UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR MAY 15, 1913

Transcription

1 U. S. D E P A R T M E N T OF LABO R, BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ROYAL MEEKER, Commissioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES \ (WHOLE 1 yl ^ BUREAU OF LABOR S T A T IS T IC S / * * (NUMBER JLt J W AGES AND H O U R S OF L A B O R ' SE'RIES: No. 7 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR MAY 15, 1913 MARCH 4, 1914 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1914

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3 CONTENTS. Union scale of wages and hours of labor, May 15, 1913: page. General summary Relative hours of week, relative rates of hour, and relative earnings on full time, in certain trades, 1907 to T able I. Union scale of wages and hours of labor in each city, by trades, on May 15, 1912 and Table II. Union scale of wages and hours of labor in each trade, by cities, on May 15, 1912 and

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5 BULLETIN OF THE U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. WHOLE NO WASHINGTON. MARCH 4, UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, GENERAL SUMMARY. This report shows the union scale of wages and hours of labor prevailing on May 15, 1913, in the principal mechanical trades in 40 important industrial cities in the United States. Union scales in 39 cities on May 15 each year from 1907 to 1912, inclusive, for approximately the same trades were published in Bulletin No. 131 of this Bureau. The detail figures of this report are published in two general tables, entitled: T a b l e I. Union scale of wages and hours of labor in each city, by trades, on May 15,1912 and 1913 (pp. 14 to 78). T a b l e II. Union scale of wages and hours of labor in each trade, by cities, on May 15, 1912 and 1913 (pp. 79 to 150). For comparison, the scale on May 15, 1912, is shown in parallel column with the scale on May 15, The figures appearing in Table I for each respective city are repeated in Table II, where all of the figures from the several cities relating to a trade are brought together. The trades are divided into seven groups, as follows: Bakery trades. Building trades. Granite and stone trades. Metal trades. Millwork. Printing trades, book and job. Printing trades, newspaper. The 40 cities included in this report are important industrial cities located in 32 States. In a general way the city selected in each section of the country was the city having the largest population in that section; but, in addition, two smaller cities were included Fall River, which is a textile center in Massachusetts, and Scranton, which is situated in the anthracite coal region of Pennsylvania. Within these 40 cities live one-fifth of the total population, two-fifths 5

6 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUKEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. of the urban population, and approximately one-third of the total number engaged in gainful occupations (not including those in agricultural pursuits) m continental United States. The same cities are included in the Bureau s reports on retail prices. The cities included are as follows: North Atlantic States: Boston, Mass. Buffalo, N. Y. Fall River, Mass. Manchester, N. H. Newark, N. J. New Haven, Conn. New York, N. Y. Philadelphia, Pa. Pittsburgh, Pa, Providence, R. I. Scranton, Pa. South Atlantic States: Atlanta, Ga. Baltimore, Md. Charleston, S. 0. Jacksonville, Fla. Richmond, Ya. Washington, D. C. North Central States: Chicago, 111. Cincinnati, Ohio. Cleveland, Ohio. North Central States Concluded. Detroit, Mich. Indianapolis, Ind. Kansas City, Mo. Milwaukee, Wis. Minneapolis, Minn. Omaha, Nebr. St. Louis, Mo. St. Paul, Minn. South Central States: Birmingham, Ala. Dallas, Tex. Little Rock, Ark, Louisville, Ky. Memphis, Tenn. New Orleans, La. Western States: Denver, Colo. Los Angeles, Cal. Portland, Oreg. Salt Lake City, Utah. San Francisco, Cal. Seattle, Wash. The union scale, as the term is here used, is a definite statement of wages and hours of labor agreed to by an employer and an organization of union men and under which union men actually are working. The union scale fixes the limit in only one direction. It establishes a minimum wage below which a member of the union will not work and a maximum of hours beyond which he will not work at the regular rate of pay. This report shows such minimum wages and maximum hours as are established in the scale. In certain cities and trades, however, workmen are paid more than the union scale, and in some instances employees work regularly less than the scale of hours. This report does not include information concerning the extent to which workmen are paid more than the scale or work fewer hours than the scale, owing to the great amount of work that would be required to collect such information. The trades for which the union scale is given in this Bulletin are shown in the following table. This table gives, for each trade, percentages indicating the change in rates of wages in a full week in 1913 as compared with rates of wages in a full week in each preceding year back to 1907 in all cities covered, taken collectively. The year 1907 was the first for which the Bureau collected figures concerning the union scales of the country. This table is computed from the relative weekly rates of wages on full time appearing in the table on page 10. As an illustration, the table shows that the

7 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LAB OR ^ M AY 15, rates of wages of bakers (first hands) in a full week in 1913 were 3.1 per cent higher than the rates of wages in a full week in 1907, 4.2 per cent higher than the rates of wages of a full week in 1908, etc. W ith the exception of one trade, the union scales in the trades covered were higher in 1913 than in 1912, and in many of the trades a marked advance is shown in 1913 over the earlier years of the period. PER CENT OF INCREASE IN RATES OF WAGES PER WEEK ON FULL TIME, 1913, COM PARED WITH EACH OF THE SIX YEARS PRECEDING. Occupations. Per cent higher in 1913 than in Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands.... Bakers, second hands... Bakers, third hands... Building trades. Bricklayers... Bricklayers, sewer and caisson... Building laborers.... Carpenters Cement workers, finishers.... Cement workers* helpers.... Cement workers laborers.... Hod carriers... Inside wiremen Inside wiremen s helpers... Inside wiremen, fixture hangers... Lathers... Marble setters... Painters... Painters, fresco... Plasterers... Plasterers laborers Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers... Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers.... Stonemasons.... Structural iron workers.... Structural iron workers, finishers... Structural iron workers, finishers helpers. Tile layers.... Tile layers helpers... Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters... Stonecutters... Metal trades. Blacksmiths... Blacksmiths helpers... Boiler makers... Boiler makers helpers... Core makers... Foundry laborers... Machinists... Holders, iron... Pattern makers, wood... Millworlc. Carpenters... Painters, hardwood finishers... Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders... Compositors... Electrotypers: Battery men and builders... Finishers Holders.... 1No data ) C1) C1) (0 C1) ) C1) C1) C1) ) C1) C1) 0 ) Q) ) C1) C1) S fi) C1) 0) 2.1 V) v ) C) P) 1.6 v) 0) C1) h C1) 4.7 Q) 0 ) C1) 0 ) C) ) C) 0) C1) 0) P 0) (0 <0 (2) C1) 0) 0) (0 0) No change.

8 8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. PER CENT OF INCREASE IN RATES OF WAGES PER WEEK ON FULL TIME, 1913, COM PARED WITH EACH OF THE SIX YEARS PRECEDING Concluded. Per cent higher in 1913 than in Printing trades, book and job Concluded. Linotype operators Machine tenders... <0 0 ) 0 ) 0 ) (0 1.3 Press feeders Pressmen, cylinder presses Pressmen, platen presses Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork Compositors, nightwork Linotype operators, daywork Linotype operators, nightwork Machine tenders, daywork... 0 ) (0 V) 1.5 Machine tenders, nightwork... (0 0 ). 8 C) 0 ).6 Pressmen, web presses, daywork Pressmen, web presses, nightwork Stereotypers, daywork Stereotypers, nightwork The union scales presented in this report are the time-rate scales only, except in the trades of compositors and linotype operators, for which the piece rates per 1,000 ems are shown in addition to time rates. The unit 1,000 ems is a standard unit and universally understood. It has not yet been feasible for the Bureau to enlarge the work and collect piece-rate scales in other trades. In localities where piece rates prevail almost exclusively and the time rate is provided for in the scale but is only infrequently used, such time rate has not been tabulated. The time scales state wages for different units of time: Under some scales the rate of wages are by the hour, others by the day, and others by the To make comparison easy the varying rates have been reduced to an hourly rate. When, for a period of more than three months of a year, the number of hours differed from those shown for May 15, the difference has been noted in the tables. The information published was obtained by special agents of the Bureau in personal visits to business agents and secretaries of the respective unions in the several cities. Wage scales, written agreements, and trade-union records were consulted wherever available. For all of the trades covered, a table of relative numbers has been computed covering all of the years back to 1907 for which the Bureau has figures. In this table the hour, the regular working hours per week, and the rates of week on full time in 1913 were taken as the basis or 100, and the differences in each preceding year were indicated by percentages. Thus, in the table below, the regular full-time hours per week of bakers (first hand) in 1907 were

9 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, per cent of what they were in In this same occupation the rate of hour on May 15, 1907, were 78.9 per cent of what they were on May 15, The increase in rates of hour were nearly counterbalanced by the reduction of working hours per week, so that while the time required to make a week s earnings was reduced the income per week would be but slightly increased. The relative rates of wages per full week in 1907 fof this occupation were 97 per cent of the rates of full week in The per cent of change in full-time rates of week in which 1913 is compared with each preceding year is shown in the table on pages 7 and 8. The rates of week, full time, means the rates for a week when no time is lost and no overtime worked. The relative rates of week, full time, were obtained by multiplying the relative rate of hour by the relative hours of This method was employed only to save time in the publication of the report. The relatives thus computed will vary but slightly from relatives based on averages of the actual rates per full In computing the relative hours of week and the relative rates of hour the figures for each city were given an importance (weighted) according to the approximate total membership of the union in the city. In Bulletin No. 131 a table was given of relative hours of labor and relative rates of hour, in. which the figures for 1907 were taken as the base (100). In the present Bulletin, as stated, the figures for 1913 have been taken as the base (100) and the figures for the preceding year recomputed to correspond. A study of the relative numbers shows a general tendency in all trades toward a reduction of hours of labor and an increase in the scale of wages.

10 10 REL OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. FRS OF LABOR PER W EEK, RELATIVE RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, RELATIVE RATES PER W EEK ON FULL TIME, 1907 TO Bakery trades. Building trades. Bakers, first hands. Bakers, second hands. Bakers, third hands. Bricklayers. Relative nominal fulltime hours per Relative rate of wages per Relative rate of wages per week, full time. Relative nominal fulltime hours per Relative rate of wages per Relative rate of per week, full time. Relative nominal fulltime hours per Relative rate of per Relative rate of per week, full time. Relative nominal fulltime hours per Relative rate of p er. Relative rate of per week, full time Building trades Continued. Bricklayers, sewer and caisson. Building laborers. Carpenters. Cement workers, finishers Building trades Continued. Cement workers' helpers. Cement workers laborers. Hod carriers. Inside wiremen Building trades Continued. Inside wiremen s helpers. Inside wiremen, fixture hangers. Lathers. Marble setters

11 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, RELATIVE HOURS OF LABOR PER W EEK, RELATIVE RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND RELATIVE RATES PER W EEK ON FULL TIME, 1907 TO 1913 Continued. Building trades Continued. Painters. Painters, fresco. Plasterers. Plasterers laborers. Year. Relative nominal fulltime hours per Relative rate of wages per Relative rate of wages per week, full time. Relative nominal fulltime hours per Relative rate of wages per Relative rate of wages per week, full time. Relative nominal fulltime hours per Relative rate of wages per Relative rate of wages per week, full time. Relative nominal fulltime hours per Relative rate of wages per Relative rate of wages per week, full time S Building trades Continued. Plumbers and gas fitters. Sheet-metal workers. Steam fitters. Steam fitters helpers Building trades Continued. Stonemasons. Structural ironworkers. Structural ironworkers, finishers. Structural ironworkers, finishers, helpers i Building trades Concluded. Granite and stone trades. Tile layers. Tile layers helpers. Granite cutters. Stonecutters

12 12 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. RELATIVE HOURS OF LABOR PER W EEK, RELATIVE RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND RELATIVE RATES PER W EEK ON FULL TIME, 1907 TO 1913 Continued. Metal trades. Blacksmiths. Blacksmiths helpers. Boiler makers. Boiler makers helpers. Year. Relative nominal fulltime hours per Relative rate of wages per Relative rate of wages per week, full time. Relative nominal fulltime hours per Relar tive rate of wages per Relative rate of wages per week, full time. Relative nominal fulltime hours per Relative rate of wages per Relative rate of wages per week, full time. Relative nominal fulltime hours per Relative rate of wages per Relative rate of wages per week, full time Metal trades Continued. Core makers. Foundry laborers. Machinists. Molders, iron ioo.o Metal trades Concluded. Millwork. Printing trades: Book and job. Pattern makers, wood. Carpenters. Painters, hardwood finishers. Bookbinders , Printing trades: Book and job Continued. Compositors. Electrotypers, battery men and builders. Electrotypers, finishers. Electrotypers, molders

13 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, RELATIVE HOURS OF LABOR PER W EEK, RELATIVE RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND RELATIVE RATES PER W EEK ON FULL TIME, 1907 TO 1913 Concluded. Printing trades: Book and job Continued. Linotype operators. Machine tenders. Machinist operators. Press feeders. Year. Relative nominal fulltime hours per Relative rate of wages per Relative rate of wages per week, full time. Relative nominal fulltime hours per Relative rate of wages per Relative rate of wages per week, full time. Relative nominal fulltime hours per Relative rate of wages per Relative rate of wages per week, full time. Relar tive nominal fulltime hours per Relative rate of wages per Relative rate of wages per week, full time Printing trades: Book and job Concld. Printing trades: Newspaper. Pressmen, cylinder Pressmen, platen Compositors, day- Compositors, nightpresses. presses. work. work Printing trades: Newspaper Continued. Linotype operators, Linotype operators, Machine tenders, Machine tenders, dlaywork. night work. daywork. nightwork Printing trades: Newspaper Concluded. Pressmen, web Pressmen, web Stereotypers, day- Stereotypers, nightpresses, daywork. presses, nightwork. work. work ipi

14 14 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND ATLANTA, GA. May 15,1912. May 15, Trade. Building trades. Carpenters $ $0 Engineers, hoisting and portable: Boom derrick Hoist... 49* Tn.sido wiremp.n Tnsidft wirpm fin's hplpprs Mftrhi a mi tlp.rs fi nd ppsttfirs....,. Marble cutters and setters7helpers... Painters Plasterers Plumbers and gas fitters Sheet-metal workers: Manufacturing shops Railroad shops, road C... Railroad shops, road E... Railroad shops, roar! "R r Railroad shops, road A Steam fitters Steam fitters' helpers Stonemasons Structural ironworkers Structural ironworkers, finishers... Structural ironworkers, finishers helpers Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters: Inside men Machine men Ou tside men Stonecutters... Metal trades. Blacksmiths Manufacturing shops Railroad shops, road E Railroad shops, road D... Railroad shops, road B Railroad shops, road A Boiler makers: Manufacturing shops Manufacturing shops Manufacturing shops Railroad shops, road C Railroad shops, road A Railroad shops, road B Core makers... Machinists: Manufacturing shops Railroad shops, road E Railroad shops, road F Railroad shops, road A Railroad shops, road B Molders: Iron Brass Pattern makers, wood... Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders... Compositors Compositors (makers-up and stonemen)... Electrotypers, floor m en... Electrotypers, molders and finishers Linotype operators... Press feeders, cylinder Press feeders, platen Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operating 1 press... Operating 2 presses...

