze application, and firing, investing for post-soldering and post-soldering using the porcelain oven B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to: 1. List and describe the procedures for finishing and glazing a multi-unit porcelain bridge 2. Describe the procedures for investing a glazed bridge for postsoldering 3. List all steps for postsoldering a bridge using the porcelain oven 4. List the advantages and disadvantages of postsoldering C. EXTENT & CRITERIA: With at least 70% accuracy at the end of two lecture hours. XIII. FINAL EXAMINATION - ONE LECTURE HOUR 13

14 NEW YORK CITY COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK I. POURING MODELS, PINNING, ARTICULATION AND CAST PREPARATION - THREE LABORATORY SESSIONS A. CONDITION: Given a demonstration and reading assignments of model pouring, pinning, articulating and dies preparation of maxilla and mandibular casts and using the following equipment and supplies: 1. maxillary and mandibular impression 2. plaster bowl and spatula 3. plaster and stone 4. vibrator 5. semi-adjustable articulator 6. dowel pins and glue 7. accudrill 8. die saw 9. handpiece 10. trimming stones B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to pour and pin and maxilla and mandibular model 1. The models should be articulated 2. Eight models should be cut and trimmed in preparation for coping and bridge construction With at least 70% accuracy at the end of three sessions. II. WAXING OF COPINGS, SPRUING AND INVESTING - TWO LABORATORY SESSIONS A. CONDITION: Given a demonstration and reading assignments on coping, waxing techniques, spruing, and investing procedures for two maxillary crowns and using the following equipment and supplies: 14

15 1. bunsen burner 2. wax spatula and carver 3. inlay wax and die separator 4. coping machine 5. prepared casts 6. plastic sprues 7. casting ring and former 8. high heat investment 9. vacuum investor 10. wax pattern cleaner 11. vibrator 12. Magnification B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to wax two acceptable copings 1. The copings should be sprued 2. The sprued copings should be invested using demonstrated techniques in preparation for casting III. CASTING - ONE LABORATORY SESSION With at least 70% accuracy at the end of two sessions. A. CONDITION: Given a demonstration and reading assignments on setting temperature and operating a burnout furnace, proper use of the casting torch and correct procedure for melting of metal alloys and using the following equipment and supplies: 1. invested copings 2. burnout furnace 3. casting machine 4. casting torch 5. casting tongs 6. casting alloy B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to cast copings 15

16 1. The casting ring should be burned out at the proper temperature 2. The alloy should be properly melted 3. The copings should be casted With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one session. IX. RECOVERY, FINISHING AND SOLDERING - ONE LABORATORY SESSION A. CONDITION: Given a demonstration and reading assignments on coping recovery, sandblasting, finishing, fitting crowns and soldering to master dies and using the following equipment and supplies: 1. cast copings 2. investment ejector 3. sandblaster 4. handpieces 5. cut-off discs 6. assorted stones and wheels 7. master models and dies 8. solder, investment and torch 9. Magnification B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to recover, finish and solder castings C. EXTENT & CRITERIA: The following points will be evaluated 1. The casting should be recovered and cleaned 2. The copings should fit the master dies 3. The copings should be correctly finished and soldered With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one session. 16

17 V. METAL PREPARATION AND OPAQUING - ONE LABORATORY SESSION A. CONDITION: Given a demonstration and reading assignments of metal conditioner, opaques, butt joint porcelain margins and firing procedures and using the following equipment and supplies: 1. finished crowns on dies 2. metal conditioners 3. opaque porcelains 4. porcelain furnace 5. firing tray 6. #1 and #8 sable brush 7. mixing slab and spatula 8. hemostsat B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to condition, opaque, and fire crowns 1. The conditioner should be applied and fired 2. The opaque porcelain should be applied and condensed 3. The opaque should be fired to maturity With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one session. VI. PORCELAIN BUILD-UP AND FIRING - FOUR LABORATORY SESSIONS A. CONDITIONS: Given a demonstration and reading assignments on procedures for mixing, applying and condensing body and incisal porcelains onto copings in the anatomical form of a tooth and firing crowns in a porcelain furnace to bisque state using the following equipment and supplies: 17

18 1. opaque copings 2. gingival and incisal porcelain 3. mixing slab and spatula 4. firing tray 5. #1 and #8 sable brushes 6. reeves carver 7. hemostat 8. porcelain furnace B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to build porcelain on copings 1. The porcelain should be condensed and shaped into anatomical tooth form 2. The porcelain should be fired to the bisque stage With at least 70% accuracy at the end of four sessions. VII. CONTOURING, STAINING, POST SOLDERING AND GLAZING - TWO LABORATORY SESSIONS A. CONDITIONS: Given a demonstration and reading assignments on grinding and contouring of porcelain, crowns, stain, glaze application, post soldering and firing to completion, with emphasis on color blending, correct anatomical form and using the following equipment and supplies: 1. bisque baked crowns 2. handpiece 3. assorted stones and wheels 4. ultrasonic cleaner 5. hemostat 6. porcelain stain kit 7. porcelain glaze kit 8. firing tray 9. porcelain furnace 10. metal polishing compounds 11. post solder 18

