Literacy Link Teacher Special Schools Day 2. Promoting Reading & Writing for pupils with SPGLD Disabilities

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1 Literacy Link Teacher Special Schools Day 2 Promoting Reading & Writing for pupils with SPGLD Disabilities

2 Attending - reading The student should be enabled to develop his/her awareness of and ability to manipulate objects (p.25 NCCA Guidelines) Introduce a variety of objects - support the pupil in feeling, looking at, tolerating, exploring toys, objects large letters and interpreting meaning from these.

3 Attending Reading Develop an awareness of 3-D materials that can be used to represent familiar people/ objects Observe and participate in using objects of reference

4 Attending - reading Develop an awareness of 2-D materials that can be used to represent familiar people/ objects, pictures, non-letter signs and symbols, looking from the symbolic to the real thing, feeling the symbolic and the real thing.

5 Attending - reading The student should be enabled to: 1. Develop an awareness of books 2. Listen to stories being read from books, look at pictures in books with an adult/a sibling/another student 3. Feel tactile books 4. experience the pressing of buttons on interactive books 5. Participate in the handling of books

6 Attending - Reading 1. Pupils should experience books: opening and closing books with hand over hand assistance; turning pages, holding the book correctly 2. Pupils should become aware of the fact that pictures can tell stories - 3. Home-made books using photographs relating to the student 4. Observe and attend to the sequence of a simple picture story shown by an adult 5. Own self/ family, bright or interactive commercial picture stories 6. Observe text in storybooks or books of rhymes

7 Attending - Reading The student should be enabled to 1. Recognise his/her printed name - i.e. on his/her belongings, at the bottom of his/her painting ( photo can accompany, where appropriate) 2. Become aware of familiar or meaningful letters, feel and observe textured and attractive letters of importance, look at letters in his/her own name. Idea for integration: History / S.P.H.E. / Art - textured display of initial letters: Family members names Mum, Dad, Brother, Sister Pets names: Rex, Tabby Favourite toys: Doll, Lego, CD Favourite places: Beach, Granny s House, Funworld

8 Responding - Reading The student should be enabled to develop his/her interest in and ability to explore objects Observation sheets to determine level of engagement with exploration of objects, interest, response to certain objects i.e. Halloween stories with a black cat - black faux fur, worms, tinned spaghetti etc.

9 Responding - Reading Link familiar objects of reference to their meanings Link a toy bus with the real bus that brings him/her to school, show excitement when shown a piece of clothing that he/she associates with a favourite person/family member News and circle time, choose own news book when given a choice* of news books to choose from

10 Responding - Reading Link familiar pictures to their meanings Link non-letter signs and symbols to their meanings i.e. link the sign on a toilet door to the actual toilet inside Show excitement when shown a picture of a favourite person/object Show preference for specific pictures of a person/object

11 Responding - Reading The student should be enabled to: Begin to show interest in and recognition of printed signs in the immediate environment Pick out his/her own printed name from small selection Look at/eye-point to printed labels for familiar objects Communication books Coats Lunchboxes Food baskets Physio equipment

12 Initiating - Reading The student should be enabled to: Show curiosity about, experiment with, and investigate objects (observably) Observe visually and in a tactile form and feel differences in the texture, size, shape, and colour of 3-D objects Observe and feel differences in the texture, size, shape, and colour of 2-D materials

13 Initiating - Reading Independently sort and match 2-D materials according to texture, size, shape, and colour. Independently sort and match 3-D objects according to texture, size, shape, and colour.

14 Initiating - Reading Sample Lesson - Integrated history/ drama/ English reading Johnny has read a story with teacher. It is called the Goldilocks and the Three Bears Teacher has three different areas set up. Area 1 - three bowls of porridge Area 2 - three chairs Area 3 - three makeshift beds Teacher asks pupil which is the first thing that Goldilocks sees when she walks into the house.