15 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T a b le I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. ATLANTA, GA. Concluded. May 15, May 15,1913. Trade. Lour. Printing trades, book and job Concluded. Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 1 press... $ $ Operating 2 presses... Operating 3 or more presses Stereotypers Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork... Compositors, nightwork... Linotype operators, daywork Linotype operators, nightwork... Machine tenders, daywork.... a Machine tenders, nightwork... j Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork Head pressmen, nightwork...i Tension men, daywork... i Tension men, nightwork... i Oilers, platers, and floor men, daywork... 1 Oilers, platers, and floor men, nightwork Stereotypers, daywork... Stereotypers, nightwork BALTIMORE, MD, Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: German union... Hebrew union... Bakers, second hands: German union... Hebrew union... Bakers, third hands: Hebrew union Building trades. Bricklayers.... Carpenters... Engineers, hoisting and portable... Hod carriers... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen s helpers... Marble cutters and setters... Marble cutters and setters' helpers... Painters... Plasterers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers, shopmen... Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers... Stonemasons... Structural iron workers... Structural iron workers, finishers helpers. Tile layers... Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters: Inside men... Outside men. Stonecutters... 1 Per 1,000 ems, nonpareil. 2 hours, January to March and November and December. 72 $ $ s * ^

16 1 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF AVAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY^ TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. BALTIMORE, MD. Concluded. May 15, May 15, Trade. Metal trades. Boilermakers: Manufacturing shops... $ SO.3056 Outside men... Boilermakers helpers: Manufacturing shops Outside men... Core makers Machinists: Manufacturing shops... Outside men... Railroad shops Molders, iron Pattern makers Millwork. Carpenters Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Forwarders, general work... Forwarders, finishers, and rulers, printed and blank work... Compositors: English German... Electrotypers: Battery men and builders Finishers Molders... Linotype operators: English Pressfeeders: Cylinder presses... Platen presses Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operating 2 single or 1 double press... Operating 1 or 2 single cylinders, 1 double cylinder, 1 cylinder and 2 platen or 1 magazine press... Pressmen, platen:.3958 Operating 1 to 3 presses... Operating 4 or 5 presses Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork: English German... Compositors, nightwork: English German... Linotype operators, daywork: English Linotype operators, nightwork: English... German i Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork... First assistants, daywork Second assistants, daywork !.3438 Stereotypers: Daywork... 1 Nightwork j

17 VISION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY" 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. BIRMINGHAM, ALA. May 15, j May 15, Trade. Building trades. Bricklayers... i $0 i $ Bricklayers (blast furnace work)... Carpenters Cement workers, finishers... Cement workers, helpers Engineers, hoisting and portable: Hoist ,5625 Boom derrick Inside wiremen Painters Plasterers _...,, Plasterers laborers Plumbers and gas fitters Sheet-metal workers, manufacturing shops Sheet-metal workers, railroad shops Steam fitters Stea.m fitters helpers Structural ironworkers... Granite stone trades. Stonecutters Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Boiler makers: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops Manufacturing shops... Blast furnace work... Railroad shops, road E Railroad shops, road D Railroad shops, road B Railroad shops, road C... Railroad shops, road A Machinists: Manufacturing shops Railroad shops, roads C, D, and E Railroad shops, road B Railroad shops, road A Core makers Molders, iron: Bench, floor, and machine Pattern makers, wood Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Cutters and forwarders... Finishers... Rulers Compositors Electrotypers: Finishers Molders... Linotype operators Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operating 2 or more cylinder or other presses (foremen).. Operating 1 cylinder 1 or more platen presses (foremen) Operating 2 presses Operating 1 press... Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 10 or more presses Operating 7 to 9 presses... Operating 4 to 6 presses Operating 3 presses... Operating 1 or 2 presses... 1 hours, January to April and October to December Bull

18 18 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. BIRMINGHAM, ALA, Concluded. May 15, May 15, Trade. Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork $ $ Compositors, nightwork Linotype operators, daywork Linotype operators, daywork Linotype operators, nightwork Machine tenders, daywork Machine tenders, nightwork Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork (weekly paper) Head pressmen, daywork... Head pressmen, nightwork (weekly paper)...i Head pressmen, nightwork... I Pressmen, daywork (weekly paper)...i Pressmen, daywork...1 Pressmen, nightwork (weekly paper)...: Pressmen, nightwork... 1 Assistant pressmen, daywork (weekly paper) Assistant pressmen, daywork...; Assistant pressmen, nightwork (weekly paper) Assistant pressmen, nightwork Stereotypers:! Daywork Nightwork BOSTON, MASS. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: German union... $ $ Hebrew union... I Mixed union Bakers, second hands: German union Hebrew union... Mixed union Bakers, third hands: Hebrew union... Mixed union Building trades. Bricklayers Bricklayers, sewer work Cement workers, finishers Cement workers, helpers Cement workers, laborers Engineers, portable and hoisting Hod carriers Inside wiremen Inside wiremen, fixture work... Inside wiremen, helpers...! Laborers, excavating Lathers Marble setters... i Marble setters, helpers Painters, union A... I Painters, union B...! Painters, fresco, union B... : Plasterers Plasterers tenders, English uniou... Plasterers tenders, Italian union Plumbers and gas fitters: Gas fitters......! Plumbers...! * Per 1,000 ems, nonpareil.

19 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, M AY 15, T able T. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. BOSTON, MASS. Continued. May 15, May 15, Trade. Building trades Concluded. Sheet-metal workers... $ $ Sprinkler Attars. Steam fitters... Steam fitters, helpers, union A Steam fitters, helpers, nnion B Stonemasons Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters: Inside men Outside men Stonecutters: Inside men... Outside men Metal trades. Boiler makers: Manufacturing and railroad shops Outside men Boiler makers helpers: Outside men... Manufacturing and railroad shops, helpers Core makers Foundry laborers Foundry laborers, casting chippers Foundry laborers, melters... Machinists: All-round men, shops A All-round men, shops B All-round men, shops C Tool makers, snops A... Tool makers, shops B Machinists: Specialists, shops A Specialists, shops B Railroad shops Holders, iro n Holders' helpers Pattern makers Millwork. Carpenters Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Cutters, leather, cloth, sample, sheet stock... Cutters, label Cutters, duplex... Finishers, extra printed work Finishers, blank Forwarders, stock blank Forwarders, job blank.. ' Forwarders, printed work Rulers, first-class, union A Rulers, second-class, union A Rulers, union B... Compositors Electrotypers: Battery men and builders Holders and finishers Linotype operators Machine tenders Pressfeeders, cylinder presses... Pressmen:.... Cylinder and rotary press Cylinder, 1 or 2 presses Platen, job presses Platen. 1 or 2 presses

20 2 0 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. BOSTON, MASS. Concluded. May 15, May 15,1913. Trade. Rate <f Printing trades, news'pa'per. Compositors: Nightwork (lobster shift) Linotype operators: Daywork... Nightwork $ $ Daywork Nightwork Nightwork (lobster shift)... 42' Machine tenders: Davwork Nightwork Nightwork (lobster shift) Pressmen, web presses: Brakemen, daywork Brakemen, nightwork... Head pressmen, daywork Head pressmen, nightwork... Tensionmen, oilers, and platers, daywork Tensionmen, oilers, and platers, nightwork... Stereotypers: Daywork Nightwork BUFFALO, N. Y. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: German union, oven men, daywork German union, oven men, nightwork... Polish union, oven men... Bakers, second hands: German union, bench men, daywork... German union, bench men, nightwork. Polish union, bench men.... Bakers, third hands: Polish union, assistant bench men. $ $ Building trades. Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement workers, finishers... Engineers, portable and hoisting: Hoist... Boom derrick... Hod carriers: Italian union... Polish union... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen, fixture fitters... Laborers: Italian union.... Polish union... Marble setters... Painters... Plasterers.... Plumbers... Sheet-metal workers... Steam fitters Stonemasons... Structural ironworkers.... Structural ironworkers, finishers... Tile layers... Tile layers7helpers Granite and stone trad«<?. Granite cutters: Inside men... Machinemen. Stonecutters

21 UNION SCALE OP WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, M AY 15, T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. BUFFALO, N. Y. Concluded. May 15, May 15, Trade. Metal trades. Blacksmiths... $0 $0 Blacksmiths helpers Boiler makers: Inside men Outside men Railroad shops Core makers Machinists: All-round men... Tool and die makers... Outside men... Holders, iron and brass Pattern makers, wood: Jobbing shops Manufacturing shops : Millwork. Carpenters... Painters, hardwood finishers... 49J J.3000 Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Cutters Finishers Forwarders, grade A Forwarders, grade B Folding-machine operators... Rulers Compositors: English union German union Electrotypers: Battery men and builders... Finishers... Molders... Linotype operators... Press feeders: Cylinder press Platen press Pressmen: Cylinder presses, operating 1 or 2 presses Platen presses Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: German, daywork Linotype operators: English, daywork... English, nightwork English, daywork... English, nightwork... German, daywork German, nightwork Machine tenders, daywork and nightwork Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork... Head pressmen, nightwork Tension men, daywork Tension men, nightwork Oilers, platers, and brakemen, daywork Oilers, platers, and brakemen, nightwork Floor men, daywork Floor men, nightwork Stereotypers: Daywork Nightwork

22 22 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. CHARLESTON, S. C. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Building trades. Bricklayers... Carpenters... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen s helpers. Painters... Painters, fresco... Plasterers... Sheet-metal workers SO SO Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops... Boiler makers: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops... Boiler makers helpers, railroad shops. Machinists, railroad shops Printing trades, book and job. Compositors... Pressmen, cylinder, operating 1 or 2 presses. Pressmen, platen: Operating 1 or 2 presses... Operating 3 or 4 presses Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Daywork... Nightwork... Linotype operators: Daywork... Nightwork... Machine tenders, nightwork... Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen... Assistant pressmen i i CHICAGO, ILL. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: Bohemian union, hand bakeries, daywork... Bohemian union, hand bakeries, nightwork... German union, hand bakeries, daywork... German union, hand bakeries, nightwork... German union, machine bakeries, daywork... German union, machine bakeries, nightwork... Hebrew union, hand bakeries, nightwork... Polish union, hand bakeries, daywork... Polish union, hand bakeries, nightwork... Scandinavian union, hand bakeries, daywork... Scandinavian union, hand bakeries, nightwork... Bakers, second hands: Bohemian union, hand bakeries, daywork... Bohemian union, hand bakeries, nightwork... German union, hand bakeries, daywork... German union, hand bakeries, nightwork... German union, machine bakeries, daywork... German union, machine bakeries, nightwork... Hebrew union, hand bakeries, nightwork... Polish union, hand bakeries, daywork... Polish union, hand bakeries, nightwork... Scandinavian union, hand bakeries, daywork... Scandinavian union, hand bakeries, nightwork... i Per 1,000 ems, nonpareil. $ $

23 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, M AY 15, T able I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. CHICAGO, ILL. Continued. May 15, May 15, Trade. Kate of Bakery trades Concluded. Bakers, third hands: Bonemian union, hand bakeries, daywork... $ $ Bohemian union, hand bakeries, nightwork German union, hand bakeries, daywork German union, hand bakeries, nightwork German union, machine bakeries, daywork..... German union, machine bakeries, nightwork Hebrew n n inn, Ti and b a,irenes daywork... r Polish n ni on, nand bak^ri^s* nay work Polish union, hand bakeries, nightwork Scandinavian union, hand bakeries, daywork Scandinavian union, hand bakeries, nightwork Building trades. Bricklayers Bricklayers, fireproofing Bricklayers, sewer and caisson work Carpenters Carpenters, stair builders Carpenters, cabinetmakers Cement workers, finishers Cement workers7helpers Cement workers laborers... Engineers, hoisting and portable Hod carriers Inside wiremen Inside wiremen, fixture hangers Laborers, building: Excavators and wheelbarrow men... Tunnel, well, and caisson work Tunnel, well, and caisson work (nigger-heads) Lathers Marble setters Marble setters helpers Painters, union A Painters, union B... Painters,fresco, union A Painters, fresco, union B Plasterers Plasterers laborers Plumbers and gas fitters Sheet-metal workers: Outside men Shopmen... Sprinkler fitters Sprinkler fitters helpers Steam fitters Steam fitters helpers... Stonemasons Structural ironworkers Structural ironworkers (architectural w ork) Tile layers Tile layers helpers..... Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters: Inside men..... Outside men Stonecutters... 1 hours, October to March. 2 hours, December to March.

