506 Philippe Aghion is Professor of Economics at Harvard University. His research focuses on

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1 Author Biographies 506 Philippe Aghion is Professor of Economics at Harvard University. His research focuses on the economics of growth. Together with Peter Howitt, in Endogenous Growth Theory and The Economics of Growth he used Schumpeter s theory of growth to analyse the development of growth strategies and the role of the state in promoting growth. David Ahlstrom is a professor at the Department of Management in the Faculty of Business Administration at The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Prior to that, he was an instructor at New York University s Stern School of Business from 1993 to His professional interests include international management, managing in Greater China, venture capital and entrepreneurship in emerging economies. Ufuk Akçiğit is Assistant Professor of Economics at the University of Pennsylvania. His research focuses on the decisive factors for productivity growth at company, industry and national levels. He is currently using microdata to investigate the dynamics of firms in industrial and developing countries. Hannes Androsch is former Finance Minister and Vice Chancellor of the Republic of Austria. Alongside positions held in the OECD and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), he acted as General Director of the Creditanstalt and consultant at the World Bank. He has been President of the Austrian Council for Research and Technology Development since 2010, and managing partner of Androsch International Consulting (AIC) since 1989; since 1997 he has also been co-owner and president of the supervisory board of Salinen Austria AG. Jean-Claude Burgelman is Head of Unit for Science Policy, Foresight and Data at DG Research and Innovation. He has worked for the European Commission since 1999, first as guest researcher at the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) in Seville, where he became director of the Information Society Unit in In 2008 he moved to the Bureau of Economic Policy Advisors (BEPA) in Brussels, and from there to the DG RTD.

2 Christian Dirninger is Professor at the Department of History at the University of Salzburg. In his research and teaching he focuses on the history of economics and financial policy, the history of money and the banking industry, the history of economic theory, European economic history and regional economic history. 507 Jakob Edler is Professor for Innovation Policy and Strategy at MBS Manchester Institute of Innovation Research. Previously he was head of the department for Innovation Systems and Policy at the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research. He advises the EU, OECD and a series of national governments. Stephen Ezell is Director of Global Innovation Policy at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF). Previously he worked for Peer Insight, an innovation research and consulting company, which he co-funded in 2003 to analyse how innovation works in practice in the service industries. Ezell is co-founder of two further businesses, the high-tech service company Brivo Systems and Lynx Capital, a boutique investment bank. Patricia Fara is a historian of science at the University of Cambridge. She is a former Fellow of Darwin College and is currently a Fellow of Clare College. Her areas of particular academic interest include the role of portraiture and art in the history of science, science in 18th century England during the Enlightenment and the role of women in science. Ulrike Felt studied physics, mathematics and astronomy. She was a researcher at CERN in Geneva from 1983 to During this period, she developed research interests in sociology. She returned to the University of Vienna in 1989 and currently works at the Department of Science and Technology Studies.

3 Author Biographies 508 Thomas Fundneider is a managing director of thelivingcore GmbH. For many years he has been involved in the realization of innovation workspaces and developing strategies of thinking and working for a range of organisations. He is a founding member of the management board of PDMA Austria and lectures at several European universities. Johannes Gadner is deputy executive director of the Austrian Council for Research and Technology Development. He previously held the position of executive director of the Institute of Knowledge Organization in Vienna. He worked for several years in social research at a series of institutions including University College London, Vienna University and Innsbruck University. Ludovit Garzik has been managing director of the Austrian Council for Research and Technology Development since Previously he was a member of the management team of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) and programme manager at the Austrian Space Agency. William R. Kerr is a Professor at Harvard Business School, where he teaches in the MBA, executive education and doctoral programs. His research focuses on entrepreneurship and innovation. He has worked with companies worldwide on projects related to entrepreneurship and launching new ventures, with particular emphasis on innovation and global dynamics. He has also advised several governments about deregulation processes and their investments in the innovative capacities of their nations. Gi Eun Kim is a member of the Austrian Council for Research and Technology Development and Professor at the Department of Biotechnology at Seokyeong University in Seoul. Previously she worked as a researcher at the Max Planck Institute and at the TU Berlin.

