1. Monitoring Breeding Colonial Waterbirds in the U.S. Great Lakes Francie Cuthbert, University of Minnesota

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1 Appendix E Avian Research Presentation Slides Presentations 1. Monitoring Breeding Colonial Waterbirds in the U.S. Great Lakes Francie Cuthbert, University of Minnesota 2. Distribution and Abundance of Diving Ducks and Other Waterbirds on Lake St. Clair and W. Lake Erie: Implications for Wind Energy Development August Froehlich, The Nature Conservancy 3. How On shore Nocturnal Migration Can Inform Us about Off shore Migration: Insight from an Avian Radar and Acoustic Monitor Study Jeff Gosse, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1

2 Monitoring Breeding Colonial Waterbirds in the U.S. Great Lakes F.J. Cuthbert, U of Minnesota-Twin Cities L.R. Wires, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

3 U Minnesota Great Lakes Waterbird Databases 1. Binational Great Lakes Colonial Waterbird Database (since mid-1970s) 2. Priority Census/Conservation Colony Site Database (since 2011) 3. Double-crested Cormorant Biennial Census (since 2005) 4. Great Lakes Piping Plover Population Database (since 1993)

4 CWS & USFWS: 4 Great Lakes-wide Colonial Waterbird Surveys (GLCWS) Identify all colony locations up to 1 km inland Estimate population sizes of all species Assess changes in population numbers & distributions over time

5 Binational Colonial Waterbird Study Area: LS LM LH & St. Marys River LE & L. St. Clair, Detroit and Niagara Rivers LO & St. Lawrence River

6 Who are the Great Lakes Colonial Waterbirds? 17 species recorded breeding at > 2000 sites > 2 million breeding adults Nest in colonies: several pairs to ~ 50,000 pairs Represent diverse orders: Cormorants and pelicans (2) Ibises (1) Herons and egrets (6) Gulls (4) and terns (4)

7 10 species regularly nest in significant numbers

8

9 Uncommon nesting colonial waterbirds in the Great Lakes

10 Why is this group of birds important in the Great Lakes? Recreation and education opportunities Most visible/abundant vertebrate Indicators of environmental change Aesthetics Relatively easy to study and monitor Large sample size Occur in all Great Lakes and rivers

11 Threats to Colonial Waterbirds in the Great Lakes Invasive species Wind energy development Contaminants Recreation Conflict with humans over resource use Climate change Water level issues Disease

12 METHODS

13 Traditional direct nest counts

14 Estimates from aerial photos

15 Examples of colony sites

16 All Species Colonial Waterbird Comparison 4 th U.S. Census

17 Abundance, distribution, trends All Others HERG DCCO RBGU P a i r s s 80s 90s 00s

18 Thirty years of US Great Lakes monitoring data > 800 sites

19

20 Value of Waterbird Census and Data Long term trend detection Ecosystem perspective on trends Refinement of methodology Collaboration Conservation and management

21 Management of Abundant Species Ring-billed Gull WHY? E coli on beaches Nesting on roof tops Threat at airports Numbers alarm people

22 Management/conservation of special status species in the Great Lakes Region T E T E X E X Legal Status of Common Terns in the Great Lakes

23 Data used to develop regional waterbird conservation plans Upper Mississippi Valley Great Lakes Waterbird Conservation Plan (USFWS) Upper Mississippi River and Great Lakes Joint Venture. Waterbird Habitat Conservation Strategy USFWS

24 How Monitoring Informs Offshore Wind Development Provides information on seasonal presence of large numbers of birds Provides information on locations of colony sites and abundance estimates Identifies colony sites that are priorities for conservation Identifies sites occupied by species of conservation concern

25 Acknowledgments State IL IN USDA/APHIS-WS IN Div of Wildlife Cooperators MI USDA/APHIS-WSBay Mills Ind. Comm.; B. Scharf; Boy Scouts of America; Central MI Un; Detroit Zoo; DTE Energy Corporate Services; Grand Traverse Band Ottawa & Chippewa Ind; K. Grasman, Calvin College; MI DNR; MI Nature Association; NPS-Sleeping Bear Dunes NL; Shiawassee NWR; U of MI Bio Stat; USFWS, E. Lansing Ofc.; MN NY OH WI MN DNR; U of MN Lee Harper, St. Lawrence Bird Observatory; NY State Dept. Env. Cons. OH Div of Wildlife Horicon NWR;NPS- Apostle Islands NL; Richter Museum of Natural History; WI DNR; USDA/APHIS-WS Funding: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 7 States; 26 Participants