24 2 4 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. CHICAGO, ILL. Continued. May 15, May 15,1913. Trade. Kate of Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Outside men... Manufacturing shops Railroad shops... Hammersmiths, manufacturing shops. Hammersmiths, railroad shops... Blacksmiths helpers: Outside men... Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops... Boiler makers: Outside men... Manufacturing shops... Boiler makers helpers: Outside men... Manufacturing shops Core makers... Machinists: Tool and die makers... Railroad shops and terminals... All-round men and specialists... Outside men... Machinists helpers, outside men... Molders, iron... Pattern makers: Jobbing shops... Manufacturing shops... Millwork. Carpenters... Painters, hardwood finishers... Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Casers-in... Cutters and operators on casing-in machines... Cutters, in charge of stock and cutting machines... Forwarders, finishers, case makers, and operators on case-making machines, union A... Forwarders, finishers, and case makers, union B... Rulers... Compositors: English union... Bohemian union... German union... Norwegian-Danish union... Polish union... Electrotypers: Molders... Finishers... Casters, builders, backt-x: baitery men, and trimmer hands... Linotype operators: English union... Bohemian union... German union... Pressfeeders: Cylinder presses... Pony presses, less than 25 by Press assistants, rotary presses or cylinder presses (patent insides)... Colt and Universal presses.... Platen presses.... Press assistants, platen presses... Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operating 1 rotary, 3 or more color, or 2-color rotary or double-roll rotary presses... Operating Cox duplex or Goss flat-bed or 3-color process work or double-cylinder sheet-feed rotary presses Operating single-roll rotary press.... Operating 2 single or 1 double or 3 patent-inside blanket presses J 3 49i 49i 49J $ v C I hours, September to April. 2 hours, September to April. 3 hours, October to April i m 36 $

25 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T able I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. CHICAGO, ILL. Concluded. May 15, May 15, Trade. Printing trades, book and job Concluded. Pressmen, platen: Operating 1 sheet-feed rotary or multicolor ticket or 2 Kidder ticket or 2 automatic or one 2-color Harris or 2 single Harris or 1 cylinder press larger than 28 by 42 inches with not more than 3 job presses Operating 6 presses or 1 cylinder not larger than 28 by 42 $0 $0 inches with not more than 3 job presses Operating 5 presses or proofers, or 1 job press Operating 4 presses...! Operating 3 or under 3 presses Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork: German union Norwegian-Danish union Polish union Swedish union Make-ups, English union Compositors, nightwork: Bohemian union... English union English union German union Norwegian-Danish union Make-ups, English union Linotype operators, daywork: English union German union Norwegian-Danish union... Polish union Swedish union... Linotype operators, nightwork: English union German union Norwegian-Danish union Swedish union... 4S.5500 Machine tenders: Daywork Nightwork Pressmen, web: Head pressmen, daywork... Head pressmen, nightwork Brakemen and tension men, daywork Brakemen and tension men, nightwork Oilers and platers, daywork Oilers and platers, nightwork StereotyperSj day or nightwork... 46J.5806 CINCINNATI, OHIO. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: Oven men, daywork, hand bakeries... Oven men, nightwork, hand bakeries... Oven men and dough mixers, daywork, machine bakeries... Bakers, second hands: Bench hands, daywork, hand bakeries... Bench hands,nightwork, hand bakeries... Bench hands, daywork, machine bakeries... Bakers, third hands: Daywork, hand bakeries... Nightwork, hand bakeries... Daywork, machine bakeries... $ $ For 3,200 ems per hour; 55 cents for 5,000 emg and $ for each 100 ems over 5,000 ems. 2 For 3,200 ems per hour; cents for 5,000 ems and $ for each 100 ems over 5,000 ems.

26 2 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. CINCINNATI, OHIO Continued. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Building trades. Bricklayers.... Bricklayers, sewer work... Carpenters Carpenters, stair builders... Cement workers (finishers)... Cement workers helpers Cement workers laborers... Engineers, hoisting and portable: Boom derrick... Hoist Hod carriers Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen s helpers, third year... Inside wiremen s helpers, fourth year----- Laborers, building... Marble setters Marble setters helpers... Painters Painters, fresco... Plasterers... Plasterers laborers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers... Stonemasons... Structural ironworkers... Structural ironworkers, finishers... Structural ironworkers, finishers helpers Tile layers... Tile layers helpers m 45 * 1 * * 45 * * * 45 * * * 45* 45* SO * * * * * * 45 * * * 45 4' i 45* 45* $ Granite and stone trades. \ Granite cutters: I Machine m en...!j Outside men......? Stonecutters... ^ *.5150 Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops, road B... Railroad shops, road D, roundhouse... Railroad shops, road C, roundhouse... Blacksmiths helpers: Manufacturing shops Railroad shops, road B... Railroad shops, road D, roundhouse... Railroad shops, road E, roundhouse.... Boiler makers: Manufacturing shops... Outside men... Railroad shops, road C... Railroad shops, road B... Railroad shops, road D... Railroad shops, road F Boiler makers helpers: Manufacturing shops O utside men... Railroad shops, road C... Railroad shops, road B... Railroad shops, road D... Railroad shops, road F... Core makers... Machinists: Manufacturing shops, all-round men.... Manufacturing shops, tool and die makers.. Manufacturing shops, specialists.... Breweries... Railroad shops, road C... Railroad shops, road A..... Railroad shops, road D

27 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, 1913, 2 7 T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY. BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. CINCINNATI, OHIO Continued. May 15, May 15, Trade* Metal trades Concluded. Machinists Concluded. i OUw Railroad shops, road E Railroad ^lops, road F.... ) Machiru i 1^ v vs: Raiii< <(J > '>\s, road C Rail*- d -5i z"1s, road A Moldei, jror: Bench and floor Pattern i v»?i_, wood: Jobbing shops Manufacturing shops Millwork. Carpenters Carpenters (cigar-box makers)... 49J. 49 i. Painters: Hardwood finishers Hardwood stainers Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Finishers, first class Finishers or forwarders, blank work... Forwarders, blank work Head rulers Rulers, second class... Cutters, finishing Cutters, stock Compositors Electrotypers: Battery men Builders Finishers Holders Linotype operators: English union German union Machine tenders Press feeders: Automatic presses Cylinder presses Pressmen, cylinder: Operating 1 rotary web press (first position) Operating 1 double ora 2-color press over 53 inches Operating 4 bag presses Operating 1 rotary web press, second position (process or label work) Operating 2 single presses over 53 inches Operating 2 single presses less than 53 inches (process or label work), or 2 single presses less than 53 inch&s, or 1 perfecting press, or 1 cylinder and 2 platen presses Operating 2 single-color Harris presses Operating 1 single-color Harris press Pressmen, platen: Operating 5 presses Operating 4 presses Operating 3 presses Operating 1 or 2 presses Operating 2 automatic presses Operating 1 automatic press Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork: English union Compositors, nightwork: English union German union Linotype operators, daywork: English union Linotype operators, nightwork: English union German union

28 2 8 BULLETIN- OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH (TTY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. CINCINNATI, OHIO Concluded. May 15, May 15, Trade. Printing trades, newspaper Concluded. Machine tenders: Daywork $ S $ Nightwork Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork... Head pressmen, nightwork... Tension men, daywork Tension men, nightwork Oilers and platers, daywork Oilers and platers, nightwork Stereotypers: Daywork Nightwork... 46J CLEVELAND, OHIO. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: Bohemian onion, daywork... Bohemian union, nightwork... German union3... Hebrew union, daywork... Hebrew union, nightwork... Bakers, second hands: Bohemian union, daywork... Bohemian union,nightwork.... German union, daywork and nightwork.. Hebrew union, daywork... Hebrew union, nightwork... Bakers, third hands: Bohemian union, daywork... Bohemian union, nightwork.... German union, daywork and nightwork. Bakers helpers: Hebrew union, daywork... Hebrew union, nightwork... Building trades. Bricklayers... Bricklayers (Hebrew union)... Carpenters... Cement workers (finishers) 4... Cement workers (finishers)... Cement workers (helpers)... Cement workers, mixers (laborers) Engineers, portable and hoisting: Boom derrick... Hoist... Hod carriers and laborers: English union... Hebrew union... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen (fixture hangers)... Inside wiremen s helpers... Marble cutters and setters... Marble cutters and setters helpers Painters... Painters, fresco... Plasterers... Plasterers helpers (hod carriers)... Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers... $ hours, October to March. 2$0, October to March. 3 No minimum scale. 4Rock asphalt and glass lights and sidewalks laid in cement and composition work. $

29 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. CLEVELAND, OHIO Continued. May 15, May 15, Traae. Building trades Concluded. Steam fitters and sprinkler fitters... Steam fitters and sprinkler fitters helpers... $ i i $ Stonemasons (laying dressed stone) Stonemasons (rubble work)... Structural ironworkers and finishers... Structural ironworkers, finishers helpers Tile layers... Tile layers helpers Granite and stone trades. Granitecutters: Tmidfi mp.n T. _.. r, Machine men (large surfacing)... Machine men (small surfacing) Outside men Stone cutters Metal trades. Boilermakers: Shopmen and manufacturing shops Railroad shops, road B Field work, manufacturing shops... Railroad shops, road A Boiler makers helpers, field work... Boiler makers helpers, manufacturing shops Core makers Machinists: All-round men... Tool and die makers Specialists Molders: Iron and brass Pattern makers, wood: Manufacturing shops Jobbing shops... m.00 49*.4700 Millwork. Carpenters Printing trades, book and job. bookbinders: Rulers... Compositors: Cutters or forwarders (printed work)... Finishers or forwarders (blank work)... English Hungarian Electrotypers: Battery men, casters and blockers... Builders... Finishers Molders... Linotype operators: English union Hungarian union... Machine tenders union, English Press feeders: Cylinder presses Job press assistants Flat bed, Harris and auto presses Self-feeding or folding presses Pony presses Patent inside or newspaper feeders Platen presses Operators and feeders on folding machines... Pressmen: Cylinder, 1 or 2 presses Pony cylinder...! i hours, January to March and October to December.

30 30 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. CLEVELAND, OHIO Concluded. May 15, May 15, Trade. Printing trades, book and job Concluded.! Pressmen, platen: Operating 1 or 2 presses... Operating 3 presses... Operating 4 presses... Operating 5 or more presses, Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork. English union... German union... Hungarian union... Compositors, nightwork: English union... Linotype operators, daywork: English u n ion... German union... Hungarian union... Linotype operators, nightwork: English union. Machine tenders: Daywork... Nightwork... Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork... Tension men and brakemen, daywork... Oilers and platers, daywork... Head pressmen, nightwork... Tension men and brakemen, nightwork---- Oilers and platers, night work... Stereotypers: Daywork... Nightwork... DALLAS, TEX.!! SO! $ J i ! i !.4583 i! i! ! ! ! ! ! Bakers: First hands... Second hands. Third hands.. Bakery trades. Building trades. Bricklayers... Carpenters... Carpenters (stair builders)... Cement workers (finishers)... Cement workers (helpers)... Cement workers (laborers)... Engineers, hoisting and portable: Boom derrick... Hoist... Hod carriers: Brick men... Mortar men... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen (fixture hangers)... Inside wiremen helpers... Laborers, excavating... Lathers, metal... Lathers, wood cypress... Marble cutters and setters... Marble cutters and setters helpers. Painters... Plasterers... Plasterers laborers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers... Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers... Stonemasons... Structural iron workers... 1! j SO SO.3667 ;! ! !.6750! : ' : !

31 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T a b l e I, UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. DALLAS, TEX. Concluded. May 15, May 15, Trade. Granite and stone trades. Stonecutters... i $0 $0 Metal trades. Core makers Machinists...! Molders, iron...! Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Cutters, finishers, forwarders, and rulers... Compositors Electrotypers: Finishers... Molders Linotype operators... i i Press feeders: Cylinder, commercial Cylinder, publication Pressmen, cylinder, operating 1 cylinder and 2 platen'presses Pressmen, platen: Operating 1 or 2 presses Operating 3 presses Printing trades, newspaper. \ Compositors: Daywork Nightwork... Linotype operators: Daywork... i i.1250 Nightwork i.1350 Machine tenders: Daywork... Nightwork Machine tenders' helpers, nightwork Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork or nightwork... Journeymen, daywork... Journeymen, nightwork... Stereotypers: Daywork... j Nightwork DENVER, COLO. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: Foremen, working with 5 or more men.. Foremen, alone or with less than 5 men. Oven m en... Mixers... Bakers, second hands, bench hands... Building trades. Bricklayers, building work... Bricklayers, sewer work... Carpenters... Cement workers: Finishers... Laborers... Engineers,hoisting and portable: Boom derrick... Hoist... Hod carriers: Brick men... Mortar men Per 1,000 ems, nonpareil. $ $

32 32 B U LLETIN " o f t h e b u r e a u o f l a b o r s t a t i s t i c s. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. DENVER, COLO. Continued. May 15, May 15,1913. Trade. Honrs of Building trades Concluded. Inside wiremen... Marble setters... Marble setters helpers... Painters... Plasterers... Plasterers laborers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-meta 1 workers... Sprinkler fitters... Sprinkler fitters helpers... Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers... Stonemasons... Structural ironworkers... Structural ironworkers, finishers.. Tile layers... Tile layers helpers... $ $ Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters, inside men.. Stonecutters Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops, road B... Railroad shops, road A... Blacksmiths helpers: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops, road B... Railroad shops, road A... Boiler makers: Manufacturing shops Railroad shops, road B... Railroad shops, road A... Boiler makers helpers: Railroad shops, road B... Railroad shops, road A... Core makers Machinists: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops, road A Railroad shops, road C Railroad shops, road B... Machinists helpers: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops, road A Railroad shops, road B... Molders, iron: Bench, floor, and machine. Pattern makers, wood: Manufacturing and jobbing shops... Railroad shops Millwork. Painters, hardwood finishers... Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Cutters, finishers, forwarders, and rulers... Compositors... Electro typers: Battery men and builders, floor men... Finishers... Molders... Linotype operators... Press feeders: Cylinder presses... Platen presses... Press assistants... Pressmen, cylinder presses, operating 1 or 2 presses