15 Initiating - Reading Sample lesson Integrated Maths/ PE / English reading Game of bowling/ target practice Pupils names & photo are displayed Pupils each have a turn Pupils are asked to orient towards their printed name before they participate. As their turn is identified, this printed name & photo is shown/ displayed Beanbags, balls or a bowling ball is thrown and scores are kept using counting, displays of numerals and sequences as a mathematical base to the lesson

16 Initiating - Reading Seek out and use an appropriate object of reference, picture, sign, or symbol to indicate needs and desires Examples: Cookery Lesson: Science/ English reading/ Maths Ask the pupil/s to collect the correct object/s of reference from a selection - wooden spoon may be used on a whole school basis for cookery.

17 Initiating - Reading Seek out and use an appropriate object of reference, picture, sign, or symbol to ask a question about a person/object/ event Interpret the meaning of non- letter signs and symbols in the immediate and wider environment Use familiar letters functionally and in play Sort and match letters independently, place letters of his/her own name at own his/her place on the desk, place letters to request or name a familiar item.

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19 Writing - Attending : Be given assistance and opportunities to develop the postural control necessary for drawing Have a stable position that allows him/her to free one hand/both hands, to reach and see easily a drawing surface (upright, tilted surface often best), have opportunities to draw in sitting, kneeling, standing, prone, or side-lying positions, as appropriate Develop a tolerance for hand over hand assistance and accept help with painting and drawing activities Tolerate a gentle physical prompt for hand and finger painting, tolerate implements being placed in his/her hand

20 Writing - Attending Engage in hand-printing and finger-painting exercises Paint with thickened textures, paint with vivid colours to attract attention Paint with hands and fingers on textured surfaces

21 Writing - Attending Develop an ability to grip drawing implements and exercises with a variety of materials in holding/ grasping/squeezing/ pushing/tearing/twisting.

22 Writing - Attending Become aware of and participate in using a large range of drawing and painting implements Examples include large fat tools, paintbrushes padded with foam, finger crayons, triangular pens/pencils Bells or a weight can be attached to a drawing implement to increase awareness of its presence

23 Writing - Attending Computer drawing programs, ICT, apps, touchscreen computers

24 Writing - Attending Become aware that choices can be made regarding implements, materials and colours Have choices based on observation of what attracts him/her

25 Writing - Attending Attend to the direction of marks created Making sweeping and flowing marks with a finger/ an implement in the air/on a large surface Attend to the shape of marks created i.e. assist with sprinkling sand or glitter onto painted marks and then feel and observe them when dry

26 Writing - Attending Develop awareness of the outline of regular shapes Trace with the finger around regular shapes Participate with colouring inside regular shapes

27 Writing - Attending Attend to the drawing of models of familiar representations Pupil should be enabled to look at a real person/an object and observe a pictorial representation being made - example Participate with help in making a pictorial representation

28 Writing - Attending Develop a sense of ownership of the finished product Have his/her work identified and displayed, take home his/her own work, have his/ her own portfolio of work.

29 Writing - Responding Show an interest in hand- printing and fingerpainting React to the feeling of paint on the hands, follow instructions to reach out and make marks on a drawing surface, imitate the direction of strokes made with the fingers with decreasing assistance

30 Writing - Responding Develop an ability to release drawing implements Release when gentle physical help is given to open fingers, release when given a verbal prompt.

31 Writing - Responding Indicate a preference for particular implements/drawing surfaces when presented with a choice Using his/her established communication method Begin to develop a left-right orientation for writing

32 Writing - Responding Begin to develop a left-right orientation for writing Trace a finger along a left-to-right (exercises) In a sand tray, trace a finger from left to right along a sandpaper road going from the left to the right.