26 Migratory Bird Stopover Habitat

27 Stopover Project Goals Identify attributes of stopover sites for all groups of birds. Map sites with these attributes. Provide a mechanism for considering stopover habitat distribution in regional biodiversity conservation planning & in planning led by others. Through outreach to traditional and new partners, protect more sites. glmigratorybirds.org

28 Conservation challenges Value of sites varies with season, weather conditions, landscape context, by bird group, etc. Full service hotel vs. fire escape? Want both! Hard to compare & rank. A few great sites is not enough need network. glmigratorybirds.org

29 Mapping challenges Need consistent data across large areas. Value of sites varies, but need relatively simple rules. Need to make a lot of decisions (minimum spatial unit, scoring thresholds, etc.), and it s very challenging to fully test the impact of the methodological choices on maps. glmigratorybirds.org

30 Portal challenges Balancing complexity and ease of use in terms of data & models. Anticipating the needs of users what else would be helpful to tell the story. What outputs are most useful & compelling? Balancing the need to provide additional information with our capacity to keep what is there current. Key partnerships & long term maintenance. glmigratorybirds.org

31 Review: Scope and Scale Study area = 25 km band around Great Lakes & connecting waters, except Superior (key input: radar showing migrant density). 3 groups: landbirds & raptors, waterfowl, shorebirds. Minimum spatial unit = 1 hectare (roughly 2.5 acres) glmigratorybirds.org

32 Review: Data layers Land cover & protected lands. Land cover translated to habitat. Neighborhood values Stopover model results (sum of scores for habitat, distance factors, patch factors, neighborhoods ). 3 or 5 km glmigratorybirds.org

33 The web portal team glmigratorybirds.org glmigratorybirds.org

34 Partners glmigratorybirds.org

35 Jeff Gosse, Tim Bowden, Daniel Nolfi, Nathan Rathbun, Rebecca Horton, Eik Erik Olson, David Larson, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3 Ecological Services Funded by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative

36 DeTect Inc. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Photo

37

38 GJ2

39 Slide 4 GJ2 Again, map would be improved with updating with actual sites for Spring 2013 and added sites for Fall 2013 Gosse, Jeff, 10/18/2013

40

41 HORIZONTAL RADAR VERTICAL RADAR DeTect Inc.

42 Night Dawn

43 10,498Targets 14, 269 Targets

44

45 4/23 20:00 00 HOURS 4/24 3:00 HOURS

46

47

48

49 BEAM VIEW PARALLEL TO DIRECTION OF ROTATION 2,800 m 1,200 m width 60 m width 200 m agl Ground Level 0 m

50 1% of the volume sampled is below 150 m; 99% above 1% of the volume sampled is below 150 m; 99% above 150 m.

51 J

52 Slide 16 JCG1 I think we should add a dotted line at 400 m to anticipate the next graph. Gosse, Jeff, 1/7/2014

53 If we have 100 targets with 80 targets at 100 m and 20 targets at 1,000 m; the mean altitude is 280 m although 80% of the targets are in the RSZ constantine.typepad.com

54 From K. Heist, U. of MN

55 From Kevin Heist, U. of MN

56 Mean and Median Bat Passes per Night, by Region Great Lakes From Heist et al. draft publication Mean Median

57 Seasonal migration periods found on- shore will be similar for off-shore The pulsed nature of migration will be even more true for off-shore The majority of migrants are nocturnal so appropriate techniques will be required M i t f ll th h li b t Many migrants follow the shoreline but fly over open water from 2 to 6 miles out

58 Occasionally we observe crossing open water Open water crossing appears to vary by location and season While on-shore migration tends to peak around midnight, lake crossings will probably peak from 20:00 to 01:00 hours

59 Be wary of findings stating that migrants are not flying within the rotorswept zone. While narrow areas and island chains may be likely crossing lanes, it appears that targets may occasionally cross at any area. aea. Expect the unexpected

60

61

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