33 UNION SCALE OP WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T ab le I. UNION SCALE OP WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. DENVEB, COLO. Concluded. May 15, May 15,1913. Trade. Printing trades, book and job Concluded Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 7 presses... Operating 6 presses... Operating 5 presses... Operating 3 or 4 presses... Operating 1 or 2 presses... Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Daywork... Nightwork... Linotype operators: Daywork... Nightwork... Machine tenders: Daywork... Nightwork... Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork... Head pressmen, nightwork... Journeymen, daywork... Journeymen, nightwork... Stereotypers: Daywork... Nightwork... $ $ DETROIT, MICH. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: German union, foremen and dough mixers, day or night work... Hebrew union, foremen, two ovens, daywork... Hebrew union, foremen, two ovens, nightwork... Hebrew union, foremen, one oven, daywork... Hebrew union, foremen, one oven, nightwork... Bakers, second hands: German union, daywork or nightwork... Hebrew union, daywork... Hebrew union, nightwork... Bakers, third hands: Hebrew union, daywork... Hebrew union, nightwork... Building trades. Bricklayers... Bricklayers, sewer, caisson, and tunnel work. Carpenters... Carpenters, Hebrew union... Cement workers, finishers... Engineers, hoisting and portable... Hod carriers and building laborers... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen s helpers... Marble setters... Marble setters helpers... Painters... Plasterers... Plasterers laborers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers... Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers... Stonemasons... Structural ironworkers... 1 hours, June 15 to Sept Bull i 2 $ hours, June to September. $

34 34 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. DETBOIT, MICH. Concluded. May 15, May 15, Grade. Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters: Inside men... J $0 $0 Machine men i Outside men... J Stonecutters... Metal trades. Boiler makers: Manufacturing shops Outside men... Railroad shops... j Core makers Machinists: Manufacturing shops Die sinkers Tool and die sinkers... Jobbing shops Outside men... Railroad shops, road A Railroad shops, road B Pattern makers, wood: Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Cutters, finishers, forwarders, or rulers... Compositors Electrotypers: Battery men and builders Finishers... Molders... Linotype operators Press feeders: Cylinder presses Platen presses Press assistants Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operating 1 or 2 presses Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 6 or more presses Operating 4 or 5 presses Operating 3 presses... Operating 2 presses Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork: English union... German union Compositors, nightwork: English union... Linotype operators, daywork: English union... i i English union German union Linotype operators, nightwork: English union... English union * Machine tenders: Daywork... Nightwork.... Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork Head pressmen, nightwork Tension men, daywork... Tension men, nightwork Oilers and platers, daywork Oilers and platers, nightwork Floormen and flymen, daywork... Floormen and flymen, nightwork... Stereotypers: Daywork... Nightwork Per 100 lines, nonpareil.

35 UNTO 1STSCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. FALL RIVER, MASS. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. * Hate of Building trades. Bricklayers... Carpenters... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen s helpers... Painters... Plasterers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Stonemasons... Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters: Inside men Machine men. Outside men.. Metal trades. Core makers... Molders, iron, bench and floor., Compositors. Printing trades, book and job. Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Head A d men, daywork... Assistant A d ' men and make-ups, daywork Floor hands, head setters, and head framers, daywork.. Linotype operators, daywork... Machine tenders, daywork... Pressmen, web presses, daywork... Stereotypers, daywork... INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 1 $ $ ! I ! t I.2750 I.2750 ) ;! I I Bakery trades. 1! Bakers, first hands: Oven men, daywork......' $ $ Oven men, nightwork Bakers: Second hands Bakers: Third hands Building trades. Bricklayers......! Carpenters * Carpenters, stair builders J * Cement workers, finishers......! Engineers, hoisting and portable... Hoa carriers: j Brick men Mortar men Inside wiremen......!.4750 Inside wiremen, fixture hangers Laborers, building work Marble setters... Marble setters helpers Painters......; Painters, fresco......! Plasterers i * Plumbers and gas fitters......i! Sheet-metal workers......!.4750 Sprinkler fitters......i Sprinkler fitters helpers j Steam fitters......j Steam fitters helpers Stonemasons Structural iron workers Structural iron workers, finishers......! Tile layers Tile layers helpers i

36 36 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T able I UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Continued. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Granite and stone trades. Stonecutters $0 $0 Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Blacksmiths helpers: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops Manufacturing shops. r, Railroad shops Boiler makers: Manufacturing shops Outside men... Railroad shops, road B Railroad shops, road C Core makers Machinists: Mftnnfactnrinp phnps... Outside men Railroad shops, road A... Railroad shops, road B Machinists7helpers, outside men Molders, iron: Bench Floor Machine Pattern makers: Jobbing shops Manufacturing shops Railroad shops Millwork. Carpenters Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders, all classifications Compositors: English union German union Electrotypers: Battery men, casters, backers, and blockers Builders... Finishers Molders Linotype operators... Press feeders: Press assistants Cylinder presses Newspaper feeders Pony presses Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operating 1 or 2 presses Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 1 press Operating 2 presses Operating 3 presses Operating 4 presses Operating 5 presses Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork: English union... German union English union (bankmen) Compositors, nightwork: English union... English union (bankmen) Linotype operators, daywork: English union... German union

37 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, M AY 15, T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OP WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Concluded. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Printing trades, newspaper Concluded. Linotype operators, nightwork: English union... $0.17 $0.17 Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork Tension men or brakemen, daywork Oilers and platers, daywork Riggers, daywork Head pressmen, nightwork Tension men or brakemen, nightwork Oilers and platers, nightwork Riggers, nightwork Stereotypers: Daywork Nightwork JACKSONVILLE, FLA. Building trades. Bricklayers... Carpenters... Inside wiremen... Painters... Plasterers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers... Sheet-metal workers, Negro... Sheet-metal workers, railroad shops Steam fitters... Stonemasons... Granite and stone trades. Stonecutters... Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops... Blacksmiths helpers: Railroad shops. Boiler makers: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops... Machinists: Manufacturing shops. Specialists, railr< Railroad shops. Carpenters. Millwork. Printing trades, book and job. Compositors... Electrotypers... Linotype operators... Machine tenders... Press feeders: Cylinder presses... Platen presses... Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operating 1 or 2 presses.. Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 1 or 2 presses Operating 4 presses... Operating 7 presses... Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Daywork.. Nightwork $0 $

38 38 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. JACKSONVILLE, FLA. Concluded. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Printing trades, newspaper Concluded. Linotype operators: Daywork... i $ i $ Nightwork i i.1000 Machine tenders, daywork... Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork... Head pressmen, nightwork... Brakemen and tensionmen, daywork... Brakemen and tensionmen, nightwork... Oilers and platers, daywork... Oilers and platers, nightwork... Stereotypers: Daywork... Nightwork... KANSAS CITY, MO. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands, hand bakeries: Foremen in small shops... Oven m en... Spongers... Bakers, first hands, machine bakeries: Ovenmen... Sponge mixers... Bakers, first hands, pie bakeries: Foremen, hand bakeries... Foremen, machine bakeries.... Bakers, first hands, cake and roll: Foremen, hand bakeries. Bakers, second hand, hand bakeries: Bench hands.... Drawers... Bakers, second hands, machine bakeries: Bench hands.... Drawers... Bakers, second hands, pie: Oven men, hand bakeries... Oven men, machine bakeries... Bakers, second hands, cake and roll: Underhands, hand bakeries.... Underhands, machine bakeries.... Bakers, third hands, pie bakeries, hand bakeries: Dough mixers... Fillers... Bench hands.... Bakers, third hands, pie, machine bakeries: Dough mixers.... Fillers... Rolling-machine operators.... Building trades. Bricklayers.... Carpenters.... Carpenters, parquet-floor layers... Cement workers (finishers).... Cement workers helpers.... Engineers, hoisting and portable... Hod carriers... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen, fixture hangers.... Inside wiremen s helpers... Laborers: Building work... Plumbing work... i Per 1,000 ems, nonpareil. $ $ S * 2 * hours, October to May.

39 UNION- SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T a b le I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. KANSAS CITY, MO. Continued. May 15,1912. May 15, Trade. Building trades Concluded. Lathers: Metal... $0 $0 Wood... Marble setters Marble setters helpers Painters... i.00 Painters, fresco...!.00 Plasterers Plasterers laborers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers Sprinkler fitters Sprinkler fitters' helpers Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers... Stonemasons Structural iron workers... Structural iron workers, finishers Tile layers Tile layers helpers... Granite and stone trades. Stonecutters... Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Railroad shops, road B Railroad shops, road A Railroad shops, road D Railroad shops (terminal), road D Railroad shops, road E Railroad shops, road F Railroad shops, road H Railroad shops, road G Railroad shops, road C...! Backsmiths helpers: Railroad shops, road B Railroad shops, road A Railroad shops, road D Railroad shops (terminal), road D Railroad shops, road C Railroad shops, road E Railroad shops, road F Railroad shops, road H Railroad shops, road G... I Boilermakers: 1 Manufacturing shops...! Outside men...! Railroad shops Boilermakers helpers: Manufacturing shops Outside men Railroad shops Coremakers Machinists: All-round men, manufacturing shops Tool and die makers Railroad shops... j Packing houses j Machinists helpers: Railroad shops...! Molders, iron: Bench, floor, and machine...!.3611 Pattern makers, wood: Jobbing shops... 49J Manufacturing shops... Millwork. Carpenters, cabinetmakers... Painters, hardwood finishers

40 4 0 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. KANSAS CITY, MO. Concluded. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Finishers, first-class oo Finishers, second-class... Cutters... Cutters and folding machine operators... $0.32 SO.32 Forwarders, first-class... Forwarders, second-class... Rulers, first-class... Rulers, second-class Compositors Electrotypers, all classifications r..... Linotype operators Machine tenders... Press feeders: Cylinder presses Platen presses Pony presses Operating automatic feeders Patent insides, cylinder feed Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operating 1 press, 24 by 36 inches or under... Operating 2 presses, 24 by 36 inches or under, without foreman... Operating 2 presses, 24 by 36 inches or under, with foreman... Operating 1 press over 38 by 56 inches... Operating 2 presses... Operating 1 cylinder and 2 platen presses Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 1 press... Operating 2 presses... Operating 3 or 4 presses Operating 5 to 7 presses *.3958 Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Linotype operators: Daywork... Nightwork Daywork... Nightwork Machine tenders: Daywork... Nightwork... Pressmen, web presses, day or nightwork: Head pressmen... Journeymen... Sterotypers, day or nightwork... LITTLE ROCK, ARK. Building trades. Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement workers, finishers... Cement workers7helpers... Engineers, hoisting and portable: Hoist... Boom derrick... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen s helpers... Painters... Plasters... Plasterers laborers... Plumbers... Sheet-metal workers: Shopmen... Railroad shops, road B... Railroad shops, road A... $ $

41 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOUBS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. LITTLE ROCK, ARK. Concluded. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Building trades Concluded. Steam fitters... $ $0 St^r>«Tnasorirs...,. 625Q Granite and stone trades. Stonecutters... Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Railroad shops, road A Railroad shops (1st fire), road B Railroad shops (2d fire), road B Railroad shops (light car fire), road B Railroad shops (miscellaneous fire), road B Railroad shops (hammermen), road B Boiler makers: Manufacturing shops Railroad shops Railroad shops, roundhouse, daywork Railroad shops, roundhouse, nightwork Railroad shops, helpers Core makers Machinists: Manufacturing shops Railroad shops Engine and roundhouse, daywork Engine and roundhouse, nightwork Machinists helpers: Manufacturing shops Railroad shops Roundhouse, daywork Roundhouse, nightwork Molders, iron Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Cutters Finishers, forwarders, and rulers..., 3750 Compositors Linotype operators Machine tenders Press feeders: Cylinder presses Platen presses Pony presses Pressmen, cylinder: Operating 2 presses Operating 1 cylinder and 1 platen press Operating cylinder and lithographic presses Pressmen, platen: Operating 4 presses... Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Daywork... Nightwork Linotype operators: Daywork i Nightwork Machine tenders: Daywork... Nightwork Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork... Head pressmen, nightwork Journeymen, daywork Journeymen, nightwork Stereo typers: Daywork Nightwork Per 1,000 ems, nonpareil..3889

42 42 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. LOS ANGELES, CAL. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Bakery trades. Bakers: First hands, oven men... SO.3889 $ Second hands, bench hands Third hands, helpers Building trades. Bricklayers t.7500 Carpenters... Cement workers, finishers... Cement workers laborers... Engineers, portable and hoisting... Hod carriers Inside wiremen Inside wiremen? fixture hangers... Laborers, building work Marble setters Marble setters helpers Painters Plasterers Plasterers laborers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers Sprinkler fitters... Sprinkler fitters helpers... Steam fitters... Stonemasons Structural ironworkers... Structural ironworkers, finishers... Tile layers... Tile layers helpers Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters... Metal trades. Boiler makers, manufacturing shops Boiler makers helpers, manufacturing shops... Core makers... Machinists: Manufacturing shops... Manufacturing and auto repair shops Breweries Railroad shops Manufacturing and repair shops... Newspaper offices... Machinists helpers: Manufacturing and railway shops... Molders, iron... Pattern makers, wood: Jobbing shops... Manufacturing and artificial stone molds Millwork. Carpenters... Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Cutters Finishers and forwarders Rulers Compositors... Compositors on poster work Electrotypers, all classifications... Linotype operators Pressfeeders: Cylinder presses...!.32 Platen presses... i.2917 Pressmen, cylinder presses: i Operators of 1 or 2 cylinder presses...!.4688 Operators of 1 cylinder and 2 platen presses

