RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF BIRDS AS INDICATORS OF ECOSYSTEM STATE: CAMPUS OF THE UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA LA MOLINA (UNALM)

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1 RELATIVE ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF BIRDS AS INDICATORS OF ECOSYSTEM STATE: CAMPUS OF THE UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA LA MOLINA (UNALM) Blga. Lucía Castillo Palacios Mg Sc. Zulema Quinteros Carlos

2 IMPORTANCE UNALM campus: Highly diverse ecosystem afected by antropic processes. Important to know its state using biological indicator: Birds from its diversity and relative abundance Provide useful information future investigations

3 Determine the relative abundance and diveristy of the bird community, as well as its temporal and spatial distribution OBJECTIVES Propose the functional groups and keystone species To analize the relative abundance and diversity of birds as indicators of the state of the UNALM campus Using the the diversity and the abundance, define the atractors of the ecosystem

4 AREA OF STUDY Location: La Molina Lima Peru. Area: 230 Ha PP: 11.9 mm T : 20 C

5 METHODOLOGY BIRD COMMUNITY Monthly Census :. Second or Third Saturdays AM Nov 2011 Oct 2012 Fixed-Width Transects The observer walks along the transect with a constant speed, registering all the species during that time. Width: 30 meters. 40 transects

6 METHODOLOGY Concept Method Formula Abundance Relative Abundance to Space Index Number of individuals registered in 100 meters (Ind/100m) (N individuals /Transect Distant)x100 Diversity Shannon Weaver Index (bits) H = - Σp i (log 2 p i ) Specific Richness Margalef Index D mg = (S-1) / ln N Evennes Pielou Index J=H /H max H max = log 2 S

7 METHODOLOGY Analisys For Diversity and Relative Abundance Temporal Analysis Graphics in excel Confidence intervals for the mean (Berenson et al, 2006): I. C = X ± t /2(S/ N) Spatial Analisys Contour maps on Surfer Multivariate analysis Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analisys NP Manova

8 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 1. COMPOSITION OF THE BIRD COMMUNITY 44 Species 22 Families 13 Orders

9 2. ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE

10 2.1.TEMPORAL ANALYSIS Variation of the Relative Abundance (RASI in the 40 transects evaluated. Dec, Jan Jun, Sep

11 2.2. SPATIAL ANALYSIS Contour map showing the distribution of the Relative Abundance (RASI average)

12 2.3. MULTIVARIATE ANALISYS Principal Components Analisys for the evaluated months using RASI Dendrogram of the RASI data of the birds in the UNALM (Nov 2011-Oct 2012) Euclidean distances

13 3. ANALYSIS OF THE DIVERSITY 3.1. TEMPORAL ANALYSIS Jul, May Oct, Jan Diversity variation(shannon Weaver Index (H), Specific Richness (R.E) y Equity (J) in the 40 evaluated trasects (Nov Dec 2012)

14 3.2. SPATIAL ANALYSIS Contour map of the distribution of the average diversity of birds in the UNALM campus

15 3.3. MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS Principal Components Analysis for the months evaluated using the diversity. Dendrogram of the diversity data of the birds in the UNALM (Nov 2011-Oct 2012) Euclidean distance

16 4.FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AND KEYSTONE SPECIES Functional Gr oup Keystone Specie Insectivores Pygochelidon cyanoleuca Granivores Columbina cruzia na Granivores-Frugivorous Sporophila sp. Carnivores Pa ra buteo unicinctus Nectativorous Ama zilia a ma zilia Frugivorous Thra upis episcopus Granivores-Omnivores Zena ida meloda Insectivores-Omnivores Crotopha ga sulcirostris Scavengers Cora gyps a tra tus Nectarivoruos-InsectivoresCoereba fla veola Insectivores-Carnivores Athene cunicula ria Omnivores Mimus longica uda tus

17 GRANIVORES - OMNIVOROUS Zenaida meloda WEST PERUVIAN DOVE

18 OMNIVOROUS Mimus longicaudatus LONG-TAILED MOCKINGBIRD Habitat Elements P-value Constructions Stables H../Scrubs Water Naked Land

19 GRANIVOROUS - FRUGIVOROUS Sporophila telasco CHESTNUT-THROATED SEEDEATER Habitat Elements P-value Reproductive Fruits Fields Plowed Fields Resting Fields Vegetative Fruit Fields Living Border

20 CONCLUSIONS The UNALM campus presents as a diverse ecosytem with 44 bird species, with a community structure of a few dominant species and several non-dominant species. Relative Abundance: Temporaly does changed due to the abundance of some species in certain months, on the other hand the spatial distribution it is segregated, having a strong core in the stables due to the presence of certain birds. Diversity: Even though there is no much difference during the months the change in the composition separate two states defined by the migration of species entering the campus. The spatial distribution on the campus may be related to the habitats diversity 14 funtional groups: expression of the trophic plasticity of many species. Asociation of keystone species to specific habitats: Long Tailed Mockingbird (Mimus longicaudatus); Seedeaters (Sporophila sp). No keystone species suggested is in any conservation category. West peruvian dove as keystone specie for the campus could indicate the increasing of urbanization

21 The analysis of the diversity and relative abundance: useful for the description of the states of the ecosystem UNALM. The richness of the habitats in the campus, contribute to have a diverse birdlife in comparison with the rest of the district (mainly urban) This situation makes important to maintain places such as the UNALM campus inside cities with a constant urban growth. It is recommended to: continue with the monthly census (comparison through the years); amplify the study area, monitoring the keystone species; use the information for decisions regarding the campus planning.

22 THANKS TO Laboratorio de Ecología de Procesos (LEP) Mg. Sc Zulema Quinteros Dr. Edgar Sánchez. Mg.Sc Ing. Víctor Peña Guillén. CONCYTEC All the students and biologists that help it out with the census and pictures