U nion W ages and Hours in the Building Trades July 1, 1944

Transcription

1 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Frances Perkins, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Isador Lubin, Commissioner (on leave) A. F. Hinrichs, Acting Commissioner + U nion W ages and Hours in the Building Trades B u lletin T^o. 815 [Reprinted from the Monthly Labor Review, January 1945, w ith additional data]

2 Letter of Transmittal The Secretary of Labor: U nited States D epartment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D. C., February 20, I have the honor to transmit herewith the annual report on union wages and hours in the building trades, as of. This report was prepared in the Bureau s Industrial Relations Division. Donald H. Gerrish was in immediate charge of t^e field work and preparation of the report, assisted by Annette V. Simi, under the general supervision of Don. Q. Crowther. A. F. Hinrichs, Acting Commissioner. Hon. Frances Perkins, Secretary of Labor. (ii) For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. Price 10 cents

3 Contents Page Summary Scope and method of study Union hourly wage rates: Trend of union wage rates, 1907 to Average hourly wage rates, Changes in union wage rates between and 10 Union wage rates, by city and region 13 Overtime and Sunday rates Weekly hours: Trend of straight-time weekly hours, 1907 to Weekly hours, Changes in weekly hours between and Union scales of wages and hours by cities and trades 25 (m ) M <W

4 CHART I UNION WAGE RATES AND HOURS IN BUILDING TRADES

5 B ulletin T^jo. 815 o f the U nited States Bureau o f Labor Statistics [Reprinted from the Monthly Labor Review, January 1945, with additional data] Union Wages and Hours in the Building Trades, Summ ary Union wage rates for journeymen in the building trades in 75 cities averaged $1.59 per hour on. For helpers and laborers the average was $0,939, and journeymen and helpers combined, $1.48. Based on comparable data obtained for both and, average hourly wage rates for journeymen advanced only 0.8 percent during the year; for helpers and laborers, the increase was 1.2 percent. About 16 percent of the total union membership benefited by these increases. Bricklayers had the highest average rate for the journeyman trades ($1,814), and composition roofers had the lowest ($1.44).* Individual scales ranged from 50 cents per hour for building laborers in Charleston, S. C., and Tampa, Fla., to $2,541 for journeyman sign painters in New York City. Straight-time weekly hours for journeymen averaged 39.8 on July 1, ; helpers averaged 40 hours. There has been very little change in straight-time hours during the past 10 years. The overtime rate of time and a half has become almost universal in the building trades for the duration of the war. Scope and M ethod o f Study Since 1907 the Bureau of Labor Statistics has made annual surveys of union scales in the building trades. The original studies included 14 journeyman and 4 helper and laborer trades in 39 cities. The scope has been expanded gradually to include 27 journeyman and 10 helper and laborer trades in 75 cities, representing 40 States and the District of Columbia.1 From 1907 to 1938, rates were collected as of May 15, but from 1939 through 1941 the collection date was June 1. Owing to the Building Construction Stabilization Agreement,2 effective 1942, rates for 1942 and subsequent years have been obtained as of July 1. The material for the study was collected by field representatives of the Bureau, through personal interviews with local union officials in each city. Wage and hour scales reported were checked against signed union agreements when such were available, or with the local building contractors who used union labor. The Bureau s agents obtained 2,571 quotations covering 520,747 union members, 83 percent See footnotes 1 and 2 on page 2. a )

6 2 of whom were journeymen and 17 percent helpers. Wage scales for apprentices, foremen, or persons who were paid unusual rates for personal reasons rather than for distinct trade qualifications were not included in this study. Union scale. A union scale is a wage rate or schedule of hours agreed upon by an employer (or group of employers) and a labor organization, for persons who are actually working or who would be working if there were work to be had in that locality. A union scale fixes a limit in one direction; that is, it provides a minimum wage and maximum hours of work with specific provisions for overtime. Wage rates of individual union members may exceed the basic scale by reason of their length of service or special qualifications. Such rates are excluded from this survey if they are not the result of collective bargaining and, therefore, do not appear in union agreements. Averages. The averages given in this report are weighted according to the number of members in the various local unions who were employed or available for employment in the building-construction industry. Union members in the armed forces or those employed in war industries other than building construction were excluded, even though they were paying dues to the local building-trades union. In cities where different union scales (either of wage rates or hours) for the same trade were in existence for public and private work, both rates were used, weighted according to the number of union members working at each rate. Index numbers. In the series of index numbers (1939=100) the percentage change from year to year is based on aggregates computed 1 The following are the cities covered. The numerals indicate the population group in which the city is included in tables 7. and 8. North and Pacific Baltimore, Md. II. Indianapolis, Ind. III. Reading, Pa. IV. Binghamton, N. Y. V. Kansas City, Mo. III. Rochester, N. Y. III. Boston, Mass. II. Los Angeles, Calif. I. Rock Island (111.) district IV. Buffalo, N. Y. II. Madison, Wis. V. St. Louis, Mo. II. Butte, Mont. V. Manchester, N. H. V. St. Paul, Minn. IH. Charleston, W. Va. V. Milwaukee, Wis. II. Salt Lake City, Utah. IV. Chicago, 111. I. Minneapolis, Minn. III. San Francisco, Calif. II. Cincinnati, Ohio. III. Moline, 111., included in Rock Island (111.) district. Seattle, Wash. III. Scranton, Pa. IV. Cleveland, Ohio. II. Columbus, Ohio. III. Newark, N. J. III. South Bend, Ind. IV. Davenport, Iowa, included in New Haven, Conn. IV. Spokane, Wash. IV.* Bock Island (111.) district. New York, N. Y. I. Springfield, Mass. IV. Dayton, Ohio. IV. Omaha, Nebr. IV. Toledo, Ohio. III. Denver, Colo. III. Peoria, 111. IV. Washington, D. C. II. Des Moines, Iowa. IV. Philadelphia, Pa. I. Wichita, Kans. IV. Detroit, Mich. I. Pittsburgh, Pa. II. Worcester, Mass. IV. Duluth, Minn. IV. Portland, Maine. V. York, Pa. V. Erie, Pa. IV. Portland, Oreg. III. Youngstown, Ohio. IV. Grand Rapids, Mich. IV. Providence, R. I. III. South and Southwest Atlanta, Ga. III. Jackson, Miss. V. New Orleans, La. III. Birmingham, Ala. III. Jacksonville, Fla. IV. Norfolk, Va. IV. Charleston, S. C. V. Little Rock, Ark. V. Oklahoma City, Okla. IV. Charlotte, N. C. IV. Louisville, Ky. III. Phoenix, Ariz. V. Dallas, Tex. III. Memphis, Tenn. III. Richmond, Va. IV. El Paso, Tex. V. Mobile, Ala. V. San Antonio, Tex. III. Houston, Tex. III. Nashville, Tenn. IV. Tampa, Fla. IV. 2 The contracting agencies of the United States Government and the Building Trades Department of the A. F. of L. agreed that on all war construction work in continental United States the wages paid under collective-bargaining agreements as of 1942, should remain in full force and effect for a period of at least 1 year, subject to annual renewal for the duration of the war. All renewals were to contain the rates paid,as of 1942, unless specifically declared otherwise by an especially established Wage Adjustment Board, composed of representatives from the building-trades unions and the contracting agencies of the United States, with the Assistant Secretary of Labor acting as chaixfnan. In September', the Wage Adjustment Board was reconstituted as a tripartite body and was given authority by the National War Labor Board to approve or disapprove wage adjustments in private construction work also, in line with the national wage-stabilization policy.

7 3 from the quotations of the unions which furnished reports for identical occupations in 2 consecutive years. The membership weights in both of the aggregates used in each year-to-year comparison are those reported for the second year. The index for each year is computed by multiplying the index for the preceding year by the ratio of the aggregates so obtained. The index numbers were revised on this basis in 1936 in order to eliminate the influence of changes in union membership, which obscure the real changes in wages and hours. In this report the base has been shifted from 1929 to 1939 and the index figures for each year have been revised accordingly. Caution. For the trend of union scales, the tables of indexes (tables 1, 2,9, and 10) should be consulted; for a comparison of wage rates between trades at a given time, the averages (table 3) should be used. Union H ourly W age Rates TREND OF UNION WAGE RATES, 1907 TO Reflecting the effectiveness of the Building Construction Stabilization Agreement and the Federal wage-stabilization policy, average union wage rates increased only 0.8 percent, both for journeymen and for all building-trades workers, from, to. Increases for helpers and laborers averaged 1.2 percent (table 1). After 1939, the base year of the index, rates for journeymen increased 12 percent; for helpers and laborers, 20 percent; and for journeymen and helpers combined, 14 percent. The greatest increase in wages for all building-trades workers in recent years (since the severe reductions experienced during the period ) was realized from 1937 to The rise in the index in that year exceeded the rise during the war building boom of The largest increases during any one year for both journeymen and helpers were those obtained immediately after the first World War, during the year Table 1. Indexes of Union H ourly Wage Rates in A ll Building Trades, 1907 to [1939=100] Year All trades Helpers and laborers Year All trades Helpers and laborers ions _