43 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. IOS ANGELES, CAL, Concluded. May 15,1912. May 15, Trade. Printing trades, book and job Concluded. Pressmen, platen presses: Operators of 1 to 3 platen presses... $0 $ Operators of 4 platen presses Operators of more than 4 platen presses Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Daywork Nightwork Linotype operators: Daywork Nightwork Machine tenders: Daywork Nightwork Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork Head pressmen, nightwork Journeymen, daywork Journeymen, nightwork Tension men, daywork Tension men, nightwork Stereotypers: Daywork... Nightwork... LOUISVILLE, KY. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: Mixers... Oven m en... Bakers, second hands. Building trades. Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement workers, finishers... Cement workers helpers... Engineers, hoisting and portable... Hod carriers: Mortar men... Plasterers laborers and brick men. Wheelers and pilers... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen s helpers... Laborers, building... Painters... Painters, fresco Plasterers... Plasterers laborers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers... Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers... Stonecutters... Stonemasons... Structural iron workers... Tile layers... Granite cutters, inside men. Stonecutters... Granite and stone trades. 1See Hod carriers. 0 ) 57 $ $ , j ) 0) C1)

44 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. LOUISVILLE, KY. Concluded. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Metal trades. Boiler makers. Manufacturing shops... $ $ Railroad shops, terminal Boiler makers' helpers: Manufacturing shops Railroad shops, road A Railroad shops, terminal... Railroad shops, road D Machinists: Railroad shops, road F Pattern makers, wood Manufacturing shops... Outside men... Printing trades, book and job. Compositors: German union Linotype operators... Machine tenders Monotype operators Press feeders: Cylinder presses Cylinder, automatic feed and press assistants Platen presses... Press assistants, 1 platen press Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operating 1 or 2 presses with automatic feed Operating large cylinder and 2 platen presses... Operating 2 Harris presses Operating 1 or 2 presses... Operating pony press... Operating pony and 2 job presses Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 4 presses... Operating 3 presses... Operating 1 or 2 presses... Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Daywork, English union Compositors, nightwork: English union German union Linotype operators: Daywork, English union Linotype operators, nightwork: English union German union Machine tenders: Care of 14 to 18 machines... Care of 19 to 25 machines Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork... Head pressmen, nightwork Oilers and platers, daywork... Oilers and platers, nightwork Tension men, daywork... Tension men, nightwork Stereotypers: Daywork... Nightwork...

45 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. MANCHESTER, N. H. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Building trades. Bricklayers... i $ i $ Carpenters... Inside wiremen... Plasterers Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers... Steam fitters Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters Metal trades. Core makers... Molders, iron: Bench, floor, and machine Printing trades, book and job* Compositors... Linotype operators Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Daywork Nightwork Linotype operators: Daywork Nightwork Machine tenders: Daywork Nightwork MEMPHIS, TENN. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: Foremen, hand bakeries, daywork... Foremen, hand bakeries, nightwork.... Foremen, machine bakeries, nightwork... Oven hands and spongers, machine bakeries, nightwork, Bakers, second hands: Bench hands, hand bakeries, daywork... Bench hands, hand bakeries, nightwork.... Bench hands, machine bakeries, nightwork... Building trades. Bricklayers... Carpenters... Carpenters, stair builders... Cement workers, finishers... Cement workers helpers... Engineers, portable and hoisting... Hod carriers... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen s helpers... Painters... Plasterers... Plasterers laborers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers, shopmen... Sheet-metal workers (railroad shops). Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers... Structural ironworkers... Tile layers... Stonecutters.. Granite and stone trades. i hours, June to September. $

46 46 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. MEMPHIS, TENN Concluded. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Manufacturing shops... $0. $0. Railroad shops Boiler makers, manufacturing shops and railroad shops, road A Boiler makers, railroad shops, road B... Boiler makers, railroad shops, road C Machinists: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops Molders and core makers... Pattern makers, wood Millwork. Carpenters: Bench work... Stair work m 49* Printing trades, book and job. Compositors... Electrotypers Linotype operators... Pressfeeders, cylinder press... Pressmen, cylinder: Foremen, 2 presses Operating 2 presses Operating 1 press Pressmen, platen: Operating 1 or 2 presses Operating 3 presses Operating 4 presses Operating automatic press... Stereotypers... Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Head ad men: Daywork... Nightwork Daywork... Nightwork Linotype operators: Daywork Nightwork Machine tenders: Daywork Nightwork... Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork... Head pressmen, nightwork... Journeymen, daywork... Journeymen, nightwork... Stereotypers: Daywork... Nightwork... MILWAUKEE, WIS. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: German union, nightwork... Hebrew union, daywork $ $ Bakers, second hands: German union, nightwork Hebrew union, daywork Bakers, third hands: German union, nightwork Hebrew union, daywork i Per 1,000 ema, nonpareil.

47 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. MILWAUKEE, WIS. Continued. May 15,1912. May 15, Trade. Building trades. Bricklayers... $ $ Carpenters... Cement workers, finishers... Cement workers' helpers Cement workers laborers Engineers, hoisting and portable, general work... M Hod carriers Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen's helpers... Laborers, building work Lathers Marble setters... Marble setters' helpers Painters... Painters, fresco Plasterers Plumbers and gas fitters Sheet-metal workers *.4250 Sprinkler fitters Sprinkler fitters helpers Steam fitters: Building work... Railroad shops... Steam fitters' helpers: Building work Railroad work * Stonemasons Structural iron workers...» 9 Structural iron workers, finishers Tile layers... i Tile layers' helphers Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters: Inside men Outside men... j Stonecutters... Metal trades. Blacksmiths, railroad shops: Forging machine men i n.30 ^Trip hammermen is Hammermen is Regular scale n is Blacksmiths helpers, railroad shops: Hammermen s helpers is Regular scale... * Boiler makers, railroad shops Boiler makers' helpers, railroad shops... * Core makers Machinists: Manufacturing shops Tool and die makers Specialists... Railroad shops Breweries hours in June, July, August, and September. 2 hours, January to April and November and December. 8 hours, June 15 to Sept hours, October to April, s SO.3100, October to April. 6 $0.3250, October to April. 7 $0.2050, October to April. 8 $0.2150, October to April. 9 hours, June to October. i $0.2850, October to April. 11$0.3000, October to April. 12$0.2900, October to April. 13$0.,3050, October to April. ii $0. 30, October to April. 15 $0.,3750, October to April. is $ October to April. 17$ , October to April. 18 $ , October to April. 19 $ , October to April. 20 $ , October to April. 24 $ , October to April, 22 hours, October to April. 23 $0.,3950, October to April. 24 $0,.4100, October to April.

48 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. MILWAUKEE, WIS. Concluded. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Metal trades Concluded. Molders, iron: Bench... $ $ Floor and machine Pattern makers: Jobbing shops... m 49 Manufacturing shops.,, Millwork. Carpenters... Painters, hardwood finishers J.3300 Printing trades, bool: and job. Compositors: English union... German union Electrotypers: Finishers... Battery men and builders... Molders... Linotype operators: English union... German union Press feeders: Cylinder presses, 25 by 38 inches and over Cylinder presses, under 25 by 38 inches Cylinder presses, patent insides Cylinder presses, with automatic feed Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operating 1 or 2 presses... Operating 1 single-color Harris press Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 4 presses Operating 3 presses... Operating 1 or 2 presses Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork: Compositors, nightwork: English union... G or man union English union... German union Linotype operators, daywork: Linotype operators, nightwork: «English union... German union English union... German union Pressmen, web presses, daywork: Head pressmen... Journeymen Pressmen, web presses, nightwork: Head pressmen... Journeymen Stereotypers: Daywork Nightwork MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands, German union: Foremen, one or more men, daywork.. Foremen, one or more men, nightwork Foremen, working alone, daywork Foremen, working alone, nightwork... Bakers, second hands, German union: Bench hands, daywork... B ench hands, nightwork... Bakers, third hands, German union: Helpers, first year, daywork... Helpers, first year, nightwork... $ $

49 UNIOisT SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T able I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Continued. May 15, May 15,1913. Trade. Building trades. Bricklayers... Carpenters... Engineers, hoisting and portable.. Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen, fixture hangers... Inside wiremen s helpers... Lathers... Marble cutters and setters... Marble setters helpers... Painters... Painters, fresco... Plasterers... Plasterers tenders... Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers... Sprinkler fitters... Sprinkler fitters helpers... Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers... Stonemasons... Structural ironworkers... Structural ironworkers, finishers... Tile layers... Tile layers7helpers... Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters: Inside men... Outside men. Stonecutters... Metal trades. Blacksmiths, railroad shops... Blacksmiths helpers, railroad shops. Boiler makers: Railroad shops, road A... Railroad shops, road B... Railroad shops, road C... Boiler makers helpers: Railroad shops, road A... Railroad shops, road B... Core makers... Machinists: Manufacturing shops... Breweries... Flour mills... Railroad shops... Molders, iron... Pattern makers: Jobbing shops... Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops... Millwork. Carpenters... Printing trades, book and job. Compositors.... Electrotypers: Molders and finishers... Helpers hours, October to April; paid for hours. 2 $0.3362, October to April. 3$0.3515, October to April. * $0.2242, October to April. 5 $0.2343, October to April, e $0.4228, October to April Bull i 50 i 50 i 50 i 50 $ e s i 50 i 50 i 50 i 50 i i $0.4381, October to April. 8$0.32, October to April. s $0.3566, October to April. 10 $0.2292, October to April, u $0.2394, October to April. $ & s io ii

50 50 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Concluded. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Printing trades, book and job- Concluded. Linotype operators... $ $0 Machinists Press feeders: Cylinder presses Platen presses Pressmen, cylinder: Operating 1 or 2 presses Operating 3 presses Pressmen, platen: Operating 1 to 3 presses Operating 4 or more presses Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork: English union...i German union Compositors, nightwork, English union Linotype operators, daywork: English union... i.1000 i.1050 Linotype operators, nightwork: English union i Machinists: Daywork Nightwork Pressmen, web: Head pressmen, daywork Tension men, daywork Oilers and platers, daywork... Stereotypers, daywork NEWARK, N. J. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: German union, in 2-man and 3-man shops and oven mens helpers... German union, in 4-man shops, oven men and dough $ m ixers... I Hebrew union, daywork Hebrew union, nightwork... Italian union Bakers, second hands: German union Hebrew union, daywork Hebrew union, nightwork Italian union Bakers, third hands: German union, 3-man shops German union, 4-man shops... Building trades. Bricklayers Carpenters... Cement workers, finishers... Cement workers helpers Engineers, hoisting and portable... \ Hod carriers Inside wiremen... ; Inside wiremen, fixture hangers Inside wiremens helpers... Marble setters... ;.6875 Marble setters helpers Painters...! Plasterers Plumbers and gas fitters... 1 Sheet-metal workers... j Steam fitters i Per 1,000 ems, nonpareil.

51 TIN TOM SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OP WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. NEWARK, N. J. Concluded. May 15, May 15, Trade. Building trades Concluded. bteam fitters helpers, union A... $ $ Steam fitters helpers, union B Stonemasons......, Structural iron workers... Structural iron workers, finishers helpers... Tile layers... Tile layers helpers... Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters... Stonecutters: First class Second class... Third class... Metal trades. Core makers... Machinists: All-round men Die makers Outside men Molders, iron: Bench Floor... Pattern makers, wood: Manufacturing shops... m. 49J. Jobbing shops Millwork. Carpenters Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Finishers and first class forwarders Forwarders, second class Rulers, first class Rulers and second class finishers Compositors Linotype operators Press feeders: Cutters, sheet straighteners... Cutters, duplex A lo Cylinder presses... Cylinder presses, assistant pressman Pressmen, cylinder: Operating 1 or 2 presses... Operating 2-color presses; one-machine process work, or 2 machines Pressmen, operating 1 automatic press Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 2 automatic presses Operating 5 or 6 presses Operating 3 or 4 presses Operating 1 or 2 presses... Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork, English union Compositors and linotype operators, daywork, German union... Compositors, nightwork, English union Compositors and linotype operators, nightwork, German union Linotype operators, daywork... Linotype operators, nightwork Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork... Head pressmen, nightwork Tension men, floormen, oilers, and platers, daywork Tension men, floormen, oilers, and platers, nightwork.. Stereotypers: Daywork Nightwork

52 5 2 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. NEW HAVEN, CONN. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: German union, hand and machine bakeries... $ $ Hebrew union, foremen Bakers, second hands: German union, hand and machine bakeries Hebrew union^ hand bakeries Bakers, third hands: Gerrnan utiirin, hanrl fvnfl machine bakeries. _ Hebrew TWlVvn, band bakeries r.., Building trades Engineers, hoisting and portable Plumbers Sheet-metal workers Steam fitters Structural iron workers Structural iron workers, finishers... Structural iron workers, finishers helpers Granite and stone trades. Granitecutters: Inside m en Outside men... Stonecutters Metal trades. Blacksmiths, railroad shops Blacksmiths helpers, railroad shops Boiler makers, railroad shops... Boiler makers helpers, railroad shops Machinists: Tool and die makers... Railroad shops All-round men, large shops... All-round men, small shops Pattern makers, wood: Manufacturing and railroad shops Largo manufacturing shops Printing trades, book and job. Compositors Electrotypers: Battery men and builders Finishers Molders Linotype operators Pressmen, cylinder, operating 1 or 2 presses... Pressmen, platen, operating 1 to 3 presses... Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork... Compositors, nightwork Linotype operators: D ayw ork... Nightwork Machine tenders: Daywork Nightwork

