Golden-cheecked Warbler in Central America Pine-oak Forest Ecoregion

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1 Golden-cheecked Warbler in Central America Pine-oak Forest Ecoregion Ana José Cóbar-Carranza 1, Efraín Castillejos-Castellanos 2, Manolo García Vettorazzi 1, and Claudia Macias Caballero 2. 1 Universidad San Carlos de Guatemala. 2 Pronatura Sur A.C Golden-cheeked Warbler and Black-capped Vireo Symposium Austin Texas January 2016

2 GCWA migrates through the mountains of eastern Mexico along the Sierra Madre Oriental in the states of Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, Queretaro, Veracruz and Chiapas.

3 When arrive to winter grounds, It spends winter in temperate forests of Chiapas (Mexico), Guatemala, Salvador Honduras & Nicaragua.

4 Pronatura Sur studies winter ecology of GCWA in Highlands of Chiapas Timeline GCWA Studies in winter 1999 Pronatura Sur (México) and defensores de la Naturaleza (Guatemala) studies distribution and ecology of GCWA in winter grounds grounds. The Alliance was established during mesoamerican society for biological conservation meeting in Chiapas First regional proyect. The Alliance apply standard protocol to monitoring GCWA in winter grounds (TPWD) SalvaNatura starts birds monitoring in pine-oak forest (Montecristo, El Salvador) Defensores de la Naturaleza establishes conservation project for GCWA in Sierra de las Minas Biosphere Reserve (Guatemala) Defensores de la Naturaleza facilitate a regional workshop for GCWA Conservation in winter grounds. First protocol. The Alliance develop a standar protocol for a regional monitoring of GCWA

5 Standard Methodologies & Regionals Monitoring Projects Increase knowledge about GCWA in winter grounds

6 Habitat use What we know.. Populations tendencies of GCWA Potential distribution of GCWA in the Central America Pine-oak Forest Ecoregion Mixed species flocks dynamic

7 With the support of Section 6 Endangered Species Act funds (U.S.F.W.S.), administered by Texas Parks & Wildlife Department. ECOLOGY AND MONITORING OF GOLDEN- CHEEKED WARBLERS THROUGHOUT THEIR WINTER RANGE Institutional collaboration among Pronatura Sur (Mexico). Defensores de la Naturaleza (Guatemala). SalvaNATURA (El Salvador). Fundacion-Gaia, ALAS, The Nature Conservancy & MARENA (Nicaragua). Fundación EDUCA, The Nature Conservancy, Centro Zamorano de Biodiversidad & SERNA (Honduras). The Nature Conservancy-Texas & Zoo Conservation Outreach Group (USA).

8 Methodology Four- year project ( , , and ). Each winter from November to February 5 teams in 5 countries (Chiapas- Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua). 5 localihes per country. Each locality studied 5 mixed foraging flocks of insechvorous birds. Protocol included 2 observers following each flock for 4 h in the morning and describing vegetahon in area occupied by flock. AOer four seasons, we have data from over 600 flocks (440 Golden- cheeked Warblers records).

9 Why do we study mixed foraging flocks GCWA has a special behavior when arrives to winter grounds. Golden Cheeked Warbler Townsend s Warbler GCWA join mixed foraging flocks during the morning to search food into the forests. Black-throated Green Warbler Hermit Warbler Black-and-white Warbler Slate-throated Redstart

10 RESULTS Efect of habitat characteristics Applied Multiple regression - 19 variables midlevel encino cover (2-10 m) (P=0.000, R 2 = 11.9%) Tree Maximum height (P=0.005, R 2 = 2.0%) Canopy encino cover (alto, > 10 m) (P=0.007, R 2 = 1.0%)

11 Tree where GCWA were first sighted male type female type all 50 0 pine roble encino Quercus sp. sweetgum broadleaf tree taxon

12 Population Tendencies Table. GLM analysis of absolute abundance of GCWA per migration season Es8mator Standard Error Z Value Pr(> z ) Intercept Season Season Season No significant differences between migration season - The abundance of GCWA is stable Figure. Absolute abundance of GCWA per migrahon season

13 Table. GLM analysis of absolute abundance of GCWA by country and migration season Country Es8mator Standard Error z Value Pr(> z ) GUATEMALA Intercept Season Season Season HONDURAS Intercept Season * Season * Season * MÉXICO Intercept Season * Season Season NICARAGUA Intercept Season Season Season EL SALVADOR Intercept Season Season Season

14 In Mexico the season a higher number of GCWA was recorded (season No. GCWA= 41, χ=26.2 ± 5) and more monitoring sites were surveyed. In Honduras the season showed the lowest number of GCWA in comparison to other seasons (season No. GCWA= 19, χ=26.3 ± 2.6).

15 RELATIVE ABUNDANCE 55 monitoring sites 44 presence of S. chrysoparia is reported

16 Country Monitoring site No. GCWA/ flock Status Reforma 3 Sierra Morena 1.5 Laguna Cochi 1.1 México Arcotetes 1 Very common Moxviquil 1 Tres Picos 1 Buenos Aires 1 Cubulco 1.4 Very common Guatemala San Jerónimo 0.95 San Lorenzo Mármol 0.8 Common Uyuca 2.43 Honduras La Tigra 1.61 Very common La Muralla 1 El Salvador Parque Nacional Montecristo 1.05 Very common El Manzano 0.75 Common Nicaragua Miramar 0.5 Common

17 Potential Distribution Variables: - Altitud - 19 bioclimatic var. Record of presence Less probability More probability

18 Countries Potential habitat (km 2 ) % Guatemala 21, Honduras 15, México 12, Nicaragua 3, El Salvador TOTAL 53, Central America Pine Oak Ecoregion GCWA potential habitat

19 Challenges for the future Determine population density of GCWA Are there changes in population of GCWA in the monitoring sites? Characterize the habitat of the GCWA Which are the key species of the habitat? Which are determining factors in the habitat (plant species richness, structure, others) to ensure the presence and abundance of GCWA?

20 Acknowledges: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Section 6 grant program (Endangered Species Act fund) and Texas Parks and Wildlife Department for the grants for fieldwork Neotropical Migratory Conservation Act grant for the analysis Pronatura Sur in México, Fundación Defensores de la Naturaleza in Guatemala,SalvaNATURA in El Salvador and FUNDECI/GAIA in Nicaragua Members of the Alliance for the Conservation of Pine Oak Forests in Mesoamerica.

21 THANKS!! Foto Carlos Funes.

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