8 4 Stonecutters, who reported a very small membership and who have almost no work in the building-construction industry at present, had the greatest average increase (9 percent) during the year ended. Granite cutters reported increases averaging almost 4 percent. Only six other journeyman trades reported increases as high as 1 percent. Plumbers laborers reported the highest average increase for the helper and laborer trades (2.4 percent). Among the other trades, only building laborers, composition roofers helpers, and steam and sprinkler fitters helpers had increases of as much as 1 percent. Indexes for the individual journeyman trades, showing the trend of wage scales since 1907, indicate that wages rose gradually until 1918, when a few trades received large increases. Between 1919 and 1920 all trades received very substantial raises. Part of this increase was lost when all journeymen trades except glaziers experienced a slight set-back in 1922, but in 1923 all trades again showed increases. Wages then continued to rise generally until Between 1931 and 1932 every trade experienced serious wage-scale reductions. Most trades started to show slight recovery as early as 1934, but a few did not show increases until as late as Practically all of the trades for which information is available reported the greatest post-depression increases during the year In only four trades did the war building boom of cause greater percentage increases than those received between 1937 and Since the base year (1939), wages for 21 of the 27 journeymen trades have risen from 9 to 15 percent. Marble setters snow the smallest increase (5 percent) and granite cutters the largest (18 percent). The trend of the index for the helper and laborer trades follows that of the individual journeymen trades discussed above. All trades showed considerable wage increases during the year ; in 1922 a slight drop was reported for all except steam and sprinkler fitters helpers; and in 1923 a general rise was again experienced, continuing until 1931 when a big reduction in wages occurred in all trades. Five of seven helper trades for which data were available obtained their greatest post-war depression increases during the year Two (including building laborers) received their largest increases during Percentage increases fo. helpers since 1939 generally exceed those for journeymen. Three trades, led by building laborers with 23 percent, show increases in excess of 20 percent. Tile layers and steam and sprinkler fitters helpers, with 11 percent each, had the smallest increases since the base year.

9 5 T able 2. Indexes of Union Hourly Wage Rates in Each Building Trade, 1907 to [1939=100] Year Asbestos workers Cement finishers Boilermakers Bricklayers Carpenters Electricians (inside wiremen) Elevator constructors Glaziers Granite cutters iprt U K ft * fi ; Marble setters Mozaic and trerazzo workers Painters Year Lathers Machinists Paperhangers Plasterers Plumbers and gas fitters Bodmen ft b >G3$ 68?~45-2

10 6 Table 2. Indexes o f Union H ourly W age Rates in Each Building Trade, 1907 to Continued [1939=100] Marble setters Mosaic and terrazzo Painters workers Plumbers and gas fitters Year Lathers Machinists Paperhangers Plasterers Rodmen Year Roofers Roofers Sheetmetal composition and tile * slate workers Sign painters Steam and sprinkler fitters Stonecutters Stonemasons Structuraliron workers1 Tile layers 1fift IflftR * ! ! ! ! J ' i Included rodmen prior to 1940.

11 7 Table 2. Indexes of Union Hourly Wage Rates in Each Building Trade, 1907 to Continued [1939=100] Year Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Composition roofers helpers Plasterers laborers Plumbers laborers Steam and sprinkler fitters helpers Tile layers helpers fi AVERAGE HOURLY WAGE RATES, JULY 1, On, the average hourly wage rate for journeyman building-trades workers in 75 cities was $1.59 (table 3). The average for helpers and laborers was $0,939 per hour, and for the combined groups, $1.48. Bricklayers had the highest average for the journeyman trades ($1,814 per hour), almost 9 cents per hour higher than the average for elevator constructors ($1,726), who were in second place. The boilermakers, electricians, and plasterers also had average rates above $1.70 per hour, and 11 other trades exceeded the journeyman average ($1.59). The composition roofers average ($1.44) was the lowest for all journeyman trades. Among the helper and laborer trades, steam and sprinkler fitters helpers had the highest average ($1,262). Elevator constructors helpers were second ($1,212). Only the plumbers laborers, building laborers, and composition roofers helpers had average rates of less than $1.00. Three-fifths of the journeymen had scales ranging from $1.50 to $1.80 per hour, most of the actual rates being $1.50, $1,625, or $1.75

12 8 per hour. Less than a tenth of 1 percent of the journeymen (all glaziers) had rates below $1.00 per hour, while 6 percent had scales of $2.00 or more. Table 3. D istribution o f Union M em bers in the Building Trades, b y H ou rly W age Rates9 July i, Percent of union journeymen whose rates (in cents) per hour were Averrr> i raae i age rate Un- and and and and and and and and and and 200 per der un un un un un un un un un un and hour 100 der der der der der der der der der der over $1,590 0) A shp.stos workers _ Boilerm akers. _ (i) Brieklayers Carpenters _ Cement finishers (0.5 Electricians, inside wiremen Elevator constructors' i Glaziers Granite cutters Lathers Machinists Marble setters Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters Paperhangers Plasterers Plumbers and gas fitters Hodmen Roofers, composition Roofers, slate and tile Sheet-metal workers _ Sign p ain ters Steam and sprinkler fitters Stonecutters Stonemasons Structural-iron workers T ile layers.... _... _ Trade Percent of union helpers and laborers whose rates (in cents) per hour were Average rate per Un and and and and and and and and and and hour der un un un un un un un un un un 60 der der der der der der der der der der Helpers and laborers... $0,939 2, Bricklayers tenders B u ild in? laborers.875 To Composition roofers helpers Elevator constructors helpers Marble setters helpers Plasterers laborers P lum bers lahorers Steam and snrinkler fitters helners Terrazzo workers helpers Tile lavers helners _ i. i Less than a tenth of 1 percent.

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14 10 In 23 of the 27 journeyman trades the majority (a substantial majority in most cases) of members were covered by scales between $1.50 and $1.80 per hour. In the 4 exceptions, wage rates of less than $1.50 covered more than a third of the carpenters, and a half of the glaziers and composition roofers; while the slate and tile roofers had large numbers, but not a majority, of their members in the $1.50- $1.60 and $l.t0-$1.80 rate intervals. Only the boilermakers, elevator constructors, and marble setters had no scales below $1.30. The marble setters, mosaic and terrazzo workers, and paperhangers had no rates as high as $1.80 per hour. Among the bricklayers, the trade with the highest average, more than a third of the members were earning at least $2.00 per hour. The highest scale for journeymen ($2,541) was received by sign painters in New York City; the lowest ($0,900) by glaziers in Charlotte, N. C. More than two-thirds of the helpers and laborers had rates between 80 cents and $1.20 per hour; a fifth had scales below 80 cents, and about 1 union helper in 10 worked for a scale higher than $1.20 per hour. About half of the building laborers, who represent the largest group among the helper and laborer trades, had rates ranging from 80 cents to $1.00. All of the other helper trades, except composition roofers helpers, had substantial majorities of their members earning more than $1.00 per hour. More than two-fifths of the steam and sprinkler fitters helpers received $1.50 per hour. All of these members belonged to a New York City local. Only the elevator constructors helpers had no scales below 80 cents, and only the composition roofers helpers had no scales as high as $1.10. A majority of these roofers helpers received less than 80 cents per hour. Plumbers laborers, as well as steam and sprinkler fitters helpers, in New York City and plasterers laborers in San Francisco reported the highest scale, $1.50 per hour. Building laborers in Charleston, S. C., and Tampa, Fla., had the lowest scale, 50 cents per hom*. CHANGES IN UNION WAGE RATES BETW EEN AND About a sixth of the union members received increases in wage scales during the period, to. These increases were reflected in about 16 percent of the quotations (table 4). However, as the number of r* embers covered by each quotation varies considerably, the relationship between the number of quotations indicating increases and the number of members benefiting by these increases is not significant. Although the granite cutters (82.6 percent) and the stonecutters (62.1 percent) had by far the largest proportion of their members receiving scale increases, neither of these trades had much work in the building industry in, and very few quotations were obtained for them, the total membership representing less than three-tenths of 1 percent of all journeymen covered by the study. Among the substantial increases recorded by the more active trades, the bricklayers, painters, and paperhangers had the largest percentage of quotations providing increases about a fourth of the quotations for each trade. The paperhangers had the largest percentage of members receiving increases (36.2 percent). The elevator constructors reported increases covering about a fourth of their members, and

15 11 the bricklayers, painters, cement finishers, and sign painters each had over 20 percent of their members covered by rates higher than those reported in. Table 4. N um ber o f Changes in Union W age-rate Quotations and Percent o f M em bers Affected, Jm y 2, 2944, Compared With July 2, Trade Number of quotations comparable with Number of quotations showing Increase No change Percent of union members affected by Increase No change All building trades... 2, , , , Asbestos workers Boilermakers Bricklayers Carpenters Cement finishers Electricians, inside wiremen Elevator constructors Glaziers Granite cutters Lathers Machinists Marble setters Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters Paperhangers Plasterers Plumbers and gas fitters Hodmen Roofers, composition Roofers, slate and tile Sheet-metal workers Sign painters Steam and sprinkler fitters Stonecutters Stonemasons Structural-iron workers Tile layers Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Composition roofers' helpers Elevator constructors helpers Marble setters' helpers Plasterers laborers Plumbers laborers Steam and sprinkler fitters helpers Terrazzo workers helpers Tile layers helpers The helpers and laborers had slightly more success than the journeymen in obtaining increases during the period of the study. Onefifth of the quotations, including 17.5 percent of the union helpers and laborers, showed increases. About half of the quotations for steam and sprinkler fitters helpers showed raises, but because of the heavy concentration of members in New York City where the rates remained the same, this increase only affected 14.5 percent of their members. Increases during the year for building laborers were reported in about a fourth of the quotations, covering about a fifth of the members. The plumbers laborers had the largest proportion of their members affected by increases (32 percent), followed by the composition roofers helpers (24 percent) and the elevator constructors helpers (21 percent). Over three-fourths of the quotations showing increases involved changes of less than 10 percent; about half of the quotations, including