53 UNION SCALE OP WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T able I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. NEW HAVEN, CONN. Concluded. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Printing trades, newspaper Concluded. Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork... $ $ Head pressmen, nightwork Journeymen, daywork Journeymen, nightwork Stereotypers: Daywork Nightwork NEW ORLEANS, LA. Building trades. Bricklayers... Carpenters... Engineers, hoisting and portable... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen s helpers... Marble cutters and setters... Marble cutters and setters helpers... Painters... Plasterers... Plasterers laborers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers: Shopmen... Railroad shops, road A... Railroad shops, road C... Steam fitters... Stonemasons... Structural iron workers... Structural iron workers, finishers... Structural iron workers, finishers helpers Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters, inside men... Graite cutters, machine men... Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops, road A... Railroad shops, road B... Railroad shops, road C... Blacksmiths helpers: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops, roads A and C... Railroad shops, road B... Boiler makers: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops, road C...:... Railroad shops, roads A and B... Boiler makers helpers: Railroad shops, road C... Railroad shops, roads A and B... Core makers... Machinists: Manufacturing shops... Outside men... Railroad shops, road C... Railroad shops, road A... Railroad shops, road B... Molders, iron: Floor and bench... Pattern makers, wood... Millwork. Carpenters... $0 $ i

54 BULLETIK OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. NEW ORLEANS, L A Concluded. May 15, May 15,1913. Trade. Printing trades, bool: and job. Bookbinders: Cutters... 0$ $0 Finishers... Forwarders... Forwarders, half-bound... Rulers... Compositors Electrotypers Press feeders, cylinder presses... Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operating cylinder presses Operating cylinder and platen presses... Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 1 or 2 presses Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Daywork Nightwork Linotype operators: Daywork Nightwork i Machine tenders: Daywork Nightwork Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork Assistant foremen, daywork Second assistant foremen, daywork Tension men, daywork Brakemen, daywork Oilers and platers, daywork Stereotypers: Daywork Nightwork... 1 NEW YORK, N. Y. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: Bohemian union... English union... German union, union A, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Richmond, and Queens... German union, union B, Manhattan, East Side... German union, union B, Manhattan, West Side, Bronx. German union, union B, machine, Brooklyn, Queens, and Richmond... Hebrew union... Hebrew union, East Side... Italian union... Scandinavian union... Bakers, second hands: Bohemian union... English union. German union, union A, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and Richmond... German union, union B, Manhattan, East Side... German union, union B, Manhattan, West Side, and Bronx... German union, union B, machine bakeries, Brooklyn, Queens, and Richmond.... Hebrew union.... Hebrew union, East Side... Italian union... Scandinavian union... 1Per 1,000 ems, nonpareil. 51 $ $

55 UNION' SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T a b le I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. NEW YORK, N. Y. Continued. May 15, May 15, Trade. Bakery trades Concluded. Bakers, third hands: German union, union A, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, Bohemian union... English union $ $ and Richmond German union, union B, Manhattan, East Side German union, union B, Manhattan, West Side German union, union B, Bronx Hebrew union Hebrew union, East Side Italian union Scandinavian union Building trades. Bricklayers... Carpenters: Manhattan (outside men)... Manhattan (insidft bfinnhmp.n) Richmond (outside men)... Brooklyn, Bronx, and Queens (outside men)... Brooklyn, Bronx, Queens, and Richmond (inside Cement workers, helpers... Engineers, portable and hoisting H od carriers... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen, helpers Laborers Marble setters bench men)... Cement workers, finishers Marble setters helpers... Painters Painters, fresco... Plasterers Plasterers laborers Plumbers and gas fitters: Manhattan, Bronx, and Brooklyn Queens... Richmond Sheet-metal workers: Manhattan, Bronx, and Kings... Queens K 5625 Richmond... K 5000 Steo/mfitters Steamfitters helpers... Stonemasons: Manhattan and Bronx Brooklyn, Queens, and Richmond... Structural ironworkers and finishers... Structural ironworkers, finishers helpers... Tile layers Tile layers helpers... 45* *.3626 Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters: Inside men... Outside men... Outside men Machine men... Stonecutters: First class Second class... Third class... Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Inside men Outside men Inside men, helpers Outside men, helpers Scale became SO on Aug. 7, Trim and fit stone cut outside of city.

56 56 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T able I. UNION SCALE OP WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR IN EACH CITY, B Y TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. NEW YOBK, N. Y. Continued. May 15, May 15,1913. Trade. Metal trades Concluded. Boiler makers: Inside men... Outside men (stand pipes, water towers, etc.). Outside men... Boiler makers helpers, inside men... Boiler makers helpers, outside men... Core makers... Foundry laborers Foundry laborers, Manhattan... Machinists: All-round men... All-round men... All-round men... Repair shops and printing-press work... Auto-repair shops... Printing-press factories... Printing-press rooms... Outside men... Molders, iron: Bench, floor, and machine... Molders helpers... Pattern makers, wood: Manufacturing shops... Manufacturing shops... Jobbing shops... Architectural work... Pattern makers, plaster... Pattern makers, metal i * 51 49* $ Millwork. Carpenters: Manhattan and Bronx... Brooklyn, Queens, and Richmond Pr inting trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Cutters, 1-knife machine... Cutters, 3-knife machine... Finishers, blank work, first class... Finishers, blank work, second class... Forwarders, printed w ork... Forwarders, blank work, first class... Forwarders, blank wqrk, second class... Rulers, first class... Rulers, second class... Operators on rounding-in machine... Compositors: Bohemian union... English union... German union... Hebrew union... Hungarian union... Italian union... Electrotypers: Branch men... Finishers... Molders... Linotype operators: English union... G erman union... Hebrew union... Hungarian union... Italian union... Machine tenders: 1 to 4 machines... 5 to 8 machines... 9 to 12 machines or more machines... Press feeders: Pressmen, first assistants... Pressmen, second assistants J *

57 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, Tabx-s I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. NEW YORK, N. Y. Concluded. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Printing trades, book and job Concluded. Press feeders Concluded. 1 automatic press Pr^ss assistants, w e b $ SO automatic presses Job press... Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operating 1 or 2 presses Cottrell or offset presses i Ticket or multi presses... Cartwright job presses... 1 single-roll rotary press Man in charge process press Magazine presses McKee process presses Magazine presses, 2 feeders Pressmen, platen presses: 4 single or 2 double Kidder, Auto, or Kavmore, 2 presses Nos. 6 to 18,1 press to 5 presses, or Auto, 2 presses... Auto or Kavmore presses... 1 to 3 presses, Nos. 1 to 7, 20 to 21, Auto, 1 press Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork: Bohemian union English union German union... m.6533 m.6667 Hebrew union Hungarian union Italian union... Compositors, nightwork: English union German union J.7333 Hebrew union Hungarian union Italian union...! Linotype operators, daywork: Bohemian union English union German union m.6667 Hebrew union Hungarian union Italian union... Linotype operators, nightwork:.4063 English union German union... Hebrew union... 37* m Hungarian union Italian union Machine tenders, daywork: 5 to 8 machines or more machines Machine tenders, nightwork: 5 to 8 machines or more machines Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork... Head pressmen, nightwork Journeymen, daywork... Journeymen, nightwork Stereotypers: Davwork... Nightwork

58 58 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. OMAHA, NEBR. May 15,1912. May 15, Trade. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands (foremen): Daywork... $ $ Nightwork Bakers, second hands (oven men): Daywork Nightwork Bakers, third hands (bench hands): Daywork Nightwork Building trades. Bricklayers Carpenters... Carpenters, stair builders... Engineers, hoisting and portable: Building work... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen s helpers... Lathers: Metal... W ood Painters Painters, fresco... Plasterers Plasterers laborers Plumbers and gasfitters Sheet-metal workers Steam fitters Steam fitters helpers...; Stonemasons Structural ironworkers Structural ironworkers, finishers Tile layers Tile layers helpers Granite and stone trades. Stone cutters Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops... Railroad shops, road A Railroad shops, road B... Blacksmiths helpers:.4150 Manufacturing shops... Railway shops Boiler makers: Railroad shops... Railroad shops, road A... Railroad shops, road B Boiler makers helpers, railroad shops Core makers Machinists: Manufacturing and jobbing shops... Automobile repair shops..... Railroad shops... Railroad shops, road C Railroad shops, road A Machinists helpers, railroad shops Molders, iron: Bench, floor, and machine Millwork. Carpenters, cabinet makers...! 1 hours, August to December. 2 hours, October to April

59 UNION" SCALE OF W AG ES A N D H O U R S OF LA B O R, M A Y 15^ T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. OMAHA, NEBR. Concluded. May 15,1912. May 15, Trade. Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Forwarders, first class... $0 $0 Forwarders, second class Finishers... Rulers... Cutters Compositors... Electro typers, molders... Electrotypers, finishers, builders, casters, and battery men.. Linotype operators... Press feeders, cylinder press Pressmen, cylinder presses, operating 1 or 2 presses... Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 1 to 3 presses... Operating 4 presses... Operating 5 presses Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Daywork Nightwork Linotype operators: Daywork... Nightwork... Machine tenders: Daywork... Nightwork... Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork... Head pressman, nightwork Tension men, daywork... Tension men, nightwork... Press assistants, daywork... Press assistants, nightwork... Stereo typers: Daywork <5000 Nightwork PHILADELPHIA, PA. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: German union... Hebrew union... Polish union... Bakers, second hands: German union... Hebrew union... Polish union... Bakers, third hands: Hebrew union... Polish union $ $ Building trades. Bricklayers... Bricklayers (tunnel and sewer work)... Carpenters... Cement workers: Finishers... Helpers... Engineers, hoisting and portable... Hod carriers, mortar mixers, and scaffold builders.. Hod carriers, wheelbarrow men... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen s helpers J 1 hours, June to September m

60 6 0 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABOR ST A T IS T IC S. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. PHILADELPHIA, PA. Continued. May 15, May 15, Trade. Building trades Concluded. Marble setters... Marble setters helpers... Painters... Painters, fresco... Plasterers... Plasterers laborers... Plumbers and gas fitters: Union A... Union B... Sheet-metal workers... Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers... Stonemasons... Structural iron workers... Structural iron workers, finishers... Structural iron workers, finishers helpers. Tile layers... Tile layers helpers... Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters: Inside and outside men.... Machine men.... Stonecutters... Metal trades. Boiler makers: Inside men... Outside men... Railroad shops... Boiler makers helpers, outside men... Core makers... Machinists: All-round men... Die makers... Press rooms... Railroad shops... Outside men.... Molders, iron: Bench, floor, and machine., Pattern makers, wood: Manufacturing shops... Jobbing shops... Millwork. Carpenters... Painters, hardwood finishers.... Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Cutters, machine, union A... Cutters, stock, union A... Cutters, book and sheet, union A... Cutters, stock, union B... Cutters, assistants, union B... Finishers, extra, union B... Finishers, job, union A... Finishers, sheep and plain, union B... Finishers, full bound, union A... Finishers, half bound, union A... Finishers assistants, union B... Forwarders, extra job, union B... Forwarders, plain, sheep, and half bound, union B.. Forwarders, job, full bound, union A... Forwarders, full and half bound, stock, union A... Forwarders, cloth, union B... Forwarders, half bound, union A... Rulers, union C... Compositors... Electrotypers: Battery men and builders... Finishers... Molders... Linotype operators... $0.00 $ j

61 U N IO N SCALE OF W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R, M A Y 15, T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. PHILADELPHIA, PA. Concluded. May 15, May 15, Trade. Printing trades, bool: and job Concluded. Press feeders: Cylinder presses, 25 by 38 inches or over... $0 $ Cylinder presses, under 25 by 38 inches Cylinder presses, all other Flat bed, perfecting press... ; Pressmen, cylinder presses: In charge of 2-color flat-bed presses with automatic feeders In charge of 2-color flat-bed cylinder presses Operating 1 flat-bed perfecting press with automatic feeders Operating 2 presses with automatic feeders Operating 1 flat-bed perfecting press Operating 2 flat-bed presses Operating 1 cylinder and 3 platen presses Operating not over 2 Adams presses Overlay cutters In charge of web presses in book and job offices Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 2 presses or 1 two-color press Operating automatic platen presses (provers) Operating more than 4 presses Operating 3 or 4 presses Operating 1 or 2 presses Printing trades, newspaper Compositors, daywork: English union German union Compositors, nightwork: English union, lobster shift English union German union Linotype operators, daywork: English union German union Linotype operators, nightwork: English union English union, lobster shift German union Machine tenders, daywork Machine tenders, nightwork Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, day and night Brakemen and tension men, day and night... Oilers and platers, floor men, day and night Stereotypers, day and night PITTSBURGH, PA. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: German union (foremen)... Hebrew union (foremen)... Polish union... Bakers, second hands: German union... Hebrew union... Polish union... Bakers, third hands: German union, bench men... Hebrew union, bench men... Polish union... Building trades. Bricklayers... Carpenters... Engineers, hoisting and portable... $ >

62 62 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF LABO R ST A T IS T IC S, T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. PITTSBURGH, PA. Continued. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Building trades Concluded. Hod carriers... $0 $0 Inside wiremen......, Inside wiremen s helpers... Laborers... Lathers... Marble setters... Marble setters helpers... Painters Plasterers Plumbers... i Plumbers laborers... Sheet-metal workers Sprinkler fitters... Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers... Stonemasons Stonemasons, laying dressed stone Structural ironworkers... Structural ironworkers, finishers Structural ironworkers, finishers helpers Tile layers... Tile layers helpers Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters: Inside men... Outside men Stonecutters Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Locomotive works, hammermen Blacksmiths helpers: Manuiaeturing shops Manufacturing shops... Locomotive works Locomotive works... Boiler makers: Inside men... Outside men... Railroad shops... Boiler makers helpers: Inside men... Outside men... Core makers Machinists: All-round men Breweries Railroad shops Molders, iron Pattern makers: Manufacturing shops... Jobbing shops Millwork. Carpenters Printing trades, book and job. Compositors, English union Electro typers: Battery men... Builders Finishers... Molders... Linotype operators: English union... German union Press feeders: i Cylinder... Platen hours, June to September.

