Tatlayoko Lake Bird Observatory Annual Report Draft

Transcription

1 Tatlayoko Lake Bird Observatory Annual Report Draft Prepared by: Steve Ogle For: The Nature Conservancy of Canada The Canadian Wildlife Service Draft: March 2009

2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction and background Protocol and Logistics Location Bird Banding Census Incidental Observations Results Effort and conditions Volunteer Effort and Visitors Bander statistics Environmental conditions Banding results Census Species Diversity Recaptures Same-year recaps Inter-annual recaptures Highlight sightings Injuries and fatalities Changes in Potato Mountain migration monitoring Literature Cited Appendix 1: TLBO 2008 bird list in taxonomical order... 25

3 Acknowledgements Thank you to the following people for making our third season a great success: Chris and Myke Chutter Peter, Roma and Patricia Shaughnessy Peter and Bernadette McAllister Audrey and Nils Hoeg Robb Patterson Karen Krushelnick Rosalind Coleman and Michael Simmons Sonja and Chris Siddle Ann Nightingale Kaela Perry Andrew and Gail Harcombe Dannie Carsen Bob Andrews Jasmin Dobson Whitesaddle Air Services Kate England Erika Lok Patricia Randall Cory Rabourn Bob Sagar, Hani, and Elias Barry Lancaster Jennifer Raifteiri-McArdle Rick Howie John Kerr Ruth and Charlie Travers Cedar, Rod, Tiegan, Osa, Fritz, Sally Mueller Tatla Lake students Sandy Proulx Phil Ranson Wendy Easton, CWS Janean Sharkey Joe Schuck Ken Wright Kristie Foster Ashleigh Ballevona Tatlayoko Bird Observatory is also thankful for the generous support of the following individuals and organizations: Nature Conservancy of Canada BC Region, NCC s Conservation Volunteers program, Royal Bank of Canada, Peter and Roma Shaughnessy, Mr. James Lornie, B.C. Trust for Public Lands, and Windsor Plywood. This report is dedicated to the memory of Tatlayoko Valley resident Dale Kerr, who passed away in May, She was a lover of nature, a promoter of the bird observatory, and will be missed.

4 1. Introduction and background This report summarizes the third season of operations at the Tatlayoko Lake Bird Observatory (TLBO), which monitored bird abundance and diversity during August and September, Founded in 2006 by the Nature Conservancy of Canada (NCC), the bird observatory is part of a science and monitoring initiative centred on several large conservation properties in the Tatlayoko Valley of British Columbia. These properties include a valley-bottom tract of active rangeland and wilderness known as the Tatlayoko Ranch, acquired by NCC in The Tatlayoko Valley flows out to the Pacific via the Homathko River, acting as a geographic corridor between the Fraser Plateau and the south coast. The valley and specifically the riparian area of the Tatlayoko Ranch has been shown to be a highly productive stopover point for birds en route during the fall migration season (Ogle 2008). The primary objective of the bird observatory is to monitor, assess, and demonstrate landbird migration patterns over time. Results will be used to evaluate the success of NCC s local conservation strategies in addition to providing research and educational opportunities for local, regional and even international initiatives (eg. school groups, workshops, scientific studies on neotropical migrants, etc.). TLBO is currently a provisional member of the Canadian Migration Monitoring Network (CMMN), part of an international program to evaluate migratory bird population trends over a long-term period. Data is submitted annually to the Canadian Wildlife Service and also contributed to Bird Studies Canada.

5 2. Protocol and Logistics An overview of TLBO protocol is provided in this section, however please see the NCC document TLBO Migration Monitoring Protocol (Ogle 2007) for more information Location Tatlayoko Lake Bird Observatory is located at 800 metres above sea level, at UTM (NAD83, 10U), about 1km north of Tatlayoko Lake, which is roughly situated between the cities of Williams Lake, Bella Coola, and Whistler, British Columbia. Figure 1 shows the general location of TLBO in the southwestern part of the province. The observatory itself consists of a bird banding station (constructed in 2008) located inside an established census area where birds are counted each morning during August and September. Figure 2 shows the census area, including the daily census route and locations of specific nets for bird banding purposes.