33 Writing - Responding Imitate (with decreasing assistance) marks he/she sees being made by an adult Horizontal and vertical strokes, circular strokes, a single vertical or horizontal line, a single circle, a cross, a loop, a zigzag line, a wavy line

34 Writing -Responding With decreasing help, trace over large, bright or textured models of significant letters with a finger/drawing implement i.e. letters of his/her own name, familiar letters used in signs (indicate the starting spot for each letter highlighted)

35 Writing -Responding Imitate (with decreasing help) marks he/she sees being made by an adult Examples - horizontal and vertical strokes, circular strokes, a single vertical or horizontal line, a single circle, a cross, a loop, a zigzag line, a wavy line Copy (with decreasing help) marks that have been prepared by an adult (examples as above)

36 Writing -Responding Colour (with decreasing help) inside regular shapes - link with maths Move from colouring the whole page to colouring inside a large/medium- sized circle or other regular geometrical shape

37 Writing -Responding Imitate/follow instructions to scribble or paint freely with a large range of drawing and painting implements on a variety of drawing surfaces.

38 Writing -Responding Respond to reminders to maintain a suitable posture for drawing With decreasing assistance sit as upright as possible, raise upper body if in a prone position, free upper arm in a side-lying position, stand securely if using an easel, free one hand/both hands, look at the drawing surface

39 Writing -Responding Refine the ability to grip drawing and writing implements Progress (if appropriate) to instruments without special aids and where possible, progress to smaller instruments

40 Writing -Responding Imitate/follow instructions to scribble or paint freely with a large range of drawing and painting implements on a variety of drawing surfaces. Indicate a preference for particular implements/drawing surfaces when presented with a choice using his/her established communication method

41 Writing -Responding Copy (with decreasing help) marks that have been prepared by an adult

42 Writing -Responding Draw around regular templates with decreasing help - stencils etc Trace outline with the finger, draw around the finger dipped in paint, draw around with an implement Draw simple pictorial forms with decreasing assistance including representations of self / family members/ a house/ a flower etc. Identify his/her own picture or drawings from a selection presented

43 Writing -Responding With some help record thoughts and feelings using pictures/ symbols/ words i.e. add a smiling mouth to a picture of a face to record happiness, choose a sad face from a selection and add to the collage of a boy/ girl to record sadness/ general preferences.

44 Writing - Initiating Independently show understanding of the leftright orientation of writing Play independently at pretend writing with a finger in the sand tray/with finger paint on paper going from left to right, use sandpaper roads from left to right independently.

45 Writing - Initiating Draw with direction and control, independently copy prepared examples i.e. horizontal and vertical lines, circles, crosses, loops, zig- zags (possibly as pretend writing)

46 Writing - Initiating Develop an understanding of the left-to-right, top-to-bottom orientation of writing i.e. independently start at a red spot when tracing over prepared letter models - example

47 Writing - Initiating Make a reasonable attempt to copy large models of significant letters i.e. letters of his/her own name, familiar letters used in the environment Independently write the letters of significant names or words

48 Writing - Initiating Independently use a finger to trace over significant letters in 3-D and 2-D soft fabric letters, magnetic letters, letters in sand, letters on corrugated paper, sandpaper

49 Writing - Initiating Draw, with help if necessary, around templates for a particular purpose, i.e. draw around the template of an animal to help with a farm collage Seek out/ choose materials and methods for drawing, painting and writing

50 Writing - Initiating Experiment with finger painting to achieve various effects and designs colour, movement, textures, drop sand or glitter into paint

51 Writing - Initiating Experiment with a large range of drawing implements on a range of drawing surfaces to achieve various effects and designs Free-flowing rhythms of early drawing attempts gradually refined to more controlled movements as hand/eye co- ordination improves - example

52 Writing - Initiating Enjoy colouring inside shapes and pictures, i.e. large shapes with thick outline gradually refined to smaller shapes - example

53 Writing - Initiating Make a reasonable attempt to copy prepared models of familiar drawings i.e. drawing of a person/a face/a house Give meaning to his/her own drawing, indicate self/ answer what the picture is about (verbally or non-verbally)/ point to an object when asked about a drawing

54 Writing - Initiating Establish his/her ownership of the finished product - example of activity Show his/her effort to an adult or other students, ask to bring it home or have it displayed Appreciate and examine the work of other students and know whose work it is where appropriate

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