19 B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to grind, contour, stain and glaze crowns 1. The stain and glaze should be applied properly 2. The crowns should be color blended and fired to completion With at least 70% accuracy at the end of two sessions. VIII. INTRODUCTION TO MULTIPLE UNIT WAXING - TWO LABORATORY SESSIONS A. CONDITIONS: Given a demonstration and reading assignments on waxing multiple unit ceramic frameworks with pontics, to receive porcelain veneers and using the following equipment and supplies: 1. master casts and die articulated 2. bunsen burner 3. wax spatula and carver 4. inlay wax 5. die separator 6. coping machine B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to wax a multiple unit ceramic framework. C. EXTENT&CRITERIA: The following points will be evaluated 1. The copings should have marginal fit 2. Interproximal connections should be strong and properly placed 3. There should be sufficient clearance for porcelain 4. There should be proper design contours for optimal porcelain support With at least 70% accuracy at the end of two sessions. 19

20 IX. BRIDGE DESIGN - TWO LABORATORY SESSIONS A. CONDITIONS: Given a demonstration and reading assignments on bridge design, coping design, pontic design and porcelain support and using the following equipment and supplies: 1. master model with dies 2. inlay wax 3. wax spatula and carver 4. bunsen burner B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to wax and design a multiple unit bridge 1. The pontics and copings must be designed to suit the specific case 2. The copings should be designed for proper porcelain support With at least 70% accuracy at the end of two sessions. X. SPRUING OF MULTIPLE UNITS - ONE LABORATORY SESSION A. CONDITIONS: Given a demonstration and reading assignments on multiple unit spruing methods using runner bar spruing, venting, and auxiliary sprues and using the following equipment and supplies: 1. bunsen burner 2. wax spatula 3. 8 ga. and 10 ga. wax sprues ga. auxiliary wax sprues B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to sprue and properly position a multiple unit bridge and explain the reasons for the spruing structure and proper positioning of wax frame work prior to 20

21 investing. XI. INVESTING - ONE LABORATORY SESSION 1. Sprues should be placed at proper angle to coping 2. Sprues should be at proper distance from bridge and former With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one session. A. CONDITION: Given a demonstration and reading assignments on investing of a multiple unit bridge using high heat investment and using the following equipment and supplies: 1. sprue former 2. casting ring 3. casting ring liner 4. bowl and spatula 5. investment 6. wax pattern cleaner 7. vacuum investor 8. vibrator B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to invest a multiple unit bridge 1. The sprued bridge should be invested using demonstrated techniques in preparation for casting With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one session. 21

22 XII. CASTING - ONE LABORATORY SESSION A. CONDITION: Given a demonstration and reading assignments on setting temperature and operating a burnout furnace, proper use of casting torch and correct procedure for melting of metal alloys and using the following equipment and supplies: 1. invested bridge 2. burnout furnace 3. casting machine 4. casting torch 5. casting tongs 6. casting alloys B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to cast the multiple unit bridge 1. The casting ring should be burned out at the proper temperature 2. The alloy should be properly melted 3. The bridge should be casted XIII. RECOVERY - ONE LABORATORY SESSION With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one session. A. CONDITION: Given a demonstration and reading assignments on recovering the multi-unit bridge and sandblasting and using the following equipment and supplies: 22

23 1. cast bridge 2. investment ejector 3. sandblaster B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to recover the bridge 1. The casting should be recovered and cleaned XIV. FINISHING - ONE LABORATORY SESSION With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one session. A. CONDITIONS: Given demonstrations and reading assignments on finishing and fitting bridge to master model, and using the following equipment and supplies: 1. handpieces 2. cut-off discs 3. assorted stones and wheels 4. master model and dies B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to finish and fit a multiple unit bridge 1. The bridge should be finished and fitted With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one session. 23

24 XV. FRAMEWORK PREPARATION, PORCELAIN APPLICATION AND FIRING - THREE LABORATORY SESSIONS A. CONDITION: Given demonstrations and reading assignments on conditioner application, opaque application, porcelain build-up and firing and using the following equipment and supplies: 1. finished bridge 2. metal conditioner 3. opaque porcelain 4. porcelain 5. porcelain furnace 6. firing tray 7. mixing slab and spatula 8. #1 and #8 sable brushes 9. hemostat B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to prepare, add porcelain and fire the bridge fired 1. The conditioner should be applied and fired 2. The opaque should be applied and condensed 3. The porcelain should be applied, condensed and With at least 70% accuracy at the end of three sessions. XVI. SHAPING AND CONTOURING - ONE LABORATORY SESSION A. CONDITION: Given a demonstration and reading assignments on grinding and contouring of porcelain bridges and using the following equipment and supplies: 1. bisque baked bridge 2. handpieces 3. assorted stones and wheels B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to 24

25 grind, contour and shape the porcelain bridge 1. The individual units of the bridge should be anatomically shaped and contoured to resemble natural dentition With at least 70% accuracy at the end of one session. XVII. FINISHING, GLAZING, POST SOLDERING AND POLISHING - THREE LABORATORY SESSIONS A. CONDITION: Given a demonstration and reading assignments on finishing, applying glaze, firing, polishing metal and using the following equipment and supplies: 1. Handpieces 2. polishing compounds 3. rubber wheels and discs 4. glaze kit 5. porcelain oven 6. post solder B. PERFORMANCE: The student should be able to finish and glaze a multi-unit bridge 1. The bridge should be finished and glazed 2. The metal should be highly polished 3. The connection should be post soldered With at least 70% accuracy at the end of three sessions 25