4 John Komlos was Professor for Economic History at Munich University from 1992 until his retirement as Emeritus in He also taught at a series of other universities including Harvard, Duke and Vienna University. Komlos is one of the founders of the research discipline of Anthropometric history. 509 Alexander Kritikos is Research Director for Entrepreneurship at the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW) in Berlin, where he has also been Head of the Department Innovation, Manufacturing, Service since He is also Professor of Industrial and Institutional Economics at the University of Potsdam and Research Fellow at the Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) as well as the Institute for Employment Research in Bonn. Andreas Kulick is a managing director of thelivingcore GmbH and has worked for twenty years in the management of innovation and change projects in industry and consultancy. He is also a member of the management board of PDMA Germany as well as a member of the World Future Society. Hannes Leo is CEO and founder of cbased, a start-up company with headquarters in Vienna, dedicated to revolutionizing participatory decision processes. Previously he worked for the Austrian Institute for Economic Research (WIFO) and as managing director of the Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn. Philipp Marxgut was Austrian attaché for science and technology in the USA and Canada from 2007 to He worked at the Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology from 2005 to 2007, before which he was on the Brussels staff of the EU Special Representative for the Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe. Ramana Nanda is Professor of Business Administration in the Entrepreneurial Management unit at Harvard Business School, where he teaches entrepreneurial finance.

5 Author Biographies 510 Helga Nowotny is Professor emerita of Social Studies of Science, ETH Zurich. She is a founding member and Vice President of the European Research Council (ERC) and Chair of the ERA Council Forum Austria as well as Vice President of the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings. She is also a Foreign Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and a member of the scientific advisory boards of research institutions and consultancy agencies throughout Europe. Markus F. Peschl is Professor for the Philosophy of Science and Cognitive Science at Vienna University. His focal points include interdisciplinary research on innovation, knowledge, cognition and the development of enabling spaces. Markus F. Peschl is co-founder of theliving Core. Marina Ranga is CEO of the Triple Helix Research Group and Professor at Stanford University. Previously she lectured in innovation management at Newcastle University Business School and Groningen University. Her research focuses on national and regional innovation systems, triple helix interactions and gender aspects of innovation, technology transfer and entrepreneur ship. Matthew Rhodes-Kropf is an Associate Professor in the Entrepreneurial Management Unit at Harvard Business School and a faculty research fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research. Currently, he teaches courses on Venture Capital and Private Equity in the MBA elective curriculum and in executive education programs. He was formerly Associate Professor of Business at the Columbia University Graduate School of Business.

6 Mark Schankerman is a professor in economics at the London School of Economics (LSE). He formerly taught at New York University and was a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. From 1995 to 2003, he served as director of Policy Research and advisor to the chief economist at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. He also worked at the World Bank and has extensive consultancy experience in the private and public sectors. He has contributed extensively to the literature on patents, research and development, productivity, and the economics of emerging economies. 511 Friedrich Stadler is Professor of the History and Philosophy of Science at Vienna University. He is also Director of the University Institute Vienna Circle. He works in the areas of modern history of science and the philosophy of science, exile and emigration research. Bastian Stoppelkamp is a researcher at the Department of Philosophy at Vienna University. Focal points of his research include the history of science, the history of philosophy and university history in the 19th and early 20th century. K. Matthias Weber has been Head of Unit for Research, Technology and Innovation Policy at the Innovation Systems Department at Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH (AIT) since Previously he worked for several years for the European Commission at the Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) in Seville. Alongside his research activities, he advises international organisations as well as national governments in and outside Europe on research, innovation and industrial development. He is currently also a member of RISE (Research, Innovation and Science Policy High-Level Expert Group), which advises the European Commissioner for Research and Innovation.