6 Figure 2: Census Area Legend Inset: Net locations

7 Below is a brief outline of how birds are counted and which types of data are collected. Note that a new site was initiated up on Potato Mountain, which will be covered under a separate section. To be consistent with previous years of monitoring, all regular protocol and reporting excludes the Potato Mountain site unless otherwise indicated Bird Banding TLBO operates twelve 12-metre mist-nets designed to catch birds moving through the lower and middle sections of vegetated habitat. On each day, a bander-in-charge, banding assistant and varying numbers of volunteers are present at the site. Banding generally occurs seven days a week for the two-month season, as weather permits, beginning at dawn each day and continuing for six hours. Captured birds are collected at regular intervals and brought to the station for banding and measurements, where the following data are collected: Time of capture, net number, species, age, sex, weight, wing length, moult, and fat score. Data are compiled in the software program Bandit (Bird Banding Lab 2008). Birds that are already banded are often captured, in which case all of the above measurements are still taken in addition to recording the band number of the recaptured individual. Same-day recaptures are not recorded Census A standard census route is followed each day by an experienced observer, beginning one and a half hours after sunrise and lasting for roughly one hour. The census route is shown in Figure 2. All birds are counted along this route as long as they are within the census area boundaries Incidental Observations Birds that are counted during regular operations exclusive from banding or census go into this category, which is a daily running tally by persons sitting at the banding station, walking on a net round, or returning from census. All daily observations must be within

8 the census area during operating hours, however species recorded outside of normal hours may be added to our overall TLBO bird list Daily Estimated Totals Each day, totals from banding, recaptures, census and incidental observations are compiled and subjectively tallied to come up with a number for each species. The result is a daily estimated total, or ET, which is a daily judgment of how many individuals of each species were counted in the areas covered by observers in a set amount of time. 3. Results 3.1. Effort and conditions Monitoring began on August 3 rd and finished on September 30 th, 2008 for a total of 57 days. Two foul weather days were encountered: August 24 th and September 5th, when the station did not open. Our Daily Log recorded start and end times, hours for each net, environmental conditions and observer effort, which varied day by day Volunteer Effort and Visitors Twenty-six volunteers contributed a net total of over 1,300 hours of their time to assist with the bird observatory this season. Our two staff banders added another 700 hours to this monumental effort. From two to eight personnel were present at the site each day for an average of four observers, which is an increase from previous seasons and just the right amount of station traffic. Visitors arriving to check out the banding were also noteworthy contributors: A total of 53 visitors showed up at the station, including two organized groups of twelve or more.

9 Bander statistics Table 1: Number of birds processed by each bander at TLBO in 2008 Bander Status Banded Percent of total Recaps Steve Ogle bander-in-charge Chris Chutter Assistant bander Barry Lancaster volunteer Ann Nightingale volunteer Kate England volunteer Environmental conditions This season was marked by relatively warm, wet and calm conditions. The average starting and closing temperatures were 4.2 C and 20.9 C, respectively. Figure 3 highlights the temperature difference between 2008 and the previous two years. Figure 3: Temperature at sunrise in 2008 and previous years.

10 3.2. Banding results This season was our best yet in terms of banding volume. An average of 34 birds were banded per day for a season total of 1871, with an additional 378 recaptures. With similar effort, 2006 averaged 30 banded per day with 1611 banded and 279 recaptured; 2007 averaged 33 per day with 1752 banded and 199 recaptured. Over three years of operation, TLBO has now banded 5234 birds and processed 6090, including recaptures. These totals do not include the 63 birds banded at the new Potato Mountain alpine monitoring site. Figure 4: Cumulative banding totals for 2008 and previous seasons Totals were high from the beginning with 70 birds banded on the first day of operation, continuing with steady numbers for two weeks thereafter. A fairly good surge again happened in early September when we banded 65, 85, and 84 birds respectively on September 2-4 th, the latter two being record days. Late in the season we again caught