16 12 three-fifths of the members receiving increases, showed rates between 5 and 10 percent higher than in (table 5). Twenty-two percent of the quotations showed gains of 10 percent or more, but these increases benefited only about 8 percent of those getting higher scales and 1.3 percent of the total membership. T able 5. N um ber o f Increases in Union W age-rate Quotations and Percent o f M em bers Affected, by Percent of Increase, July i,, Compared With Number of quotations, showing increases of Percent of total members affected by increases of Trade Less than 5 percent 5 and under 10 percent 10 and 16 percent under 16 percent and over Less than 5 percent 5 and under 10 percent 10 and under 15 percent 15 percent and over All building trades A,shcstos workers Boilermakers (i).1 Bricklayers. _ flarpe/nters _ Cement finishers Electricians, inside wiremen Elevator constructors Glaziers Granite cutters Lathers Machinists Marble setters Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters Paperhangers Plasterers Plumbers and gas fitters Hodmen Pnofers, composition Hoofers, slate and tile Sheet-metal workers I ) Sign painters Steam and sprinkler fitters Ptoneentters Stonemasons Structural-iron workers _ Tile layers Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Gotoposition roofers helpers Elevator constructors helpers Marble setters helpers Plasterers laborers Plumbers laborers Steam and sprinkler fitters' helpers Terrazzo Workers' helpers. _ Tile layers helpers i Less than a tenth of 1 percent. About two-thirds of the journeymen receiving pay raises had increases of between 5 and 10 percent; very few journeymen members obtained as much as 10 percent. Practically all of the stonecutters affected by increases obtained at least 10 percent, and almost a third of the reported membership had increases of 15 percent or more. This resulted from increases reported in New York City and Toledo, where a majority (57 percent) of the members of this trade were located. Sign painters (11.1 percent) and mosaic and terrazzo workers (5.2 percent) were the only other trades with significant per

17 13 centages of members receiving increases as high as 10 percent. The carpenters had the greatest proportion of members (15.3 percent) benefiting by increases of from 5 to 10 percent. Seven other trades had more than 10 percent of their members in this bracket. Practically all of the granite cutters and elevator constructors who received increases obtained less than 5 percent over their scales. The large percentage of granite cutters in this group was due to an increase in New York City, where most of those reporting were located. The largest percentage increase for journeymen (25 percent) was received by some of the paperhangers and sheet-metal workers in Charleston, S. C., where rates were raised from $1.00 to $1.25 per hour. Almost two-fifths of the helper and laborer quotations showed increases of 10 percent or more, and about a fifth showed increases of at least 15 percent during the year. As among the journeymen, the largest number of helper quotations (about half) showed increases of from 5 to 10 percent. Composition roofers helpers had only two quotations showing increases, but these quotations included almost a quarter of the total membership reported for this trade, all of whom had increases between 5 and 10 percent. Over a fifth of the plumbers laborers were also in this group. Almost 5 percent of the plumbers laborers and more than 4 percent of the building laborers had inert'as es of at least 15 percent. The largest percentage increase for helpers and laborers (20 percent) was reported by the building laborers in Springfield, Mass., whose scale rose from 75 to 90 cents per hour. UNION WAGE RATES, BY CITY AND REGION Average Changes in Each C ity4 Minneapolis had the largest percentage increase in wage rates (4.4 percent) for all building-trades workers in the 75 cities from, to (table 6). Seattle (4.3 percent) followed close behind, and Cleveland (4 percent) held third place. Twenty-one other cities had increases higher than the average increase for all cities (0.8 percent). Eleven cities reported no changes in scales during the year. The percentage increases for journeymen follow closely the increases recorded for all trades. Changes for helpers, however, show no relationship to the changes for all trades combined. Helpers in San Antonio, Tex., had the greatest percentage increase over (19.3), followed closely by Little Rock (19.2 percent). Helpers in Buffalo received average increases as high as 16.8 percent, and six more cities had increases of 10 percent or more. Thirteen additional cities had increases higher than the increase for all cities combined (1.2 percent). Helper scales remained unchanged in 31 cities. «These net changes are based on the specific rates for and, weighted by the membership for each union in. Only those quotations showing comparable data for both years are included. As buildingtrades wage rates tend to be changed by additions of either 12H or 10 cents per hour, specific increases for will reflect larger percentage changes among those trades with comparatively lower actual scales: thus, if the carpenters in city A changed their scale from $1.00 to $1.12^4 an increase of 12H percent is registered, while if in city B the increase is from $1.50 to $1,625, the percentage change is only 8H percent. For this reason those cities which have lower scales tend to show greater percentage increases than those which have higher scales. Both table 6 and table 7 should be consulted in making comparisons between cities

18 14 Table 6. Percent of Change in Union Building-Trades Wage Rates in Each City, July It, to J u ly 1, Percent of increase Percent of increase City All trades Helpers and laborers City All trades Helpers and laborers All cities Mobile, Ala \TocVnrillo J.MaollViliUy HPurm AcUU x. o 3 Atlanta, Oa Newark, N. J _! Baltimore, Md New Haven, Conn 0 0 o Binghamton, N. Y New Orleans, La Birmingham, Ala New York, N. Y Boston~Mass_ ) Norfolk, Va Buffalo, N. Y ) 16.8 Oklahoma City, Okla Butte, Mont.1.1 (!) Omaha, Nehr Charleston, S. C Peoria, (l) Charleston^ W. Va Philadelphia, Pa Charlotte, N. C.8.8 >0 Phoenix, Ariz Chicago, ) 0 (i) Pittsburgh. P a Cincinnati, Ohio Portland, M aine _ C leveland, Ohio Portland, Oreg. _ Columbus, Ohio Providence, R. I Dallas, Tex Reading, P a D ayton, Ohio Richmond, Va Denver, Colo Rochester, N. Y Des Moines, Iowa Rock Island (111.) dis Detroit, Mich trict 2 0) 0.1 D uluth, Minn (i) fit. Louis, M o El Peso, Tex St. Paul, Minn Erie, Pa Salt Lake City, Utah Grand Rapids, Mich San Antonio, Tex Houston, Tex San Francisco, Calif.6 (l) 4.0 Indianapolis, Ind Scranton, P a Jackson, M iss. _. 0 0 Seattle, Wash Jacksonville, Fla. _. 0 0 o South Bend, Tnd Kansas City, Mo Spokane, Wash Tlittle Rock, Ark Springfield, Mass Los Angeles, Calif (i) (i).1 Tampa, F la Louisville, Ky Toledo, O h io Madison, Wis.1 0) 1.1 Washington, D. C 3: Manchester, N. H 0 o 0 Wichita, Kans Memphis, Tenn Worcester, Mass Milwaukee, Wis.7.8 0) York, Pa Minneapolis, Minn Youngstown, Ohio Less than a tenth of 1 percent. 2 Includes Rock Island and Moline, 111., and Davenport, Iowa. Average Rates, by Size of C ity5 Newark had the highest average hourly rate ($1.90) for all of the 75 cities studied (table 7). New York ($1,868) was second, far ahead of Washington in third place with an average of $1,749. Chicago had the second highest average ($1,720) among the largest (group I) cities, but this was almost 15 cents lower than the New York average. No other city in this group exceeded the group average ($1,691). Pittsburgh ($1,740) was very close behind Washington, which had the highest average in group II. The Cleveland and Buffalo averages also exceeded that for group II ($1,617). Seattle ($1.62) was second in group III; but its average was 28 cents lower than that of Newark which had the highest average of any of the * * The averages presented are weighted according to the number of members in each local union covered by the reported rates and in many cases may be lower than a simple average of specific rates owing to the heavy memberships in the less-skilled trades which carry the lower rates. Although a comparison of average rates between cities where averages include the influence of the weighting factor (membership) may be misleading, owing to unusually high or low memberships in some cities in comparison with the same trades in other cities, a weighted average of this kind is obviously more realistic than a simple average. In the latter case, a wage rate for a trade including half a dozen members would be given the same importance as a trade including several hundred members.

19 15 75 cities. Five other cities had averages higher than the group III average ($1,504). Youngstown, with an average of $1,616, led group IY cities, and 11 other cities had averages exceeding the group average C H AR T 9 AVERAGE UNION WAGE RATES IN BUILDING TRADES ACCORDING TO SIZE OF C ITY AND REGION 1,000, , , ,000 40,000 ANO OVER UNOER UNDER UNDER UNDER 1,0 0 0, , , ,000 UNIT t o STATES DEPARTMENT OP CASON BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS ($1,415). Charleston, W. Ya. ($1,581) had the highest average in group V cities, while York, Pa., not only had the lowest average in this group but also the lowest for any city studied ($1,129).

