Papermaking, Ink Chemistry and Printability of United States

Transcription

1 Papermaking, Ink Chemistry and Printability of United States Three Cent Bank Note Matej Pekarovic 1, Alexandra Pekarovicova 1, Jan Pekarovic 1 and John Barwis 2 1 Western Michigan University, Center for Ink and Printability, 4601 Campus Dr., A 231 Parkview, Kalamazoo, MI Institute for Analytical Philately, PO Box , Las Vegas, NV

2 Production of 3 Cent Stamp Over 6.6 billion of stamps

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4 # Issue Printer Stamps Analysis Question 1870 Nti National lco. 81 Paper How many paper types? 1870 National Co. 9 Ink The cause of color variation? 1873 Continental Co. 74 Paper How many paper types? 1873 Continental Co. 14 Ink The cause of color variation? American Co. 75 Paper How many paper types? 1878 American Co. 9 Ink The cause of color variation? 1881 American Co., 115 Paper Same paper as 1878 issue? re engravedengraved 1881 American Co., re engraved 11 Ink The cause of color variation?

5 Customary Bending Index: Bending Resistance/Stamp Weight

6 Bending Indices of National Stamps Bending Index Bending In ndex [GU/ /g] National BN Sample

7 Population Distribution of National Stamps (GU Gurley Units) 25 Dist tribution [%] Bending Index Range National BN [GU/g]

8 Bending Index Population Distribution of Continental Stamps Pop pulation [% %] Bending Index Range Continental BN [GU/g]

9 Bending Index Population Distribution of American 1878 Edition Pop pulation [% %] Bending Index Range American BN 1878 [GU/g]

10 Bending Index Population Distribution of American 1881 Edition Distributio on [%] Bending Index Distribution American BN 1881 [GU/g]

11 Selection of Stamps for Fiber Analysis Type Range of BI [GU/g] Stamp Number National National Continental Continental American American American American American

12 Repulping of National Stamps Prior to Fiber Analysis Easy repulping Repulping difficulties

13 Repulping of Continental (Left) and American Stamps 1878 (Right) Bluish bleed Yellow bleed

14 Mean Weighted Fiber Length of Analyzed Stamps m] gth Weig ghted [m Mean Len

15 Technidyne Profile Plus instrument 63.6 mm 2

16 Porosity [se ec/100ml L] Oil Gurley Porosity of National Stamps National BN The higher the number, the lower the porosity Stamp # AVG

17 Oil Gurley Porosity of Continental 1873 Stamps 250 Continental l1873 Porosity [se ec/100ml ] Green Bluish green Yellow green Dark green AVG Stamp color

18 Oil Gurley Porosity of American 1881 Reengraved Stamps American1881 Reengraved Porosity [s sec/100m L] Blue green Green Yellow green Stamp color AVG

19 Average Oil Gurley Porosity of Stamps American1881 Reengraved Porosity [s sec/100m L] Blue green Green Yellow green Stamp color AVG

20 Colors shades from Scott Specialized Green Family Philately hl l Catalogue Record use Olive green October 1873 Yellowish olive green October 1873 Yellow green May 1874 Deep yellow green May 1874 Green July 1873 Light green July 1873 Deep green July 1873 Emerald green N/A

21 Average CIELAB Color values for Continental Stamps Color L A B Green Bluish Green Yellow Green Dark Green Olive Green Avg Continental

22 CIELAB values of stamps L a +a National large squares; Continental large circles; American 1878 small squares; American 1881 small circles

23 Eab Color Difference of Average CIELAB from Designated Color Eab Green Pale Dark Light Dark Green Green Green Bluish Green Yellow Green Green Green Blue Gree Gree n n Yellow Green National BN Continental BN American 1878American 1881

24 Conclusion Bending index analysis, fiber length analysis, and porosity analysis showed that all three companies used different types of paper. Within a company, National and Continental used two discrete types of papers, as was revealed by bending indices characteristics, and fiber length analysis. Three different papers were used in American within first period (1878), re engraved engraved edition (1881) was printed on two different paper substrates, as confirmed by bending indices dces analysis, and fiber analysis.

25 Conclusion Color Green as described by Scott catalogue is different for every manufacturer. Average CIELAB value of National stamp show Eab = 34color 3.4 difference from National Green. Continental average stamp has CIELAB value 47.5, 23.8, 7.5 and its color difference from Continental Green Eab =3.0. American 1787 has Eab from American 1787 Dark green, and American 1881 has Eab=1.8 from American 1881 Green.

26 THANK YOU!