11 more birds compared with previous years, until on the scheduled last day of operation (September 30 th ) only two birds were banded. Table 3: Top ten species banded Species Rank Total Song Sparrow Lincoln's Sparrow Ruby-crowned Kinglet Yellow-rumped Warbler Common Yellowthroat Warbling Vireo Swainson's Thrush Orange-crowned Warbler Yellow Warbler Wilson's Warbler Table 3 highlights the top ten species banded in each year (a full list of all species sampled is found in Appendix 1). Of particular surprise is the influx of Song Sparrows and Ruby-crowned Kinglets this season, more than doubling the past two years in total. Lincoln s Sparrows, ranked second this season, remain the overall most commonly banded species at TLBO, with Yellow-rumped Warbler, Song Sparrow, Common Yellowthroat, Orange-crowned Warbler, and Warbling Vireo filling in the 2 nd to 6 th rankings. This season we banded higher-than-average numbers of Ruby-crowned Kinglets, Wilson s and Yellow Warblers, but notably low numbers of Orange-crowned Warblers. Other species that were banded in relatively high numbers included: Boreal Chickadee, Red-breasted Nuthatch, American Redstart, MacGillivray s Warbler, Lazuli Bunting and Purple Finch Census The daily census remains a strong tool in our monitoring arsenal because it provides a standardized count of many species not caught in the nets. The overall numbers of certain

12 species were impressive, as show in Table 4. Some patterns of abundance are similar to those in the banding dataset, for example: Song Sparrows and Ruby-crowned Kinglets were more frequently encountered this season compared to the past two. Not listed here are lower census detection rates in 2008 for Clark s Nutcracker, Oregon Junco, Canada Goose, and especially American Robin, the latter being ranked number two in the pre average but falling to 11 th this year with 123 detections. The nearly ubiquitous presence of Yellow-rumped Warblers on census does not correspond to the banding dataset, presumably because this species is easily detected by ear and frequents the forest canopy. American Wigeon, Mallard and American Crow are species that don t approach the nets often, but along with Yellow-rumps they are examples of birds that can be monitored by census to some extent, barring the inclusion of random, large flocks. Lincoln s Sparrows, on the other hand, rarely appear on census (recorded on only 17 of 55 days) but are amply sampled by our mist-nets and are captured every day without exception. Table 4: Top ten most numerous birds on census Species Rank Overall number detected Frequency of detection (%) Rank in 2006/07 (combined) Yellow-rumped Warbler American Crow Pine Siskin American Wigeon Song Sparrow Black-capped Chickadee Mallard Cedar Waxwing Ruby-crowned Kinglet Common Yellowthroat

13 3.4. Species Diversity Species diversity is best measured by analysis of estimated total (ET) data, incorporating banding, census and observational sampling. In a similar pattern to previous years, 2008 species diversity trends throughout the season started off and remained high throughout August and declined steadily in September. Two dips occurred in 2008 however: one at the end of August and one in mid-september, the first likely attributed to a windy period where detection rates were compromised. These trends are shown in Figure 5. Nine new bird species were added to the main TLBO species list this season, adding to an already-diverse station list (Ogle 2007) and regional checklist (Howie 2008). Table 7 lists these new species and other unusual records for 2008 associated with TLBO migration monitoring, including work on Potato Mountain (which added one species to the valley list). Those seeking rare birds will note that most of these records occurred later in the migration period, although some interesting species have shown themselves in early August in previous years. Figure 5: Species diversity patterns during the season

14 3.5. Recaptures Same-year recaps Out of the 1871 birds banded this season, 233 individuals of 29 species were recaptured anywhere from one time (165 individuals) to five times (one Yellow Warbler), for a total of 378 recaptures. The propensity to be recaptured was variable among species. For the most commonly recaptured species, Table 5 lists the percentage of banded individuals that were recaptured at some point later in the season. Four species (Song Sparrow, Common Yellowthroat, Northern Waterthrush, and Black-capped Chickadee) showed a very high propensity to be recaptured one out of every four birds banded were caught again. Other species such as Ruby-crowned Kinglet and MacGillivray s Warbler did not display such an affinity for returning to the nets. Even though 130 Yellow-rumped Warblers were banded this year (ranked 4 th overall) there was not a single recapture for this species! Table 5: List of most commonly recaptured species Species Individuals recaptured Number banded Percentage recaptured Song Sparrow Common Yellowthroat Lincoln s Sparrow Northern Waterthrush Yellow Warbler Black-capped Chickadee Swainson s Thrush Orange-crowned Warbler Warbling Vireo American Redstart MacGillivray s Warbler Ruby-crowned Kinglet Yellow-rumped Warbler