20 16 T able 7. Average Union H ourly W age Rates in the Building Trades, b y Cities and Population Groups, July J, City and population group Average hourly rate City and population group Average hourly rate Population group I (over 1,000,000): New York, N. Y... Chicago, Average for group I... Philadelphia, Pa... Detroit, Mich... Los Angeles, Calif Population group II (500,000 to 1,000,000): Washington, D. C... Pittsburgh, Pa... Cleveland, Ohio Buffalo, N. Y... Average for group II San Francisco, Calif... Boston, Mass St. Louis, Mo Baltimore, Md... Milwaukee, W is... Population group III (250,000 to 500,000): Newark, N. J... Seattle, Wash... - Toledo, Ohio Cincinnati, Ohio Rochester, N. Y , Kansas City, Mo Denver, Colo Average for group III Indianapolis, Ind... Columbus, Ohio Minneapolis, Minn... St. Paul, Minn... Louisville, Ky... Houston, Tex... Birmingham, A la.... Portland, Oreg Providence, R. I Dallas, Tex... Atlanta, Ga Memphis, Tenn New Orleans, La San Antonio, Tex... Population group IV (100,000 to 250,000): Youngstown, Ohio Dayton, Ohio Peoria, South Bend, Ind Spokane, Wash New Haven, Conn... Springfield, Mass Erie, Pa... Reading, Pa Rock Island (111.) district»... Grand Rapids, Mich Des Moines, Iowa... Average for group IV... Oklahoma City, Okla... Salt Lake City, Utah... Omaha, Nebr... Worcester, Mass... Scranton, Pa... Richmond, Va... Duluth, Minn... Jacksonville, Fla... Tampa, Fla... Norfolk, Va... Wichita, Kans Nashville, Tenn Charlotte, N. C... $1, , , i includes Rock Island and Moline, 111., and Davenport, Iowa. Journey men Contmuzd. Population group V (40,000 to 100,000): Charleston, W. Va... Butte, Mont.... Mobile, Ala... Phoenix, Ariz... Average for group V Binghamton, N. Y... El Paso, Tex... Little Rock, Ark... Charleston, S. C... Madison, Wis... Manchester, N. H... Jackson, Miss... Portland, Me... York, Pa... Helpers and laborers Population group I (over 1,000,000): New York, N. Y... Chicago, Average for group I... Los Angeles, Calif... Detroit, Mich... Philadelphia, Pa... Population group II (500,000 to 1,000,000): San Francisco, Calif Cleveland, Ohio... Milwaukee, Wis... Boston, Mass... Buffalo, N. Y... Average for group I I... Pittsburgh, Pa... St. Louis, Mo Baltimore, Md... Washington, D. C... Population group III (250,000 to 500,000): Newark, N. J... Seattle, Wash... Minneapolis, Minn St. Paul, Minn... Portland, Oreg... Cincinnati, Ohio... Kansas City, Mo... Toledo, Ohio... Denver, Colo... Indianapolis, Ind... Providence, R. I... Columbus, Ohio... Rochester, N. Y... Average for group III... Dallas, Tex... Louisville, Ky... New Orleans, La... Houston, Tex... Birmingham, Ala.... Memphis, Tenn... San Antonio, Tex Population group IV (100,000 to 250,000): Spokane, Wash... South Bend, Ind Peoria, 111 New Haven, Conn... Springfield, Mass Salt Lake City, Utah... Dayton, Ohio... Rock Island (111.) district1... $ Z vvo

21 17 T able 7. Average Union H ou rly W age Rates in the Building Trades, hy Cities arid Population Groups, July i, Continued City and population group Average hourly rate City and population group Average hourly rate Helpers and laborers Continued Helpers and laborers Continued Population group IV (100,000 to 250,000) Population group IV (100,000 to 250,000) Continued. Continued. Scranton, Pa _. $0,883 Nashville, Tenn $0,587 Worcester, Mass _ Tampa, Fla Erie, Pa Population group V (40,000 to 100,000): Ties Moines, Towa. _ Rntte, Mont.945 Youngstown, Ohio _.. _.852 Portland, Maine.927 Ane.raqf.far group TV U Madison, Wis.878 Wichita, ICans..811 Phoenix, Ariz Unlnth, Minn nharleston, W. Va.836 Omaha, Nehr _ Binghamton, N. Y Heading, Pa.761 York, Pa Grand Rapids, Mich Manchester, N. H Oklahoma City, Okla,.694 A ne.rnge. for group V r.767 Norfolk, Va.682 Little Rock, Ark Richm ond, V a... _..671 M obile, Ala.689 Charleston, S. O Newark also had the best average among the helpers and laborers ($1,247 per hour), followed closely by New York ($1,222); Seattle was third ($1,169). In addition, Chicago ($1,115) in group I, San Francisco ($1.06), Cleveland ($1,055), Milwaukee ($1,041), Boston ($1,024), and Buffalo ($1.02) in group II, Spokane ($1,025), South Bend ($1,023), and Peoria ($1,007) in group IV, all had averages exceeding $1.00. The lowest average for helpers (52 cents) was found in Charleston, S. C. Average Rates by Region and Trade Excluding regional differences, the largest cities had the highest average rates for the journeyman trades as well as for all building trades combined (table 8). This did not hold true for the helpers and laborers, however, where cities in size group IV had a slightly higher average than those in group III. This direct variation by city size did not hold for the individual trades, occurring in only 12 of the journeyman and 5 of the helper and laborer trades. A comparison of averages for journeymen, helpers, and all building trades combined, in the North and Pacific region 6 shows that the largest cities reported the highest wage scales. This relationship also holds in 14 of the individual journeyman and 7 of the helper and laborer trades. In the South and Southwest there were only three cases of direct variation by city size among the journeyman trades and none among the helpers. In all but 3 of the 32 possible comparisons between size IV and V cities, size V cities in the South and Southwest region had higher averages than size IV cities. Comparison of average rates on a regional basis is confined to cities in size groups III, IV, and V since there is no city in the South or Southwest with a population of 00,000 or more.

22 18 T a b l e 8. Average Union W age Rate in Each Building Trade, by Region and Population Group, July I, Cities in population group > Trade Group 12 North and Pacific Group I I 2 Group III Group IV Group V North and Pacific All North South cities and and Pacific All North cities and Pacific South and Southwest Southwest All cities All building trades... $1.597 $1.515 $1,364 $1.457 $1.216 $1,316 $1.357 $1.224 $1,256 $1.290 $1.231 North South and and Pacific Southwest _ Asbestos workers Boilermakers Bricklayers Carpenters Cement finishers Electricians, inside wiremen Elevator construetors Glaziers Granite cutters (3) Lathers Machinists Marble setters Mosaic and terrazzo workers l. n Painters Paperhangers Plasterers plumbers and gas fitters Hodmen Roofers, composition XvUUiulO) *Pr\Afni,Q Matt/ cl of a ofwi axiu. tile Sheet-metal workers Sign painters Steam and sprinkler fitters Stonecutters Stonemasons S tr u c tu r a l- ir o n workers Tile layers Helpers and laborers Bricklayers' tenders Building laborers Composition roofers helpers Elevator constructors helpers Marble setters helpers Plasterers laborers \ Plumbers laborers Steam and sprinkler fitters helpers Terrazzo workers helpers Tile layers helpers " " " Group I includes cities over 1,000,000 population; group II, 500,000 to 1,000,000; group III, 250,000 to 500,000; group IV, 100,000 to 250,000; and group V, 40,000 to 100, No city of this size in the South or Southwest. 8 Insufficient quotations to compute an average. Average rates are higher in the North and Pacific region than in the South and Southwest for journeymen and helpers considered separately, as well as for all building trades combined. The differences in favor of the North and Pacific are most noticeable among the helpers and laborers, where the difference in group III cities is 32 cents per hour; in group IV, 26.5 cents; and in group V, 17.2 cents.

