Contents CATALOGUE CONTENTS... INTRODUCTION PURIFICATION RITUALS. The Temple... 5 The Offerings... 11

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1 Contents CONTENTS... V INTRODUCTION The Temple... 5 The Offerings CATALOGUE PURIFICATION RITUALS 1. Water Libations with Ewers Purification of Tablets of Natron Ritual Purifications Purifying the Territory of Horus in the Delta Bringing the Water into the Temple Sprinkling the Water on the Ground, on the Altars Purification with the Nemset-Jar Purifying with the Four Jars of Water Four Vases Purifying the King, Purifying the God Breaking the Red Vases Purifying with the Eight Cups of Water V

2 13. Jar for Khnum Vase of Life and Precious Vases Purification by Water and by Incense Purification by Incense Alone Natron and Styrax BEVERAGES 1. Wine Mulled Wine Elixir of Courage Beer The Inebriation of Goddesses Milk FOOD RITUALS 1. The Great Offering The Great List, or Enumeration of Offerings Funerary Offering Ritual Offerings Tray of Offerings Performing the Offerings Bestowing the Divine Offerings FOOD OFFERINGS : BREAD VI 1. Bread Shenes-Bread Sha-Bread White Bread Cakes Bread and Beer... 74

FOOD OFFERINGS : MEAT 1. Choice Cuts... 77 2. Roasted Meat... 79 3. Pieces of Meat... 80 4. Meat on the Altar... 81 5. Placing the Selected Pieces on the Fire... 82 6. Setting up the Brazier... 82 7.

3 FOOD OFFERINGS : MEAT 1. Choice Cuts Roasted Meat Pieces of Meat Meat on the Altar Placing the Selected Pieces on the Fire Setting up the Brazier Geese and Roasted Goose Bread and Geese Papyrus and Geese Floral Staff and Birds PRODUCE OF THE LAND 1. Countryside Plants and Mounted Bouquets Flower Garland Willow Lettuce of Min Lotus Papyrus of Goddesses Papyrus Offered to Horus Papyrus and Lotus Offered to Horus Papyrus and Rushes Palm of the Necropolis Cereals from Upper and Lower Egypt Harvesting Barley Vase Containing Cereals Dates Figs Honey Onions VII

4 FABRICS, OINTMENTS AND PRECIOUS STONES 1. Fabrics Associated with Ointment Leather Fabric Horizon of the Lotus Fabric of the Sacred Staff Swaddling Clothes The New Year Fabric, a Band for Isis The Funerary Ritual Ointments and Oils Myrrh Golden Burner for Oil of Lotus Eye Shadows Precious Stones : Lapis-Lazuli, Carnelian, Turquoise Bag of Gold, of Silver and Precious Stones ADORNMENTS : CROWNS 1. Crowns of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt Crown of Horus Crown of Horus with Two or Four Feathers Crown of Power Crown of Harsomtus with Two Feathers Crown of Ptah-Osiris and Khnum Lunar Crown of Khonsu Crown of Onuris-Shu with Four Feathers Crown of Amun Nemes-Headcloth and Atef-Crown Headband of Horus Crowns of Hathor and Isis Red Crown for Wadjet VIII

5 PECTORALS, NECKLACES AND BRACELETS 1. Pectoral Decorative Pectorals Large Helioliopolitan Necklace Manekh-Pectoral Gold Bracelets Pectoral of Heart of Gold Amulets Image of the Child Image of Ra Lapis-Lazuli Scarab Golden Falcon Golden Falcon and Vulture Amulets of the Falcon and the Goddess Isis Turquoise Ba-Bird Ram in the Great Temple Protective Amulets ADORNMENTS : SCEPTRES, URAEI 1. Sacred Staves Three Scepters Sign of Life Sign of Life and Sceptre of Power Sceptres of Command Property Deeds and Inheritance Charter of Abydos Offering an Uraeus Offering the Two Uraei IX

6 OFFERINGS SPECIFIC TO THE GODDESSES 1. Sistra Menit-Necklace Mirrors Headband of Electrum Clepsydra Symbol of Power Mammisi Papyriform Faience Sceptre Appeasing Hathor Appeasing Sekhmet Dusting with Gold and Powdered Green Faience VARIOUS RITUALS FOR THE GODS 1. Headband of Victory Headband of Palms Palette, Pens and Container of Thoth Pole of Min Dance of Shu The Potter s Wheel Modelling of the Egg COSMIC AND SYMBOLIC RITUALS 1. Maat Wedjat-Eye Bouquet of Eternity Lifting the Sky Eastern and Western Horizon X

7 6. Morning and Evening Barques The Royal Race Obelisk and Pillar FUNERARY RITUALS 1. Opening of the Mouth, Adze of Anubis, Flint Blade Procession of Sokar Consecrating the Four Chests with Fabrics Driving the Four Calves DEFENSIVE RITUALS 1. Bow and Arrows White Macehead The Sword of Horus of Letopolis Scepter of Vigour Spear and Harpoon Slaying the Enemy Stick of the Fowler Laying the Donkey Slaying the Bull Herds Slaying the Hippopotamus Slaying the Crocodile Slaying the Oryx Striking the Eye of Apophis Slaying the Serpent Slaying the Turtle XI

8 CONCLUSION Gods and Offerings: the Unity of Egypt Tradition and Innovations APPENDICES ROYAL RITUALS 1. Leaving the Palace Royal Purification Placing the Crowns Royal Presentation Seeing the God Prostrating Oneself before the God THE FOUNDATION OF THE TEMPLE 1. Stretching the Cord Digging the Trench Pouring the Sand Shaping the Brick Placing the 17 Sacred Bricks in the Foundation Sprinkling Natron Constructing the Temple Giving the Temple to the God Inaugurating the Temple, Accomplishing the Festival Ritual XII

9 DIVINE RITUAL 1. Illuminating the Temple Entering the Temple Adoring the God Leaving the Temple THE ECONOMIC REALITY The Foundations: Virtual Fecundity The Economy of the Temple DECORATIVE PROGRAMS The Famous Hypostyle Hall at Karnak The Exterior Wall of the Temple of Amun of Karnak XIII

All About Egypt. 3D Pyramid. Egyptian Pyramid and Sphinx Colouring Sheet. Egyptian Sarcophagus and Canopic Jars. Egyptian Cartouche and Hieroglyphs

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