15 Inter-annual recaptures Over the years we will expect to see an increase in the number of banded birds returning to the net lanes after overwintering. Out of more than 1600 individuals banded in 2006, only seven (0.4%) returned to be captured again in 2007: one Black-capped Chickadee, two Common Yellowthroats, two Swainson s Thrushes, and two American Redstarts. The latter two species in particular are neotropical migrants which have demonstrated for us one of the most interesting facets of migration monitoring site fidelity of longdistance migrants. After being banded, some of these individual birds have flown thousands of kilometres to their wintering sites in Central and South America and back again to the TLBO nets. In 2008, it indeed stepped up quite a bit. We saw the return of six birds that were banded in 2006 and twenty from 2007 (see Table 6). Overall, we are noticing a return of around one percent of the total banded birds from previous years enough to infer some interesting analysis such as survivorship and site fidelity after some further data collection. Several interesting results are currently shown, for example that an adult male American Redstart recaptured for the first time this year was the eighth bird ever banded at TLBO. Also, it appears as though the trend is for birds to be first captured early in the season but then recaptured in a subsequent year at a later date.

16 Table 6: Chronology of recaptures for birds that were banded in previous years. Species Band Number Age/sex at first capture MacGillivray's Warbler Adult-M MacGillivray's Warbler Young-F MacGillivray's Warbler Adult-F Northern Waterthrush Young-F Red-eyed Vireo Adult-U Common Yellowthroat Adult-M Common Yellowthroat Young-F Swainson's Thrush Young-U Swainson's Thrush Young-F Swainson's Thrush Young-F Swainson's Thrush Adult-F Swainson's Thrush Young-F Swainson's Thrush Adult-F Swainson's Thrush Young-U Downy Woodpecker Adult-M Downy Woodpecker Young-M Orange-crowned Warbler Young-F American Redstart Adult-M American Redstart Adult-M Black-capped Chickadee Black-capped Chickadee Adult-U Young-U Yellow Warbler Unkn-F Willow Flycatcher Adult-U Song Sparrow Young-U Song Sparrow Young-U American Robin Adult-M Banded: Recaptured:

17 3.6. Highlight sightings It is always interesting to see what kind of visitors are dropping into our research site. This is important, not so much in the grand scheme of migration monitoring, but to further grasp the scope of avian presence not to mention other animals in the area above and beyond the large sample sizes that we seek for monitoring purposes. In addition, rare and unusual sightings are, in part, what maintain the interest of volunteers, staff, and outside observers. Below is a table showing some of our best sightings of the year. Table 7: Rare and unusual species (new to station in italics, shaded is Potato Mountain) Species Banded? Details Common Nighthawk no Many (20+) birds sighted in evenings over census area this season vs. none in previous two American Bittern no 1 bird sighted in lagoon on 15 August Dusky Grouse Cliff Swallow Bohemian Waxwing Short-eared Owl no no no no A brood of several juveniles and adult female lounging around the station in last half of August 2 birds recorded on census, 18 August (previously only one in 2006) Several birds observed during set-up of Potato Mountain banding site, 21 August 1 bird sighted in vicinity of Potato Mountain banding site, 23 August Clark s Nutcracker yes 1 banded at Potato Mountain site, 24 August Tennessee Warbler yes 1 AHY Male banded on 26 August Black Swift no Flock of 30 observed on 27 August Red-necked Phalarope no One bird sighted at lagoon, 29 August Boreal Chickadee yes 1 banded 02, 14, 27 Sep, 3 banded on 22 September Black-and-white Warbler yes 1 adult female banded on 04 September

18 Species Banded? Details Cinnamon Teal no 6 birds on lagoon 06 September Magnolia Warbler no 1 bird sighted on census 07 September Mountain Bluebird no Flock of 70+ on afternoon of 12 September at Potato Mountain site Gray Jay yes 1 banded on 12 September at Potato Mountain site Gray-crowned Rosy Finch Gray Catbird Swamp Sparrow no yes yes Small flock heard flying over Potato Mountain site on 12 September 1 bird banded on 14 September (previously recorded this species in 2006) 1 bird banded on 16 September, another on 22 September (heard rarely in previous years) Barred Owl no 1 bird hooting on other side of river on 18 September White-throated Sparrow Northern Shrike Lapland Longspur Chestnut-backed Chickadee yes yes no no 1 bird banded on 21 September and recaptured on 23 rd (sighted rarely in previous years) 1 bird attacked and killed OCWA on 25 September; possibly same bird sighted next day 1 bird heard flying over on 26 September (likely heard in previous years but difficult to identify) 1 bird sighted near net 17 on 26 September Gyrfalcon no 1 bird sighted on 29 September Lynx Fisher Rainbow Trout no no no One sighted beside trail just down from Potato Mountain banding site, 21 August 1 sighted going after Flicker on other side of river, 22 September 1 landed in front of station after a fight between an Osprey and Bald Eagle