23 19 The difference for journeymen is 15.6 cents in group III, 16 cents in group IV, but only four-tenths of 1 cent in group V. Among the individual journeyman trades there are 75 possibilities for comparison of the wage rates on a regional basis. In 60 of these cases the North and Pacific region has higher average scales than the South and Southwest region. Twelve of the 15 differences in favor of the South and Southwest appear in size V cities. Four of the five cities with the lowest average in this size group are in the North and Pacific region, York, Pa., having the lowest average for all cities (see table 7). As previously stated, differences in average rates in favor of the North and Pacific region are most marked among the helper and laborer trades. Among 20 possibilities for comparison of averages between the two regions, every one shows a higher average for the North and Pacific region, the greatest difference being 42.6 cents for the plastered laborers in group IV cities. Overtime and Sunday Rates Overtime and Sunday rates provided by union agreements have in most cases been adjusted by mutual understanding and in accordance with policies adopted by the Wage Adjustment Board for this industry, which call for time and a half after 40 hours per week and for Saturday or Sunday work. As union agreements often call for double time for all overtime and practically always for Saturday or Sunday work, the adjustments in overtime rates are specifically limited to the duration of the war and are not usually made in writing. W eekly H ours TREND OF STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY HOURS, 1907 TO During the period, to, average weekly hours for all building-trades workers increased only two-tenths of 1 percent, based on comparable quotations obtained for both years (table 9). Average straight-time hours for journeymen advanced 0.2 percent, but scales for helpers registered no change. This slight increase in hours resulted from the adoption of the 40-hour week on non-government work to avoid confusion caused by having two different hour scales operating within one jurisdiction. Regulations on Government work normally require 40 hours per week at straight time before overtime payments can be made. Hour scales for building journeymen dropped steadily from 1907 to 1929, except for a slight increase after the 1922 depression. The decline in hours was accelerated between 1929 and 1938 by the establishment of shorter straight-time hours in an effort to spread the work among more union members. Hour decreases during this period ranged from 9 percent for elevator constructors, roofers, sign painters, and stonecutters to 17 percent for granite cutters. In the latter part of 1940 and in 1941, when the Federal Government started its war program of heavy construction, the requirement of 40 hours at straight time caused the index to show a slight rise. The index of weekly hours, however, can be expected to show a sharp drop after the war as many of the provisions for hour changes are verbal, and in the written provisions, clauses have been inserted stating that any increases in hours are to terminate immediately at the end of the war.

24 20 T a b l e 9. Indexes o f Union W eek ly H ours in A ll Building Trades, to [1939«100] Year All trades Helpers and laborers Y ea r A ll tra d es J o u r n e y m e n H e lp ers an d laborers Hour scales for helpers also dropped steadily from 1907 to 1929, except for a slight rise after the 1922 depression. Between 1929 and 1938 there were several hour changes, resulting in a general drop of 11 percent during this period. The 40-hour week on Federal building projects has tended to decrease hours for helpers since 1941 rather than to increase them. Before the war, several helper and laborer trades in some cities reported straight-time hour scales in excess of 40. Hour scales for the individual trades did not follow the sharp 1-year changes that appeared in wage scales after the first World War and during the depression. However, each of the trades experienced substantial reductions in straight-time hours between 1929 and These reductions were due largely to the share-the-work efforts during the depression. Since 1939, the base year of the index, substantial average hour increases for journeymen have been recorded by paperhangers (8.9 percent), painters (6.8 percent), plasterers (6.1 percent), electricians (4.6 percent), and lathers (3.6 percent). A large part of these increases, except for plasterers, took place between 1941 and Plasterers registered their increase between 1942 and. Prior to these dates each of the trades listed had many members working under agreements calling for overtime pay if the men were required to work more than 30 or 35 hours per week. Building laborers and bricklayers, tenders, who constitute the bulk of the helper and laborer group, both show hour decreases since 1939, the base year for the index. Plasterers laborers and tile layers helpers show very slight hour increases. A considerable increase in hours (10.6 percent) was recorded for steam and sprinkler fitters helpers, attributable almost exclusively to an increase in from 30 to 40 hours in New York City, where the majority of the members of this trade were reported.

25 21 T a b l e 10. Indexes of Union W eekly Hours in Each Building Trade, 1907 to [1939**100] Year Asbestos workers Cement finishers Boilermakers Bricklayers Carpenters Electricians (inside wiremen) Elevator constructors Glaziers Granite cutters ft ft A / A l i & l ft / ft ft lo f t f t fta ft/ ftfi ftft Year Lathers Machinists Marble setters Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters Plumbers and gas fitters Paperhangers Plasterers Rodmen / A ft /

26 22 T able 10. Indexes of Union W eekly Hours in Each Building Trade, 1907 to Continued [1939=100] Year Leathers Machinists Marble setters Mosaic and terrazzo Painters workers Plumbers and gas fitters] Paperhangers Plasterers Rodmen Year tile Roofers composition Roofers slate and Sheetmetal workers Sign painters Steam and sprinkler fitters Stonecutters Stonemasons Structuraliron workers 1 Tile layers ! * ! ! il * '8 115! ! Included rodman prior to 1940.

27 23 T a b l e 10. Indexes o f Union W eekly Hours in Each Building Trade, 1907 to Continued [1939=100] Year Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Composition roofers helpers Plasterers Plumbers laborers laborers Steam and sprinkler fitters helpers Tile layers helpers a IQ loss _ W EEKLY HOURS, Straight-time weekly hours provided by union agreements averaged 39.9 on. averaged 39.8 and helpers 40 hours per week (table 11). Although many unions in past years reported the existence of straight-time hours below 40 per week, the agreement between the Government agencies and the Building and Construction Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor has made the 40-hour straight-time week almost universal.7 In many cities where unions had established 30- or 35-hour straighttime workweeks for private work, it was agreed to set aside these short weeks on all work to avoid confusion. It was easier to recruit good men for the essential Government work if the overtime rates for this work were effective after the same number of hours as for private work. In addition, all unions bringing cases before the Wage Adjustment Board since April must agree to abide by the policy of that board which calls for a 40-hour straight-time workweek. Those trades that are not active at present in war construction or any other building construction work (the granite cutters, stonecutters, 7 An agreement between the Building and Construction Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor and the Contracting Agencies of the United States Government, dated M ay 22,1942, effective 1942, stabilized wages and established the straight-time 40-hour week on all Government projects.

28 24 mosaic and terrazzo workers, and marble setters) still have substantial numbers of their members under agreements calling for fewer than 40 hours per week. The sign painters, whose work is generally private, and the painters and glaziers, who do a large amount of private repair and renovation work, also have many members working a 35-hour straight-time week. Twelve journeyman trades averaged exactly 40 hours. Only 0.2 percent of all the building-trades workers covered had straight-time weeks in excess of 40 hours, and only 0.4 percent worked under agreements calling for as short a workweek as 30 hours. Table 11. Distribution of Union Members in Each Building Trade, by W eekly Hours, Trade Average hours per week Percent of union members having workweeks of 30 hours 35 hours 40 hours 44 hours and over All building trades Asbestos workers Boilermakers Bricklayers Carpenters Cement finishers ) Electricians, inside wiremen (9 Elevator constructors Glaziers Granite cutters Lathers Machinists Marble setters Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters Paperhangers.... _ Plasterers Plumbers and gas litters ( Hodmen Roofers, composition Roofers, slate and tile.... _ Sheet-metalworkers Sign painters Steam and sprinkler fitters ) Stonecutters _ St onemasons Structural-iron workers Tile layers. _ _ Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Composition roofers helpers Elevator constructors helpers... _ Marble setters helpers _ Plasterers laborers Plumbers' laborers Steam and sprinkler fitters* helpers Terr«77.o workers helpers Tile la ers be. pe.rs Less than a tenth of 1 percent. Seven of the 10 helper trades averaged 40 hours, and only the terrazzo workers helpers (36.4 percent) and the marble setters helpers (11.1 percent) had a material number of members working less than 40 hours. Four trades had a few members covered by straight-time workweeks in excess of 40 hours. CHANGES IN WEEKLY HOURS BETWEEN AND On the basis of comparable quotations for and there was practically no change in weekly hours during the year. Over 99 percent of the quotations, including an equal proportion of journeymen

29 25 and helpers, provided the same hours for both years. Twenty-one journeyman and 6 helper and laborer trades reported no change since. Where unions have agreed to an increase in straight-time weekly hours on private work from 30 or 35 to 40, these hour increases are all to be terminated as soon as the war ends. Union Scales o f W ages and H ours by Cities and Trades Table 12 lists the union rates of wages per hour and hours per week in effect on, and, for each building trade for which there is an effective union scale in each of the 75 cities included in the survey. Sometimes there are two or more union rates for the same occupation in the same city. This may be attributed to two or more unions having different scales, to one unions having different agreements with different employers because of various qualifications or conditions, or to both of these situations. Where more than one union rate is in effect all are listed, and the letters A, B, C, etc., are used to designate the different quotations. The sequence of the letters is in no way intended to indicate the relative importance of the quotations or unions so designated. T a b l e 12. Union Scales of Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July 1,, and J u ly 1, ATLANTA. GA. [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] A sbestos workers Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement finishers Electricians (inside wiremen): Jobs over $ 2, Jobs under $2, :... Elevator constructors Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors... Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, and draglines... Graders, motor... Hoists: 1 drum... 2 drums Mixers: 10S or smaller... Larger than 1 0 S... Pumps Rollers... $1,500 $ Engineers power equipment op erators Continued. Scrapers... $1.150 $1,000 Shovels ^... Tractors Trenching machines Glaziers Lathers: Metal Wood Marble setters Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters... Paperhangers Plasterers... Plumbers Roofers, composition Sheet-metal workers... Sign painters Steam fitters Structural-iron workers Rodmen Tile layers BALTIMORE. MD. Asbestos workers... $1,688 $1,688 Engineers power equipment op Boilermakers... erators: Bricklayers Air compressors... i $1,500 * $1,500 Carpenters When used in banks com Cement finishers prising a plant... a >1.800 Electricians (inside wiremen) Bulldozers * * Elevator constructors Cranes, derricks, and dragline. >1.800 >1.800 See footnote on p: 26.