63 i'niny SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, M AY 15, T able I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. PITTSBURGH, PA. Concluded. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Printing trades, book and job Concluded. Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operators of 1 or 2 presses... $0 $ cvlinder presses and platen presses cylinder presses and platen presses Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 1 to 5 presses.,... Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork Compositors, nightwork: English union German union Linotype operators, daywork, English union Linotype operators, nightwork: English union German union Machine tenders, daywork and nightwork... Pressmen, web presses: Head pressman, daywork and nightwork First assistant, daywork and nightwork Second assistant, daywork and nightwork... Third assistant, daywork and nightwork... Fourth assistant, daywork and nightwork... Stereotypers: Daywork Nightwork PORTLAND, OREG. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: Foremen over 2 or more men, hand bakeries. Foremen over 1 man, hand bakeries... Oven men, hand bakeries... Oven men and bench men, hand bakeries Bakers, second hands: Bench hands, hand bakeries... Bench hands, machine bakeries... Building trades. Bricklayers... Carpenters... Carpenters, stair builders... Cement workers, finishers... Cement workers helpers... Cement workers, laborers... Engineers, hoisting and portable... Hod carriers, mortar mixers, and plasterers' helpers. Hod carriers, wheelers... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen, fixture hangers, Union A... Inside wiremen, fixture hangers, Union B... Inside wiremen s helpers... Marble setters... Marble setters helpers... Painters... Plasterers... Plasterers helpers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers... Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers... Stonemasons... Structural ironworkers... Structural ironworkers, finishers... Structural ironworkers, finishers' helpers... Tile layers... Tile layers helpers See Hod carriers, etc. 0 ) $ $ C1).7500 C1) 0 )

64 64 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OP WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. PORTLAND, OREG. Concluded. May 15,1912. May 15, rade. Granite and stone trades. Metal trades. $0 $ Blacksmiths, manufacturing and jobbing shops Blacksmiths helpers, manufacturing and jobbing shops Boiler makers, manufacturing shops..... Boiler makers, outside men... Boiler makers helpers, manufacturing shops Boiler makers helpers, outside men... Core makers... * Machinists, manufacturing shops.... _.... Molders, iron: Bench, floor, and machine Pattern makers, jobbing shops Pattern makers, manufacturing shops Mill work. Carpenters: Sticker men, layers out, benchmen, shaper handsb, and sawyers, sash layer-out men, and general machine men... Bench hands, stock cutters on cabinet work, drum sanders, and wood turners... Planer men, sash sticker men, stock cutters for sash and doors, smoothers on veneered hardwood doors Putting up sash and doors Trim sawyers, smoothers on stock for sash and doors, mortise men, tenon men, elbow sanders Painters, hardwood finishers... Printing trades, book and job- Bookbinders, all classifications... Compositors Electrotypers, all classifications Linotype operators Press feeders: Cylinder presses Platen presses Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operating 1 cylinder and 1 or 2 platen presses, foremen.. Operating 1 cylinder and more than 2 platen presses, foremen... Operating 2 presses Operating 1 press... Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 3 presses Operating 1 or 2 presses... Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Daywork Nightwork Linotype operators: Daywork Nightwork Machine tenders: Daywork Nightwork Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork Head pressmen, nightwork Journeymen, daywork J irneymen, nightwork J.5934 Stere^ypers: Daywork Nightwork

65 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. PROVIDENCE, R. I. May 15, May :15, Trade. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands, Hebrew union... $0 $ Bakers, second hands, Hebrew union CO Bakers, third hands, Hebrew union Building trades. Bricklayers Bricklayers, tunnel, sewer, and caisson work Carpenters Engineers, portable and hoisting Hod carriers, mortar mixers and carriers Inside wiremen Inside wiremen s helpers Laborers, concrete mixers, and barrow men Laborers, excavating Painters Plasterers Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers... Stonemasons Stonemasons, foundation walls... Structural ironworkers Structural ironworkers, finishers... Structural ironworkers, finishers helpers Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters: Inside men... i Machine men... i Outside men... i Stonecutters Metal trades. Core makers Machinists: All-round, railroad shops Specialists Tool and die makers Breweries... Molders, iron Pattern makers Printing trades, book and job. Compositors Linotype operators Press feeders, cylinder... (2) (2) Press feeders, platen Pressmen, cylinder Pressmen, platen: Operating 1 to 3 presses... Operating Universal presses, 14 by 22 inches and over Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Daywork Nightwork Linotype operators: Daywork Day (piecework) Nightwork tfe Night (piecework) Machine tenders: Daywork Nightwork » hours, January to April and October to December. 3 Per 1,000 ems, nonpareil. 3 Same scale as platen feeders, Bull

66 6 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. PROVIDENCE, R. I. Concluded. May 15, May 15, Trade. Printing trades, newspaper Conc uded. Pressmen, web press: Head pressmen, daywork... $ $ Brakemen, tension men, oilers, and platers, daywork Head pressmen, nightwork Brakemen, tension men, oilers, and platers, nightwork Stereo typers: Daywork Nightwork RICHMOND, VA. Building trades. Bricklayers... Carpenters... Engineers, hoisting and portable... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen s helpers... Painters... Plasterers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Steam fitters... Structural iron workers... Tile layers... Granite cutters.. Stonecutters Granite and stone trades. Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Manufacturing shops A... Manufacturing shops B... Hammer men... Railroad shops, road A... Railroad shops, road C... Railroad shops, road B... Boiler makers: Manufacturing shops, road A... Manufacturing shops, road C... Manufacturing shops, road B... Boiler makers helpers: Manufacturing shops, roads A and C. Manufacturing shops, road B... Core makers Machinists: All-round men... Manufacturing shops... Specialists... Railroad shops, road A... Railroad shops, road C... Railroad shops, road B... Tool and die makers... Molders, iron: Locomotive works... Manufacturing shops... Plow works... Railroad shops... Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Cutters... Finishers, forwarders, and rulers... Compositors... Electrotypers... Linotype operators... Press feeders, cylinder presses $ $

67 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. RICHMOND, VA. Concluded. May 15, May 15, Trade. wa?es per Printing trades, booh and job Concluded. i.. ~ Press feeders, platen presses... $ SO.1563 Pressmen, 1 or 2 cylinder presses......! Pressmen, 2 or more platen presses Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Daywork... Nightwork...!! Linotype operators: Daywork... Nightwork : Machine tenders: Daywork i Nightwork Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen Pressmen s assistants Stereotypers: I Daywork Nightwork i.3646 I ST. LOUIS, MO. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands, hand bakeries: Bonemian union, foremen, over less than 5 men... German union, foremen... Hebrew union, foremen, oven men... Bakers, first hands, machine bakeries: German union, foremen... German union, oven men... German union, assistant oven men... German union, spongers... Bakers, first hands, cake bakeries: German union, foremen with less than 4 men Bakers, second hands, hand bakeries: Bohemian union, bench hands... German union, bench hands.... Hebrew union, bench hands... Bakers, second hands, machine bakeries: German union, assistant spongers... German union, bench hands.... Bakers, second hands, cake bakeries: German union, bench hands.... Bakers, third hands, hand bakeries: Hebrew union.... Bakers, third hands, machine bakeries: German union, bakers helpers... Building trades. Bricklayers... Bricklayers, sewer w ork... Carpenters... Cement workers, finishers... Cement workers helpers... Cement workers* laborers... Engineers, hoisting and portable... Engineers, hoisting and portable (2 Hod carriers: Brick men... Mortar men... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen, fixture hangers Inside wiremen s helpers... Laborers, building work... Marble setters... Marble setters helpers... Painters... $0.31 $ ! i i.6500!.6500 i i ;.3438! '.5750

68 6 8 B U L L E T I N OF T1IE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T able I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. ST. LOUIS, MO. Continued. May 15,1912. May 15, of per Rate oi Building trades Concluded. Plasterers... Plasterers laborers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Plumbers laborers... Sheet-metal workers... Sprinkler fitters... Sprinkler fitters helpers... Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers... Steam fitters, in breweries... Steam fitters helpers, in breweries... Stonemasons... Structural ironworkers... Structural ironworkers, finishers... Tile layers... Tile layers helpers... Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters: Inside men Machine men.. Outside men.. Stonecutters... Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops... Blacksmiths helpers: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops... Boiler makers: Manufacturing shops... Outside men... Railroad shops... Boiler makers helpers: Manufacturing shops... Outside men... Railroad shops... Core makers... Foundry laborers: Cupola tenders, machinery molding. Cupola tenders, stove molding... Casting shippers and cleaners... Molders helpers... Machinists: Manufacturing shops... Tool and die makers... Outside men... Breweries Railroad shops... Specialists Printing machinery repair shops----- Machinists helpers, railroad shops... Molders, iron, bench and floor... Pattern makers, wood: Jobbing shops... Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops... Steel mills... Millwork. Carpenters, cabinetmakers... Painters, hardwood finishers... Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Cutters... Finishers, first class... Finishers, second class... Forwarders, blank-book work... $ j $

69 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR/ M AY 15, T a b le I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. ST. LOUIS, MO. Continued. May 15, May 15, Trade. Printing trades, book and iob Concluded. B ookbinder s Conclu ded. Forwarders, printed work... Folding machine operators... Rulers, first class... Rulers, second class... Compositor^: Bohemian union... English union German union... Electrotypers: Head molder... Molders Finishers... Helpers... Linotype operators: Bohemian union... English union... Machine tenders... Press feeders: Cylinder press, 24 by 36 and over... Pony press... Automatic press... Aluminographic press... Lithographic press, No. 2 or less... Lithographic press, over No Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operating 1 press.... Operating 2 presses, less than 24 by 36 inches, or 1 single Harris press, 15 by 18 inches or less... Operating 1 press less than 24 by 36 inches and 2 platen presses, or 1 press over 24 by 36 inches and 1 or 2 platen presses, or 1 press less than 24 by 36 inches and 3 platen presses... Operating 2 presses 24 by 36 inches and over, or 1 press over 24 by 36 inches and 3 platen presses, or 1 double $ $ or less, or 1 two-color Harris press 15 by 18 inches or less. Operating 1 multigraph press... Operating 1 single rotary press.... Operating 1 cylinder press 24 by 36 inches or over and 1 press with automatic feed... Operating 1 cylinder press less than 24 by 36 inches and 1 automatic press... Operating 1 cylinder press over 24 by 36 inches and 1 automatic press... Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 2 presses, or 1 press with automatic feed, or one 128-inch coupon press.... Operating 3 presses.... Operating 4 presses or one 42-inch coupon press, or 1 press with automatic feed and 2 platen presses... Operating 1 automatic press.... Operating 5 presses or 2 presses with automatic feed and 1 platen press Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork: English union... German union... Compositors, nightwork: English union... German union... Linotype operators, daywork: English union... German union... Linotype operators, nightwork: English union... German union... 1Per 1,000 ems, nonpareil i i t i

70 7 0 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. ST. LOUIS, M O Concluded. May 15, May 15, Trade. Printing trades, newspaper Concluded. Machine tenders: Daywork... Nightwork... Pressmen, web presses, daywork: Head pressmen... Journeymen... Pressmen, web presses, nightwork: Head pressmen... Journeymen... Stereotypers: Daywork... Nightwork SO SO ST. PAUL, MINN. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands, foremen... Bakers, second hands, ovenmen Bakers, third hands, bench hands.. Building trades. Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement workers, finishers... Engineers, hoisting and portable... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen, fixture hangers... Inside wiremens helpers... Inside wiremen, fixture hangers helpers. Lathers... Marble cutters and setters... Marble setters helpers... Painters... Painters, fresco... Plasterers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers... Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers... Stonemasons... Structural ironworkers... Structural ironworkers, finishers... Tile layers... Tile layers helpers... Granite cutters, outside men. Stonecutters... Granite and stone trades. Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Railroad shops, road A... Railroad shops, road B... Railroad shops, road C... Hammermen, railroad shops... Blacksmiths helpers: Railroad shops, road A.... Railroad shops, road B.... Railroad shops, road C... Boilermakers, railroad shops, road C... Boilermakers helpers, railroad shops, road C. Core makers... Machinists: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops... Breweries... SO.3167 $

71 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, M AY 15, T a b l e I. TJNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. ST. PAUL, M INN. Concluded. May 15, May 15, Trade. Metal trades Concluded. Molders, iron: Bench, floor, and machine.. Pattern makers: Jobbing shops... Manufacturing shops Railroad shops SO $ Millwork. Carpenters, cabinetmakers Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Finishers or forwarders, blank work... Forwarders or cutters, or folding-machine operators, printed w ork... Rulers... Compositors.... Linotype operators... Electrotypers: Molders... Finishers... Helpers... Pressfeeders: Cylinder presses... Platen presses... Pressmen, cylinder: Operating triple rotary presses... Operating double rotary presses... Operating 2 Harris presses... Operating 2 automatic presses... Operating single rotary press... Operating double and single presses... Operating automatic press... Operating Harris press... Operating 1 or 2 presses... Pressmen, platen: Operating 1 to 3 presses... Operating 4 or more Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork: English union.... German union... Compositors, nightwork: English union., Linotype operators, daywork: English union.... English union... German union.... Linotype operators, nightwork: English union... German union... Machinists: Daywork.... Nightwork.... Pressmen, web: Head pressmen... Platers and oilers... Tension men... Stereotypers: Daywork... Nightwork * * hours, September to April. 2 Per 1,000 ems, nonpareil.

72 72 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Building trades. i I Bricklayers... SO.7500 $ Carpenters... Cement workers... Engineers, hoisting and portable... Hod carriers: Br'ck men... Mortar men... Wheelbarrow men... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremens helpers Painters... Painters, fresco... Plasterers Plasterers laborers... Plumbers and gas fitters Sheet-metal workers Sprinkler fitters Sprinkler fitters helpers... Steam fitters Steam fitters helpers... Stonemasons... Structural iron workers... Structural iron workers, finishers... Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters Stone cutters Metal trades. Blacksmiths, manufacturing shops Blacksmiths helpers, manufacturing shops Boiler makers: Manufacturing shops Railroad shops Boiler makers helpers: Manufacturing shops Railroad shops Coremakers Machinists: Manufacturing shops or railroad shops, outside repair work Smelter furnaces..... Railroad shops, Specialists Machinists helpers: Manufacturing shops Railroad shops... Molders, iron Millwork. Carpenters... 49* 49* Printing trades, book andjoh. Bookbinders... Compositors... Linotype operators... Machine tenders... Pressfeeders, cylinder presses Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operating 1 or 2presses... Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 1 or 2 presses... Operating 3 or 4 presses... Operating 5 or 6 presses Operating 7 presses With an assistant.