19 4. Injuries and fatalities An unfortunate by-product of our banding activities is a certain amount of impact upon the birds we are studying. We are always trying to minimize the number of injuries and mortality we subject upon captured birds, and our goal is to have zero incidents. It seems at Tatlayoko we maintain a rate of around 0.6% mortality relative to all the birds we handle. This season, only one instance of error was encountered a large fall-out of birds and too few qualified extractors on hand otherwise predators or other causes were the primary factors. In 2009 we are implementing a new staff scheduling system that will ensure the availability of qualified bird extractors at all times, to account for surprise fallouts where suddenly there are too many birds to handle. Nets are also closed any time things look like they may get out of hand. Table 8: Summary of bird mortality Date Species Cause of Mortality 09 August American Redstart Net-related fatality 19 August Lincoln s Sparrow Net-related fatality 21 August Ruby-crowned Kinglet 21 August Wilson s Warbler 21 August Yellow Warbler 21 August Black-capped Chickadee 28 August Oregon Junco Insufficient number of qualified personnel Insufficient number of qualified personnel Insufficient number of qualified personnel Insufficient number of qualified personnel Caught by toe in unopened net 28 August Lincoln s Sparrow Net-related fatality 28 August Swainson s Thrush Killed by mustelid 01 September Song Sparrow Died in bag, suspect heart 11 September Common Yellowthroat Killed by Goshawk 11 September Lincoln s Sparrow Killed by Goshawk 16 September Hermit Thrush Killed by Sharp-shinned Hawk 17 September Ruby-crowned Kinglet Net-related fatality 28 September Lincoln s Sparrow Died in bag, unknown cause

20 5. Changes in 2008 The following changes were adopted during the 2008 season: A picturesque and functional banding station was built during the summer (builders: Peter and Roma Shaughnessy, Roy Paul, and Andrew Harcombe). It is now a haven for banders and birds alike, with the option to heat the small space to warm fingers and increase the safety for birds waiting to be processed. Equipment can now be stored on site. Around half-way through the season vegetation was trimmed around nets 12, 16, and 17 in order to funnel birds down to the level of the mist-nets. Once the lessthan-professional trim job has a chance to leaf in again, we may see a steadier stream of birds in those nets. Banding data were entered directly into Microsoft Excel at the station with our new TLBO laptop, thus removing an error-prone and time-consuming data transcription phase of the bygone era. We re working on a means of getting the daily log entered directly too, but for now the afternoon volunteer data entry is appreciated. In addition, our hope is to have a solar panel to power some lighting and the laptop for next season because battery power was an issue. Migration monitoring was conducted during two sessions in high-elevation habitat on Potato Mountain. See next section.

21 6. Potato Mountain migration monitoring This season, TLBO started an exciting endeavour as a spin-off to our regular banding activities. During the two periods August th and September th, migration observers hiked up to 2000 metres in the Potato Range adjacent to the Tatlayoko Valley to establish if bird banding was feasible at high elevations. Little or no work of this type has been done in North America. Although conditions were difficult (as they were in the valley during the same period), the pilot project demonstrated that a sampling of different bird species is possible. Figure 6 places the Potato Mountain banding site in geographical context, located several kilometres to the southeast of the main TLBO station. Thirty-seven species were recorded while banding in addition to other incidental sightings, some of which are cited in Table 7, above. Sixty-three birds of 14 species were banded. Highlights included banding a Clark s Nutcracker (the TLBO logo bird), a Gray Jay, and a Yellow Warbler the latter a species that is rarely encountered in the subalpine. An overall list of birds observed during banding operations is in Table 9, while Table 10 provides a comparison of conditions and capture totals between the alpine and the valley. Operations consisted of one observer and one assistant who recorded all birds sighted during a six-hour banding period, when six nets were placed in strategic locations throughout a one-hectare segment of krummholz habitat. Unfortunately, it was too windy for banding much of the time in the August period but observations still took place and nets were opened whenever conditions permitted. As mentioned, the weather at TLBO during the same period was somewhat uncharacteristic, with higher winds and one rain closure. However, this also coincided with one major fall-out of birds in the valley. It is recommended that, if resources permit, at least one segment of Potato Mountain banding be encouraged in future years. The end of August or beginning of September would be the best time for this project.