30 26 Table 12. Union Scales of Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities9 July 2, 2944, and J u ly 2, Continued BALTIMORE, MD. Continued [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise Indicated] Engineers power equipment op- Roofers: orator s Continued. Composition... $ $ Graders: Slate and tile Road-... i $1,500 i $1,500 Sheeters... Elevating Sheet-metal workers Hoists: Steam fitters drum... i 1 Sprinkler fitters drums *1.800 Stonemasons... Mixers Structural-iron workers Pumps... i 1 Rodmen Rollers: Tile layers... Excluding hot asphalt 1 1 Power, on hot asphalt Helpers and laborers Shovels... *1.800 *1.800 Tractors »1.125 Bricklayers tenders Without mechanical attachments... *1.000 *1.000 Elevator constructors helpers Building laborers Trenching machines * Marble setters' helpers Glaziers Plasterers laborers Lathers Plumbers laborers Machinists... Steam fitters helpers Marble setters... Sprinkler fitters helpers Painters Terrazzo workers helpers Structural steel Tile layers helpers Paperhangers Plasterers Plumbers Asbestos workers Bricklayers... Carpenters... i Cement, finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)---- Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors... Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, and draglines Graders, power... Hoists Mixers... Pumps: Under 4 in., and not more than 3 in battery... 4 in. and over and not more than 3 in battery.. Rollers... Scrapers... Shovels Trenching machines: Barber Green... Large type... BINGHAMTON, N. Y. $ $ Glaziers... $1.125 $ Lathers... Marble setters Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters Paperhangers Plasterers Plumbers and gas fitters ,600 Roofers: C om position Slate and tile Sheet-metal workers Steam fitters Stonemasons Structural-iron workers... Rodmen... Tile layers Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Plasterers laborers Plumbers laborers Steam fitters helpers BIRMINGHAM, ALA. Asbestos workers Boilermakers.... Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen) Elevator constructors... * Broken time, $1,625 per hour. * Broken time, $2,000 per hour. $1,500 $ Engineers power equipment op erators: Air compressors $ Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, and drag lines Graders.... * Broken time, $1,250 per hour. * Broken time, $1.125 per hour. $1,250

31 27 Table 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities,, and J u ly I, Continued B IR M IN G H A M, ALA. Continued [H ours per week, 40, unless otherw ise indicated ] Engineers power equipment operators C ontinued. Hoists: 1 drum... 2 drums... Letourneau... Mixers: Under 5 bags 5 bags or more... Pumps... Rollers... Scrapers... Shovels... i... Tractors... Trenching machines... Glaziers... Lathers... Machinists... Marble setters... Mosaic and terrazzo workers... Painters Structural steel and swing stage... Painters C ontinued. Spray... $2.375 $2,375 Paperhangers... $1,250 $1,250 Plasterers Plumbers... Roofers, composition Sheet-metal workers Sign painters... Steam fitters... Stonemasons Strucutral-iron workers... Rodmen... Tile layers... Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Marble setters helpers Plasterers laborers Plumbers laborers Steam fitters helpers Tile layers helpers * Asbestos workers.... Boilermakers.... Bricklayers... Carpenters... Wharf and bridge... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors.... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors... Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, and draglines Graders Hoists... Mixers... Pumps... Rollers... Scrapers...: Shovels... Tractors... Trenching machines... Glaziers... Lathers... Marble setters... Mosaic and terrazzo workers... Painters Plasterers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Roofers: Composition... BOSTON, MASS. $1,650 $1.650 Roofers C ontinued Slate and tile... $ $1,500 Sheet-metal workers Sign painters Letters: Agreement A_ Agreement B Pictorial: Agreement A 'CO Agreement B *00 Steam fitters "0 Sprinkler fitters Stonecutters (inside) Carvers (outside)... 1 " Stonemasons Structural-iron workers o Rodmen Tile layers Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Composition roofers helpers Elevator constructors helpers i. iro Marble setters helpers Plasterers laborers Sprinkler fitters helpers Terrazzo workers helpers Tile layers helpers BUFFA LO, N. Y. Asbestos workers $ $ Cement finishers $1,500 $1,500 Boilerm akers. Swing scaffold Bricklayers Machine operators Carpenters _,. _ Swing scaffold Millwrights Electricians (inside wiremen)...

32 28 Table 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July I, 2944, and J u ly 2, Continued BUFFA LO, N. Y. Continued [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] C ontinued Elevator constructors $1,750 $ Plumbers and gas fitters $ $ Engineers power equipment op- Roofers: ators: Composition Air compressors Residential Bulldozers.. Slate and tile Cranes, derricks, and drag Sheet-metal workers lines. Sign painters Oradcrs, power Pictorial painters Hoists Steam fitters Letonrnean Sprinkler fitters _ Mixers, % cu. yd, or over Stonemasons Pumps: Structural-iron workers TTnder 4 in _. T_ 1.( Rodmen in or over _ Sheeters iron workers _ Rollers Tile layers Shovels... Tractors Helpers and laborers Trenching machines... Glaziers Bricklayers tenders _ Lathers Mortar mixers _ Marble setters Building laborers Mosaic and terrazzo workers... Elevator constructors helpers Painters Marble setters helpers Spray and structural iron Plasterers laborers Swing stage Steam fitters helpers Over 100 feet, steel and Sprinkler fitters helpers flonr mills Terrazzo workers helpers _ Paperhangers Tile layers helpers Plasterers... Boilermakers... Bricklayers Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors... Bulldozers Cranes, derricks, and draglines... Graders... Hoists: 1 drum... 2 drums or more... Letourneau: Single. In tandem Mixers: Less than 4 bags... 4 bags or over... Prunes: 6 in. or less... Over 6 in... Rollers... On all types of finishing. B U T T E, M O NT. $1,325 $1.225 Engineers power equipment op *1.850 * erators Continued. «* Scrapers... $ $1,500»2.000 * Shovels... «1.833»1.833 Tractors Trenching machines... Glaziers Granite cutters (inside) Lathers *2.000 *2.000 Painters... Paperhangers... Plasterers... * *2.000 Plumbers... *2.000 * Roofers, composition...*12*4*6* 8 «1 250 Sheet-metal workers... Sign painters... Steam fitters *2.000 Structural-iron workers Rodmen.... Tile layers Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders...»1.333»1.333 Building laborers... «.900 «.900 Elevator constructors helpers Plasterers laborers... «1.333 «1.333 * Hours per week, 30. Hours per week, 48.

33 29 Table 12. Union Scales of Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities9, and J u ly I, Continued CHARLESTON, S. C. [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Carpenters.... Government... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors: Portable, 1 u n it... Portable, 2 or 3 units... Bulldozers Cranes, derricks, and draglines Graders, automotive and other types... Hoists: 1 drum... 2 drums... Steel erection... Letourneau... Mixers: 2 bags and under... Over 2 bags... Pumps Concrete-... Rollers... Scrapers... Shovels... Tractors... $ $1,250 Engineers power equipment op erators Continued Tren ching machines... $ $1,250 Glaziers Painters Spray Steel Paperhangers: Agreement A... Agreement B Plasterers Plumbers.... Roofers: Composition Slate and tile... Sheet-metal workers " Government ' Sign painters Steam fitters.... Structural-iron workers Rodmen Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers : Elevator constructors helpers Plumbers laborers CHARLESTON, W. VA. Asbestos workers $ $1,625 Glaziers $1,250 $ Boilermakers... Lathers Bricklayers Marble setters Carpenters... Mnslae and t.p.rrs.7.7n workers Millwrights Plasterers Cement finishers Government Government Plumbers Electricians (inside wiremen) Roofers: Engineers power equipment op Composition.... erators: Slate and tile Air compressors Sheet-metal workers Bulldozers Steam fitters Cranes, derricks, and drag Stonemasons lines..... _ Structural-iron workers Graders R odm en _ T r Hoists: Tile layers drum 2 drums... Helpers and laborers Mixers: 1 bag and under Bricklayers tenders: Over 1 hag.. On mortar box Pumps. _ On wheelbarrow._ Rollers B u ild ing laborers Shovels. _.. Plasterers laborers Traetors Plumbers' laborers Trenching machines, excavating...

