Reports on the impact of Caulerpa lentillifera by alien free-living isopod Paracerceis sculpta Crustacea, Isopoda, Sphaeromatidae

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Valentine Fowler
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1 69: Paracerceis sculpta Japanese Journal of Benthology Paracerceis sculpta Reports on the impact of Caulerpa lentillifera by alien free-living isopod Paracerceis sculpta Crustacea, Isopoda, Sphaeromatidae * Yuzo OTA Lake Biwa Museum Abstract: Unidentified free-living isopods Crustacea, Sphaeromatidae occurring in an important commercial seaweed bed of Caulerpa lentillifera at Miyako-jima island, southern Japan, are identified herein Paracerceis sculpta Holmes, 1904 originating from the pacific coast from California to Mexico. This species has been reported as an alien species the world. The impact of P. sculpta on growth of C. lentillifera was observed for a week in laboratory aquaria, by comparison to control aquaria without isopods. No negative impact on the growth on the alga was observed except on already injured C. lentillifera exposing to mature P. sculpta. This shows usually that P. sculpta does not utilize C. lentillifera as its main food but usually feeds on other materials. Key Words: alien species, aquaculture, Caulerpa lentillifera, Okinawa, Paracerceis sculpta Caulerpa lentillifera J. Agardh 1998; Lipkin & Silva , 1978a, 1978b ; Received 18 September 2014 Accepted 28 October 2014 * Corresponding author yota1164@gmail.com

Fig. 1. Sphaeromatid isopod, Paracerceis sculpta. A, mature α-male; B, mature female with juveniles; C, mature α-male on Caulerpa lentillifera in sea weed bed at Miyako-jima island. Fig. 2.

2 Fig. 1. Sphaeromatid isopod, Paracerceis sculpta. A, mature α-male; B, mature female with juveniles; C, mature α-male on Caulerpa lentillifera in sea weed bed at Miyako-jima island. Fig. 2. Experimental set-up in laboratory aquarium: Caulerpa lentillifera cut into 3 cm pieces and exposed on 5 mm plastic mesh exposed to five individuals each of Paracerceis sculpta in perforated containers for a week. 1 1 Paracerceis sculpta Holmes, 1904 Fig Shuster 1987, 1989a α- RUMF-ZC Fig L 1 86

3 Paracerceis sculpta 160 L , μmol m 2 s 1 5 mm 3 cm 5 Fig. 2 5 mm spherical translucent ramelli; str L 1 α mm mm, N mm mm, N mm mm, N 60 α mm mm, N 12 Fig mm mm; N mm ; N mm mm; N Fig. 3. Size frequency distribution of Paracerceis sculpta. Table 1. Growth rate of Caulerpa lentillifera exposed by Paracerceis sculpta for a week. icrease rate of weight mean SD % increase rate of str. mean SD % mat immat contr in/mat in/immat in/contr trial 87

Fig. 4. Impact of Paracerceis sculpta on wet weight and on number of spherical translucent ramelli str. of Caulerpa lentillifera after one week of exposure in laboratory aquaria.

4 Fig. 4. Impact of Paracerceis sculpta on wet weight and on number of spherical translucent ramelli str. of Caulerpa lentillifera after one week of exposure in laboratory aquaria. Upper broken arrows show numbers of str. and lower arrows show wet weight. All arrows show means from three to seven trials for each treatment: mat. C. lentillifera with mature P. sculpta, immat with immature P. sculpta; in/mat injured 5 str. were removed C. lentillifera with mature P. sculpta; in/immat injured C. lentillifera with immature P. sculpta; contr. control C. lentillifera without P. sculpta 4.1 mm ; N g 5 66 Table Fig. 4 Paracerceis sculpta Holmes 1904 Menzies 1962; Miller 1968; Brusca 1980 Ariyama & Otani 2004 Fig Paracerceis japonica Nunomura, 1986 Nunomura P. sculpta Ariyama & Otani Amphiroa Coarallina Pires 1980; Shuster 1991a, b α β γ Shuster 1987, 1989a Shuster 1980 Shuster & Wade 1991 Munguia & Shuster

5 Paracerceis sculpta α Shuster 1989b Munguia & Shuster 2013 β γ α α Ariyama & Otani 2004 β γ α Fig. 4 Mark J. Grygier 2 Ariyama, H and M. Otani Paracerceis sculpta Crustacea: Isopoda: Sphaeromatidae, a newly introduced species into Osaka Bay, central Japan. Benthos Research, 59: Brusca, R. C Common Intertidal Invertebrates of the Gulf of California. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 513 pp : : Lipkin, Y. and P. C. Silva Marine algae and seagrasses of the Dahlak Archipelago, southern Red Sea. Nova Hedwigia, 75: Menzies, R. J The marine isopod fauna of Bahia de San Quintin, Baja California, Mexico. Pacific Naturalist, 3: Miller, M. A Isopoda and Tanaidacea from buoys in coastal waters of the continental United States, Hawaii, and Bahamas Crustacea. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 125: Munguia, P. and S. M. Shuster Established populations of Paracerceis sculpta Isopoda in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 33 1 : Pires, A. M. S Sergiella angra, a new genus and species of Sphaeromatidae Isopoda from Brazil. Crustaceana, 38: VII 18 7: Shuster, S. M Alternative reproduction behaviors: three discrete male morphs in Paracerceis sculpta. An intertidal isopod from the northern Gulf of California. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 7 2 : Shuster, S. M. 1989a. Female sexual receptivity associated with molting and differences in copulatory behavior among the three male morphs in Paracerceis sculpta Crustacea: Isopoda. Biological Bulletin, 177: Shuster, S. M. 1989b. Male alternative reproductive behaviors in a marine isopod crustacean Paracerceis sculpta : The use of genetic markers to measure differences in fertilization success among α-, β- and γ-males. Evolution, 34: Shuster, S. M. 1991a. The ecology of breeding females and the evolution of polygyny in Paracerceis sculpta, a marine isopod crustacean. In Crustacean Sexual Biology, R. Bauer and J. Martin eds., Columbia University Press, Columbia, South Carolina, pp Shuster, S. M. 1991b. Changes in female anatomy associated with the reproductive moult in Paracerceis sculpta, a semelparous isopod crustacean. Journal of Zoology, 225: Shuster, S. M. and M. J. Wade Equal mating success among male reproductive strategies in a marine isopod. Nature, 350: : Journal of Japanese Benthology, 87: pp a. I b. II pp : pp. 89

David A. Weese. Awards and Fellowships:

David A. Weese. Awards and Fellowships: David A. Weese Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies Auburn University Auburn, AL 36830 weeseda@auburn.edu Tel: (334) 844-3223 Education: 2006-Current Ph.D. candidate,