22 Table 9: Birds recorded during Potato Mountain banding Species Number sighted Number banded Pine Siskin 532 Yellow-rumped Warbler Mountain Bluebird 176 American Pipit 158 White-crowned Sparrow Oregon Junco Clark s Nutcracker 97 1 Horned Lark 64 Mountain Chickadee 58 2 Ruby-crowned Kinglet 51 7 Common Raven 48 American Robin 48 Red-shafted Flicker 26 Savannah Sparrow 26 Chipping Sparrow 22 1 Golden-crowned Sparrow 15 3 Red-breasted Nuthatch 15 1 Gray Jay 13 1 Golden-crowned Kinglet 14 Orange-crowned Warbler 11 3 Grey-crowned Rosy Finch 12 Bald Eagle 8 Sharp-shinned Hawk 8 Wilson s Warbler 7 2 Purple Finch 8 Osprey 4 Varied Thrush 4 Townsend s Warbler 4 Pine Grosbeak 4 Red-tailed Hawk 2 American Kestrel 2 Brown Creeper 2 White-winged Crossbill 2 Red Crossbill 2 Vesper Sparrow 2 Fox Sparrow 1 1 Yellow Warbler 1 1

23 Figure 6: Location of Potato Mountain migration monitoring Table 10: Comparison of Potato Mountain and TLBO banding sites Potato TLBO Date Start temp (Celsius) Wind (Bf) # Banded # birds/ net Start temp (Celsius) Wind (Bf) # Banded # birds/ net 22-Aug Aug 5 7 Closed Closed Aug Closed Closed 25-Aug Aug Sep Sep Sep

24 7. Literature Cited Howie, R. R Spring birds of the Tatlayoko Lake area Report for the Nature Conservancy of Canada. Victoria, B.C. 64pp. Howie, R.R Early summer birds of the Tatlayoko Lake area Report for the Nature Conservancy of Canada. Victoria, B.C. 82pp. Hussell, D.J.T. and C.J. Ralph Recommended methods for monitoring bird populations by counting and capture of migrants. Report for the Intensive Sites Technical Committee of the Migration Monitoring Council. Available at: Ogle, S Tatlayoko Lake Bird Observatory Migration Monitoring Protocol. Report for the Nature Conservancy of Canada. Victoria, B.C. 40pp. Ogle, S Tatlayoko Lake Bird Observatory Annual Report: 2006/07. Report for the Nature Conservancy of Canada. Victoria, B.C. 47pp. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Bird Banding Laboratory Bandit software Version 2.0. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey Pyle, P., S.N.G. Howell, D.F. DeSante, R.P. Yunick and M. Gustafson Identification Guide to North American Birds, Part 1. Slate Creek Press, California.

25 Appendix 1: TLBO 2008 bird list in taxonomical order /07 Species Average Daily ET Total banded Average Daily ET Total banded Common Loon <1 <1 Pied-billed Grebe <1 <1 Horned Grebe <1 <1 Red-necked Grebe <1 <1 Great Blue Heron <1 <1 American Bittern <1 <1 Canada Goose American Wigeon 5 4 Mallard 5 8 Blue-winged Teal 0 <1 Cinnamon Teal <1 0 Northern Shoveler <1 <1 Northern Pintail <1 <1 Gadwall <1 <1 American Green-winged Teal <1 <1 Ring-necked Duck <1 2 Lesser Scaup 0 <1 Wood Duck 0 <1 Bufflehead 0 <1 Common Goldeneye 0 <1 Barrow s Goldeneye <1 <1 Hooded Merganser <1 <1 Common Merganser <1 1 Red-breasted Merganser 0 <1 Osprey 1 1 Bald Eagle <1 <1 Golden Eagle 0 <1 Northern Harrier <1 <1 1 Cooper s Hawk <1 <1 Sharp-shinned Hawk < Northern Goshawk <1 <1