34 30 Table 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July I,, and J u ly 1, Continued CHARLOTTE, N. C. [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Ashp.Kt.ns workers $ $ Plasterers _. $ "Rrinlrlayprs _ Plumbers Carpenters Sheet-metal workers... Cement finishers Government Electricians (inside wiremen) Steam fitters... Elevator constructors Stonemasons... Glaziers Tile layers Ppin t.prs Spray, bridge, structural steel, and stage... Paperhangers... Asbestos workers Boilermakers Bricklayers... Sewer, tunnel, etc Carpenters Cement finishers... Pavement, curb and gutter... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Modernization... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Double drum mixers... A ll other building construction eq uipm ent... Glaziers... Lathers Machinists... Marble setters... Mosaic and terrazzo workers---- Painters... Pa peril angers... Plasterers... Plumbers CHICAGO, ILL. Helper8 and laborers $ Elevator constructors helpers $1,700 $1,700 Roofers: Composition... $1,750 $1,750 Foremen Slate and tile Sheet-metal workers Sign painters Steam and sprinkler fitters Stonemasons Structural-iron workers Finishers Rodmen Tile layers Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Elevator constructors helpers Marble setters helpers Plasterers laborers Sprinkler fitters helpers Terrazzo workers helpers Base-machine operators Tile layers helpers CINCINNATI, OHIO Asbestos workers Boilermakers... Bricklayers Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors (plant operation)... Portable... Bulldozers... Cranes and draglines... Derricks Graders: Power Elevating and blade... Hoists: High speed... Hoisting engines Hours per week, 48. $1.550 $1, Continued Engineers power equipment operators Continued. Mixers: Concrete, with capacity of more than 1 bag, or 1-bag capacity, with side loaders... Paving, 27E and over... Pumps, over 4 in. capacity discharge... Rollers, asphalt... Scrapers... Shovels... Tractors... Trenching machines... Glaziers.... Lathers... $1.300 $1, Machinists.... Marble setters.... Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters

35 31 Table 12. Union Scales of Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities,, and J u ly i, Continued C IN C IN N A T I, OHIO Continued [H ours per week, 40, unless otherw ise indicated ] Paperh angers _ $1,400 $1,350 Structural-iron workers $1.725 $1.675 Plasterers Hodmen Plumbers Tile layers Roofers: Composition Helpers and laborers Slate and tile... Preeast slab. _ Bricklayers tenders Sheet-metal workers Building laborers Sign painters Elevator constructors helpers Steam fitters Marble setters helpers Stonecutters Plasterers laborers Stonem asons Terrazzo workers helpers C L EVELA N D, OHIO Asbestos workers... $1,625 $1,550 Boilermakers... Bricklayers Sewer and caisson Carpenters Cement finishers Electricians (inside wiremen) Elevator constructors Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors: Steel erection Portable Bulldozers... Cranes and draglines Derricks... Graders: Power Blade Hoists: High speed... Hoisting engines... Mixers: 1-bag capacity, with side loaders... 27E and over... Pumps, over 4-in- capacity discharge Rollers, asphalt... Scrapers... Shovels Tractors Trenching machines Glaziers Steel sash... Granite cutters (outside) Inside Lathers Machinists... Marble setters Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters _ $1.550 $1,525 Fresco Spray C0 Structural steel Swing stage Paperhangers Plasterers Plum bers Roofers: Composition Foremen Slate and tile Sheet-metal workers _ Sign painters Steam fitters Refrigeration service: Commercial Household Sprinkler fitters Stonecutters (outside) _,.. _ Inside Stonemasons Structural-iron workers Sheeters. _ R odm en,, Tile layers. _ Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders: Agreement A A greement B Building laborers Elevator constructors helpers Marble setters helpers Plasterers laborers Plumbers laborers Sprinkler fitters helpers Terrazzo workers helpers Tile layers helpers COLUM BUS, OHIO Asbestos workers Boilermakers... Bricklayers... Carpenters... Wharf and bridge... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen) $1,625 $1,625 Engineers power equipment op erators: Air compressors... $1,500 $1,500 Portable Bulldozers Cranes and draglines... Derricks...

36 32 Table 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities,, arwl J u ly I, Continued COLUM BUS, O H IO Continued [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] C ontinued Engineers power equipment operators Continued. Graders: Power... Elevating and blade... Hoists: High speed Hoisting engines... Mixers: Concrete, with capacity of more than 1 bag, or 1-bag capacity with side loaders... Paving, 27E and over... Pumps, over 4-in. capacity discharge... Rollers, asphalt Scrapers... Shovels Tractors Trenching machines... Glaziers Lathers... Marble setters... Mosaic and terrazzo workers... Painters----* Structural steel and spray Paperhangers... $ $ Plasterers...* Plumbers $ $ Roofers: Composition... Foremen Slate and tile Sheet-metal workers... Sign painters Steam fitters Stonecutters Stonemasons Structural-iron workers Rodmen Tile layers Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers x Composition roofers helpers Marble setters helpers oJ Plasterers laborers Terrazzo workers helpers Tile layers helpers DALLAS, T E X. AsbPStns workers $ $ Glaziers $1.000 $1,000 Bricklayers _. _, Lathers Carpenters Marble setters Cement finishers Mosaic and terrazzo workers Electricians (inside wiremen) Painters Elevator constructors Spray or stage,. Engineers power equipment Paperhangers operators: Plasterers Air compressors Plumbers _ Bulldozers Roofers: Cranes, derricks, and draglines Composition Graders: Slate and tile Self-propelled Sheet-metal workers T_ Towed... _T T Sign painters... _ 7 7 Hoists: Steam fitters... 1 drum ^ Stonemasons drums Structural-iron workers Letourneaii, _ Rodmen. _... Mixers: Tile layers-... Less than 14 cu. ft cu. ft. or over Helpers and laborers Pumps... Rollers Bricklayers tenders Scrapers: Building laborers cu. yd. or less Elevator constructors helpers Over3eu. yd Plasterers laborers _ Shovels Plumbers laborers Tractors... Steam fitters helpers Trenching machines... 7 Hours per week, 44. DAVENPORT, IOWA (See Rock Island (111.) District)

37 33 T able 12. Union Scales of Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July 1,, and J u ly 1, Continued DAYTON, OHIO [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Asbestos workers... B oilermakers Bricklayers.... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors Portable Bulldozers Cranes and draglines... Derricks... Graders: Power... Elevating and blade Hoists: High speed... Hoisting engines... Mixers: Concrete, with capacity of more than 1 bag, or 1-bag capacity with Paving, 27E and over... Pumps, over 4-inch capacity discharge...; Rollers, asphalt... Scrapers... Shovels Tractors... Trenching machines... C ontinued $1,500 $1,500 Glaziers... $1,550 $1, Lathers Marble setters... Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters C25 Spray Structural iron and bridge Swing and scaffold... _ Paperhangers... Plasterers Plumbers Roofers: Composition Foremen Slate and tile... Sheet-metal workers Sign painters Steam and sprinkler fitters Stonemasons Structural-iron workers... l; Rodmen... Tile layers... Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Elevator constructors helpers Plasterers laborers Plumbers laborers DENVER, COLO. Asbestos workers... $1,400 $1,400 Granite cutters Continued. Boilermakers Surface-machine operators $ $ Bricklayers Lathers, ±.. L Sewer work Machinists Carpenters Marble setters Cement finishers Mosaic and terrazzo workers Composition floor layers Painters,,, Electricians (inside wiremen) Plasterers. Elevator constructors... Plumbers Engineers power equipment Roofers: operators: Composition... Air compressors Slate and tile 1.5C Bulldozers Sheet-metal workers 1. 5C0 Cranes, derricks, and drag Sign painters... «lines Steam fitters Hoists: Stonecutters... 1 drum _ 1.5C0 Structural-iron workers_ 2 drums... Rodmen Mixers: Tile layers... Under 1 cu. yd... 1 cu. yd. or over Helpers and laborers Pumps Rollers Bricklavers tenders _ Shovels Building laborers Tractors... Elevator constructors helpers Ditching machines Marble setters helpers Glaziers (outside) Plasterers' laborers _ inside Plumbers laborers Granite cutters (outside)... Terrazzo workers helpers Inside Tile lavers helpers * Hours per week, 35.

38 34 Table 12. Union Scales of Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities,, and J u ly I, Continued DES MOINES, IOWA [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Asbestos workers Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen) Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors... Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, and draglines... Graders... Hoists: 1 drum... 2 drums... Letourneau... Mixers: Under 2 bags... Paving type... Pumps: Under 3 in... 3 in. or over... Rollers... Scrapers... Shovels... Tractors... Trenching machines... Glaziers... Lathers... Continued $1,600 $ Marble setters... $ $ Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters Spray Paperhangers Plasterers... Plumbers Roofers: Composition: New work Reroofing Slate and tile Sheet-metal workers... Sign painters Steam fitters Stonemasons Structural-iron workers Rodmen Tile layers... Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Elevator constructors helpers Marble setters helpers Plasterers laborers Plumbers laborers Terrazzo workers helpers Tile layers helpers DETROIT, MICH. Asbestos workers... Home insulators... Boilermakers... Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Building construction... Steel... Air compressor operators: Concrete... Steel... Glaziers... Lathers... Residential... Machinists...1 Marble setters... Mosaic and terrazzo workers. Painters... Spray or swing stage Paperhangers... Plasterers... Residential... Plumbers... $ $ Roofers: Composition... Foremen... Slate and tile: Slate... Tile... Sheet-metal workers... Sign painters... Steam fitters... Sprinkler fitters... Stonemasons... Structural-iron workers... Rodmen... Tile layers... Residential... Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders... Mortar mixers... Building laborers... Elevator constructors helpers Marble setters helpers... Plasterers laborers... Sprinkler fitters helpers... Terrazzo workers helpers... Base-machine operators Tile layers helpers... Residential... $1.550 $

39 35 Table 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities,, and J u ly I, C ontinued DULUTH. MINN. [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Bricklayers.... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, and draglines... Graders: Heavy blade, motor patrol... Elevating... Hoists, 1 drum... Letourneau... Mixers: 14S or smaller... Over 14S... Pumps... Rollers: Under 8 tons tons or over... Scrapers... Shovels... Tractors hp. or less without power take-off... Asbestos workers... Bricklayers... Carpenters Cement finishers Electricians (inside wiremen)... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors... Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, and draglines... Graders, road... Hoists: 1 drum... 2 or 3 drums... Letourneau... Mixers: Under 10S... 10S and over... Pumps... Rollers... Shovels... Tractors... Trenching machines... $1,438 $1,375 Engineers power equipment operators Continued Trenching machines... $1,500 $1, Glaziers Lathers Painters Structural steel Paperhangers Plasterers Plumbers... Roofers, composition Foremen Shinglers and siders Sheet-metal workers Sign painters... Steam fitters... Stonemasons Structural-iron workers Rodmen Tile layers Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Elevator constructors helpers Plasterers laborers Plumbers laborers EL PASO, TEX. $1,500 $1,500 Glaziers... $1 125 $1.125 Marble setters Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters..._ Stage Structural steel... 1 '" Paperhangers ? Plasterers Plumbers and gas fitters Sheet-metal workers Sign painters Steam fitters Stonecutters Stonemasons Structural-iron workers Rodmen... Tile layers Helpers and laborers Plumbers laborers ERIE, PA. Boilermakers... Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen). Elevator constructors... 7 Hours per week, 44. a. 750 U. 750 Engineers power equipment op erators: Air compressors... $1,375 $ Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, and drag lines...