73 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOUKS OF LABOR, M AY 15, T a b le I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH Concluded. May 15, May 15, Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Daywork... Nightwork Linotype operators: Daywork Nightwork... Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, day or nightwork... Journeymen, daywork... Journeymen, nightwork... Stereotypers, day or nightwork... SO $ SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Bakery trades. Bakers: First hands, foreman, hand bakeries... First hands (oven men), machine bakeries... Second hands (bench hands), hand bakeries... Second hands, partly oven work, hand bakeries... Second hands, partly oven work, machine bakeries.. Third hands, bread and cake, hand bakeries... Third hands (bench hands), machine bakeries... Building trades. Bricklayers... Carpenters... Carpenters, stair builders... Cement workers, finishers... Cement workers, helpers... Cement workers, laborers... Engineers, portable and hoisting. Hod carriers... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen, fixture hangers.. Inside wiremons helpers... Laborers, building work... Laborers, side sewer work... Marble setters... Marble setters helpers... Painters... Plasterers... Plasterers laborers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers... Sprinkler fitters... Sprinkler fitters helpers... Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers... Stonemasons... Structural ironworkers... Structural ironworkers, finishers. Tile layers... Tile layers helpers... Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters: Inside men... Outside men. Stonecutters... Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops... Railroad shops (steam hammermen)... Ship and machine work... Ship and machine work (steam hammermen). 1 Per 1,000 ems, nonpareil. $ $

74 7 4 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Continued. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. Trade. Metal trades Concluded. Blacksmiths helpers: Manufacturing shops... $0 $0 Railroad shops Ship and machine work... Boiler makers: Manufacturing and jobbing shops... Tank work in iron buildings... Ship fitters... Boiler makers helpers: Manufacturing and jobbing shops... Core makers... Foundry laborers... Machinists: Tool and die makers and all-round men... Specialists... Molders, iron: Bench, floor, and machine... Pattern makers, wood... Millwork. Carpenters: Sticker men and shapers... Sash and door layers-out Band sawyers, smoothers and molders on veneers and hardwood sash and doors, cabinetmakers, turners; rip sawyers for stickers, stock cutters for cabinet work and trim, and trim sawyers... Planer men, roller sanders; sash stickers and stock cutters on sash and doors... Putters-up on sash and doors; assistant rip sawyers, smoothers and molders on stock for sash and doors... Elbow sanders: Mortisers and tenoners Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders, all classifications... Compositors... Electro typers, all classifications... Linotype operators: English union Foreign union Machine tenders Press feeders: Cylinder presses... Platen presses Lithographic presses Press assistants, cylinder presses (first year) Press assistants, cylinder presses (second year) Press assistants, platen presses (first year) Press assistants, platen presses (second year)... Press assistants, rotary and magazine presses: Oilers, brakemen, and tension men... Press assistants, rotary and magazine pressses: Fly and packer men... Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operating 1 press... Operating Cox duplex presses... Operating 2-color presses... Operating coupon ticket presses... Pressmen, platen presses: Operatmg 1 or 2 presses... Operating 3 presses... Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors, daywork: Foreign union Compositors, nightwork: Foreign union Linotype operators, daywork: Foreign union

75 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T a.b le I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. SAIT FRANCISCO, CAL. Concluded. May 15, May 15, Trade. Printing trades, newspaper Concluded. Linotype operators, nightwork: English union......! 45 $ $ Foreign union ' Machine tenders: Daywork Nightwork Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, day or night Tension men, day or night Oilers and platers, day or night General utility men, day or night Stereotypers, day or nightwork I Bakery trades. SCRANTON, PA. Bakers, first hands: German union... Bakers, second hands: German union... SO $ Bakers, third hands: German union CO Building trades. Bricklayers l.00 Carpenters Engineers, hoisting and portable: Boom derrick... Hoist Hod carriers Inside wiremen Insid8 wiremen s helpers La borers, excavating Laborers, concrete mixing, building wrecking, etc Painters... Plasterers Plumbers and gas fitters Sheet-metal workers... Steam fitters Steam fitters helpers... Stonemasons... Structural ironworkers... Tile layers... Granite and stone trades. Stonecutters... Metal trades. Blacksmiths: Manufacturing and jobbing shops... Core makers: Manufacturing shops (machinery) Manufacturing shops (hot-water and steam heating).3000 Machinists: All-round men and railroad shops... Molders: Manufacturing shops (machinery)... Manufacturing shops (hot-water and steam heating) Railroad shops '.2750 Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Cutters, book Cutters, paper Forwarders, blank work... Forwarders, printed work Rulers... Compositors... 1 hours, January to April and October to December.!

76 7 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. SCRANTON, PA. Concluded. i May 15, May 15, Trade. Bate of Printing trades, book and job Concluded. Electro typers: Battery men and builders... $0 $0 Finishers Molders Linotype operators Press feeders: Cylinder... Platen Pressmen, cylinder: Operating 1 or 2 presses Pressmen, platen: Operating 4 or more presses... Operating 1 to 3 presses Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Linotype operators: Daywork Nightwork Machine tenders: Daywork N ightwork Pressmen, web presses: Daywork... Nightwork Daywork... Nightwork Stereotypers: Davwork Nightwork SEATTLE, WASH. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: Foremen.... Bakers, second hands: In charge of ovens (bench hands)... Dough mixers... Bench hands... Bakers, third hands: Helpers... Building trades. Bricklayers... Bricklayers, sewer and well work... Carpenters... Cement workers, finishers... Cement workers, helpers... Engineers, hoisting and portable... Hod carriers... Inside wiremen... Inside wiremen, fixture hangers... Inside wiremen s helpers... Laborers, building... Marble setters... Marble setters helpers.... Painters... Plasterers... Plasterers laborers.... Plumbers and gas fitters.... Sheet-metal workers... Steam fitters... Structural ironworkers... Structural ironworkers, finishers... Structural ironworkers (reinforced concrete) Tile layers... Tile layers helpers... Granite and stone trades. Inside men... Outside and machine men... $ $ i

77 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T a b l e I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. SEATTLE, WASH Concluded. May 15,1912. May 15, Trade. Metal trades. Boiler makers: Outside men... SO $0 Manufacturing shops... Railroad shops Railroad shops, road A '.3422 Boiler makers helpers: Outside men... Manufacturing shops... Core makers...* Machinists:.. Manufacturing shops... Breweries Railroad shops Molders, iron..... Pattern makers: Jobbing shops... Manufacturing shops... Millwork. Carpenters... Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders: Cutters, finishers, and forwarders, printed and blank work Rulers Compositors Electro typers: Battery men, builders, finishers, and molders Press feeders: Cylinder presses Press assistants (cylinder presses) Platen presses Press assistants (platen presses) Pressmen, cylinder presses: Foremen... Operating 1 or 2 presses Pressmen, platen presses: Foremen, 3 or more presses Operating 3 or more presses Foremen, 1 or 2 presses Operating less than 3 presses Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Linotype operators: Daywork Nightwork Daywork... Nightwork Machine tenders: Daywork... Nightwork Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork... Head pressmen, nightwork... 42* *.7059 Journeymen, daywork Journeymen, nightwork... 42* *.6353 Stereotypers, daywork or nightwork WASHINGTON, D. C. Bakery trades. Bakers, first hands: Hand bakeries... Machine bakeries... $0 $ Building trades. Bricklayers: Building work... Sewer work * *.7500 * *. 750G

78 7 8 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T ab le I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH CITY, BY TRADES, ON MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Concluded. WASHINGTON, D. C. Concluded. May 15,1912. May 15, Honrs of Building trades Concluded. Carpenters... Carpenters, stair builders... Engineers, hoisting and portable... Hod carriers: Brick and mortar men... Wheelbarrowmen... Inside wtiremen... Inside wiremen s helpers: Third year... Second year... Marble cutters and setters... Marble setters helpers... Painters... Plasterers... Plasters laborers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Sheet-metal workers... Steam fitters... Steam fitters helpers... Stonecutters... Stonemasons... Structural ironworkers and finishers... Structural ironworkers, finishers helpers... Tile layers... Granite and stone trades. Granite cutters: Inside men Machine men... Outside men... Stonecutters... Metal trades. Machinists... Molders, iron: Bench and floor... MiUwork. Carpenters... Painters, hardwood finishers... Printing trades, book and job. Bookbinders... Compositors... Compositors, makers-up, and stonemen... Electrotypers... Linotype operators... Machine tenders... Press feeders: Cylinder presses... Platen presses... Pressmen, cylinder presses: Operating 1 or 2 presses Pressmen, platen presses: Operating 1 to 3 presses... Printing trades, newspaper. Compositors: Daywork... Nightwork... Linotype operators: Daywork... Nightwork... Machine tenders: Daywork... Nightwork... Pressmen, web presses: Head pressmen, daywork... Head pressmen, nightwork.... Tension men, day or nightwork... Oilers and platers, day or night w ork... Stereotypers: Daywork... N ightwork... * $0 * $0 * * * * * * * * f f.5890

79 UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, MAY 15, T a b le I I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN EACH TRADE, BY CITIES, MAY 15, 1912 AND BAKERY TRADES. BAKERS: First hands. May 15,1912. May 15,1913. City. J\Torth A tlaniic. Boston, Mass.: German union... eo $ $ Hebrew union Mixed union Buffalo, N. Y.: German union, oven men, davwork German union, oven men, nightwork Polish union, oven men Newark, N. J.: German union, 2-man and 3~man shops and oven men s helpers German union, 4-man shops, oven men and dough mixers Hebrew union, daywork Hebrew union, nightwork Italian union New Haven, Conn.: German union, hand and machine bakeries Hebrew union, foremen... CO New York, N. Y.: Bohemian union English union German union A, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Richmond, and Queens German union B, Manhattan, East Side German union B, Manhattan, West Side, and Bronx German union B, machine bakeries, Brooklyn, Queens, and Richm ond Hebrew union Hebrew union, East Side Italian union Scandinavian union Philadelphia, Pa.: German union... I Hebrew union Polish union... I.3000 Pittsburgh, Pa.: 51 German union, foremen... Hebrew union, foremen Polish union Providence, R. I.: Hebrew union South Atlantic. Baltimore, Md.: German union... i Hebrew union...!.3500 Washington, D. C.: Hand bakeries Machine bakeries North Central. Chicago, 111.: German union, hand bakeries, daywork German union, hand bakeries, nightwork Bohemian union, hand bakeries, daywork... Bohemian union, hand bakeries, nightwork German union, machine bakeries, daywork German union, machine bakeries, nightwork Hebrew union, hand bakeries, nightwork Polish union, hand bakeries, aaywork Polish union, hand bakeries, nightwork... Scandinavian union, hand bakeries, daywork Scandinavian union, hand bakeries, nightwork Cincinnati, Ohio: Oven men, hand bakeries, daywork Oven men, hand bakeries, nightwork... Oven men and dough mixers, machine bakeries, daywork. 31 Cleveland, Ohio: Bohemian union, daywork Bohemian union, nightwork Hebrew union, daywork Hebrew union, nightwork... 4a

80 80 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I. UNION SCALE OF WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR IN EACH TRADE, BY CITIES, MAY 15, 1912 AND 1913 Continued. BAKERY TRADES Continued. BAKERS: First hands Concluded.! May 15,1912. May 15,1913. City. j North Central Concluded. Detroit, Mich.: 1 German union, foremen and dough mixers, day or night work... 1 Hebrew union, foremen, 2 ovens, daywork $ $ Hebrew union, foremen, 2 ovens, nightwork...! Hebrew union, foremen, 1 oven, daywork... j Hebrew union, foremen, 1 oven, nightwork...! Indianapolis, Ind.: j Oven men, daywork i Oven men, nightwork... Scranton, Pa.: German union Kansas City, Mo.: Foremen in small shops, hand bakeries Oven men, hand bakeries Spongers, hand bakeries Oven men, machine bakeries...i Spongers or mixers, machine bakeries...! Foremen pie bakeries, hand bakeries... j Foremen pie bakeries, machine bakeries...j.4167 Foremen cake and roll bakeries, hand bakeries Milwaukee, Wis.: 1 German union, nightwork... i Hebrew union, daywork...; Minneapolis, Minn.: j German union, foremen, 1 or more men, daywork...! German union, foremen, 1 or more men, nightwork...!.3704 German union, foremen, working alone, daywork German union, foremen, working alone, nightwork Omaha, Nebr.: Foremen, daywork... Foremen, nightwork St. Louis, Mo.: Bohemian union, foremen over less than 5 men, hand bakeries German union, foremen, hand bakeries Hebrew union, foremen, oven men, hand bakeries German union, foremen, machine bakeries German union, oven men, machine bakeries German union, assistant oven men, machine bakeries German union, spongers/machine bakeries German union, foremen, with less than 4 men, cake bakeries... St. Paul, Minn.: Foremen South Central. Dallas, T ex... Louisville, Ky.: Mixers Oven men Memphis, Tena.: Foremen, hand bakeries, daywork Foremen, hand bakeries, nightwork Foremen, machine bakeries, nightwork Oven men and spongers, machine bakeries, nightwork Denver, Colo.: Western Foremen, working with 5 or more men Foremen, alone or with less than 5 men Oven men Mixers Los Angeles, Cal.: Oven m en Portland, Oreg.:, Foremen over 2 or more men in hand bakeries Foremen over 1 man in hand bakeries Oven men in hand bakeries Oven men and bench men in hand bakeries San Francisco, Cal.: Foremen, hand bakeries Oven men, machine bakeries Seattle, Wash.: Foremen