26 /07 Species Average Daily ET Total banded Average Daily ET Total banded Red-tailed Hawk <1 <1 American Kestrel 1 1 Merlin <1 <1 Peregrine Falcon 0 <1 Gyrfalcon <1 0 Ruffed Grouse 2 3 Dusky Grouse <1 0 Sora 0 <1 Virginia Rail <1 <1 American Coot 0 <1 Killdeer <1 <1 Greater Yellowlegs <1 <1 Lesser Yellowlegs 0 <1 Solitary Sandpiper 0 <1 Least Sandpiper <1 <1 Spotted Sandpiper <1 1 Wilson s Snipe <1 <1 Wilson s Phalarope <1 <1 Red-necked Phalarope <1 0 Bonaparte s Gull 0 <1 Mew Gull <1 <1 Herring Gull <1 <1 Ring-billed Gull <1 <1 Common Tern 0 <1 Mourning Dove <1 <1 Great Horned Owl <1 <1 Barred Owl <1 0 Northern Saw-whet Owl <1 <1 Black Swift <1 <1 Rufous Hummingbird <1 <1 Belted Kingfisher Red-naped Sapsucker < Red-breasted Sapsucker 0 <1 1 Downy Woodpecker Hairy Woodpecker Black-backed Woodpecker <1 <1 Pileated Woodpecker <1 1

27 /07 Species Average Daily ET Total banded Average Daily ET Total banded Red-shafted Flicker Olive-sided Flycatcher <1 1 <1 3 Western Wood-pewee <1 3 <1 3 Alder Flycatcher < Willow Flycatcher < Unknown Willow/Alder <1 7 <1 32 Least Flycatcher <1 9 <1 7 Hammond s Flycatcher <1 4 <1 14 Dusky Flycatcher Pacific-slope Flycatcher <1 5 <1 3 Northern Shrike <1 0 Cassin s Vireo <1 2 <1 6 Warbling Vireo Red-eyed Vireo < Gray Jay <1 <1 Steller s Jay <1 <1 3 Clark s Nutcracker 3 5 American Crow Common Raven 1 3 Horned Lark <1 1 Tree Swallow <1 <1 Violet-green Swallow 1 2 Northern Rough-winged Swallow <1 1 Bank Swallow 0 <1 Cliff Swallow <1 <1 Barn Swallow <1 2 Black-capped Chickadee Mountain Chickadee Chestnut-backed Chickadee <1 <1 Boreal Chickadee <1 7 <1 Red-breasted Nuthatch Brown Creeper <1 3 <1 7 Winter Wren <1 2 <1 3 Marsh Wren <1 1 <1 2 Golden-crowned Kinglet Ruby-crowned Kinglet Mountain Bluebird <1 1

28 /07 Species Average Daily ET Total banded Average Daily ET Total banded Townsend s Solitaire <1 <1 1 Swainson s Thrush Hermit Thrush <1 7 <1 24 American Robin Varied Thrush <1 3 <1 3 American Pipit 5 5 Gray Catbird <1 1 <1 Cedar Waxwing Bohemian Waxwing 0 <1 European Starling <1 3 Tennessee Warbler <1 1 <1 1 Orange-crowned Warbler Nashville Warbler <1 2 <1 3 Yellow Warbler Yellow-rumped Warbler Townsend s Warbler <1 2 <1 17 Blackpoll Warbler 0 <1 3 Chestnut-sided Warbler 0 0 Magnolia Warbler <1 <1 2 American Redstart Black and White Warbler <1 1 0 Northern Waterthrush MacGillivray s Warbler Common Yellowthroat Wilson s Warbler Western Tanager Lapland Longspur <1 0 Spotted Towhee <1 <1 4 Chipping Sparrow Vesper Sparrow 1 6 <1 4 Savannah Sparrow Fox Sparrow <1 2 <1 14 Song Sparrow Lincoln s Sparrow Swamp Sparrow <1 2 <1 White-throated Sparrow <1 2 <1 White-crowned Sparrow

29 /07 Species Average Daily ET Total banded Average Daily ET Total banded Golden-crowned Sparrow <1 2 <1 3 Oregon Junco Bullock's Oriole 0 <1 Western Meadowlark 1 2 Yellow-headed Blackbird 0 <1 Red-winged Blackbird Brewer s Blackbird <1 4 Rusty Blackbird <1 <1 Brown-headed Cowbird <1 <1 Pine Grosbeak 0 <1 Lazuli Bunting <1 10 <1 7 Purple Finch <1 8 <1 1 Cassin's Finch 0 <1 Red Crossbill <1 5 White-winged Crossbill 2 4 Pine Siskin Evening Grosbeak 1 3