40 36 T a b l e 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July l f, and J u ly I, Continued E R IE, PA. Continued [H ours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated ] J y l, Engineers power equipm ent Painters Continued. operators Continued. Structural iron $1,500 $ Graders: Paperhangers Pow er-... $ $1,500 Plasterers E levatin g.. Plum bers.... Hoists: Roofers: 1 dmm Com position 2 drum s Slate and tile. _ T1 Teton to ean _ Sheet-metal workers Mixers: Steam fitters 1 bag Stonemasons 2 bags and over Stmotnral-iron workers P u m p s R odm en Rollers: Tile layers On grades... On finish Helpers and laborers Scrapers... Shovels.... Bricklayers tenders: Tractors Using hod Trenching machines. Using wheelbarrow Glaziers _... Building laborers Lathers Elevator constructors helpers M arble setters Plasterers laborers Mosaic and terrazzo workers P lum bers laborers Painters Steam fitters helpers Swing. _ Tile layers helpers Spray GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Asbestos workers $1.525 $1,525 Plum bers _. $ $1,500 Bricklayers Roofers, com position, C arpenters Foremen Wharf, bridge, and mill Sheet-metal workers... wrights 1.5C0 Sign painters Cement finishers Steam fitters _.. Electricians (inside wiremen): Stonemasons Jobs of under 1,500 man-hours. Structural-iron workers Jobs of over 1,500 man-hours,. Rodmen Residential, T ile layers E levator constructors Glaziers Helpers and laborers Lathers.... Marble setters Bricklayers tenders M osaic and terrazzo workers Building laborers. _ Painters Elevator constructors helpers Spray and swing stage _ Plasterers laborers» Paperhangers Terrazzo workers helpers Plasterers Asbestos workers... Boilermakers... Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: All heavy equipment... All light equipment... Air compressors... Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, draglines HOUSTON, TEX. Hours per week: 40, ; and 44,. $ $ Engineers power equipm ent operators Continued Graders, road and elevating: Towed... $ $1,250 Self-propelled.... Hoists: 1 drum... 2 drums... Mixers: Less than 14 cu. ft cu. ft. or over... Pumps, larger than 2 in... Scrapers: 3 cu. yd. or less

41 37 Table 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities,, and J u ly 1, Continued HOUSTON, TEX. Continued [H ours per week, 40, unless otherw ise indicated ] Continued Engineers power e q u ip m e n t Roofers: operators Continued. Composition $1,125 $1.125 Scrapers Continued. Slate and tile... Over 3 cn. yd... $1,500 $1,500 Sheet-metal workers Tractors... Sign painters _ Trenching m achines. _ Steam fitters Glaziers Stonemasons Lathers. Structural-iron workers M achinists Rodmen M arble setters. _ Tile layers Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters Helpers and laborers Structural steel and stage Spray Bricklayers tenders _ Paperh angers Building laborers Plasterers Elevator constructors helpers Plum bers.... Plasterers laborers INDIANAPOLIS, IND. Asbestos workers. $1,500 $ Lathers $1,500 $1,500 Bricklayers M achinists. Carpenters Marble setters Cement finishers M nsaic and terrazzo workers Electricians (inside wiremen) Painters,.. T Elevator constructors Paperhangers: Engineers power equipment Agreement A operators: Agreement B *1.425 Air compressors Plasterers Tn battery _ Plumbers Bulldozers Roofers: Cranes, derricks, and drag Composition lines _ Foremen Graders: Slate and tile Elevating _ Rheet-metal workers Perm n,., Sign painters H oists. _ Steam f i t t e r s... _. Mixers: Stonemasons Tinder 21 cn. ft Structural-iron workers cn. ft. or over Bodmen Dual drum... Tile layers. Pumps: Over 2 in Helpers and laborers In battery of Rollers: Bricklayers tenders On earth Building laborers On stone, blacktop, or Composition roofers helpers brick Elevator constructors helpers Shovels _ Plasterers laborers Tractors _ Plumbers laborers Trenching machines Terrazzo workers helpers Glaziers JACKSON, MISS. Bricklayers $1,500 $1,500 Carpenters Cement finishers.... Electricians (inside wiremen)---- Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors.... Bulldozers.... Cranes, derricks, and draglines Hours per week, 44. Engineers power e q u ip m e n t operators Continued. Graders: Road.... Motor.... Hoists: 1 drum drums... Mixers: 10S or smaller... $ $

42 38 T a b l e 12. Union Scales of Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July 1,, and J u ly 1, Continued JACK SO N, M ISS. Continued [H ours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated ] C ontinued Engineers power equipment operators Continued. Mixers Continued. Larger than 10S $ C ontinued Painters... Paperhangers Plasterers... Plnmhftrs $1, $1, $ Pumps Roofers: Rollers, Composition Perapers _rr.. Plate and tile phnvftls _ Pheet-metal workers _ Tractors Sign painters Trenching machines._ ^ Steam fitters.... Claviers Rt.metnral-iron workers. _ Lathers Rodman. Mosaic and terrazzo workers Tile layers. JACK SO NVILLE, FLA. C ontinued Asbestos workers $1,500 $1,500 Machinists $ $1,250 Boilerm akers _rir_ Marble setters Bricklayers Mosaic and terrazzo workers Carpenters Painters _ Cement finishers Spray Electricians (inside wiremen) Paperhangers Elevator constructors... Plasterers Engineers power equipment op Plumbers and gas fitters... erators: Roofers: Air compressors Com position _ Bulldozers Slate and tile Cranes, derricks, and drag Sheet-metal workers.. lines Sign painters Hoists: Steam fitters drum, Stonemasons 2 drum s Structural-iron workers M iners Rod men Pum ps Tile layers _ T _ Rollers Shovels... Helpers and laborers Tractors Glaziers Elevator constructors helpers Lathers.... Asbestos workers Boilermakers., i... Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen) Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors in tandem... Bulldozers Cranes, derricks, and draglines.... Graders, elevating.... Hoists: 1 drum... 2 drums... Letourneau... Mixers... Pumps Hours per week, 44. KANSA S C ITY, MO. $ $ Engineers power equipment op erators Continued Rollers... $1,500 $1,500 Shovels... Tractors Trenching machines (hoe) Glaziers Lathers Machinists Marble setters... Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters... Paperhangers.... Plasterers Plumbers and gas fitters Roofers: Composition... Foremen Slate and tile... Sheet-metal workers... Residential...

43 39 T able 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July I,, and J u ly 1, Continued K A N SA S C IT Y, M O Continued [H ours per week, 40, unless otherw ise indicated ] Helpers and laborers Sign painters $ $1,625 Bricklayers tenders... r $1.050 $1,050 Steam fitters Building laborers Sprinkler fitters Elevator constructors helpers Refrigerator fitters: Marble setter s helpers Installation Plasterers laborers Service _ Plumber s laborers Stonemasons Sprinkler fitters helpers. _ Structural-iron workers Terrazzo workers helpers Rodm en Tile layers helpers. _ Tile layers LITTLE ROCK, ARK. Asbestos workers Bricklayers Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Government.... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors. _ v... Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, and draglines... Graders: Road Elevating Hoists: 1 drum drums... Mixers: Under 2 bags... 2 bags and over Pumps Rollers... $1,500 $1,500 Engineers, etc. Continued. $1,500 Shovels... Trenching machines. _ r Glaziers M arble setters... _ Painters Spray Government Structural steel Paperhangers Plasterers Plum bers Sheet-metal workers Sign painters _. _ Steam fitters Structural-iron workers. _ R odm en Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders _ Hod carriers Building laborers Elevator constructors helpers Plumbers laborers.750 $ LOS ANGELES, CALIF. Asbestos workers... Home insulators Boilermakers... Bricklayers-... Carpenters... Millwrights... Parquetry floor layers.... Wharf and bridge... Cement finishers... Composition and mastic finishers Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors... Bulldozers Cranes, derricks, and draglines: Less than 1 cu. yd... 1 cu. yd. or more... Graders...* Hoists... Mixers: Paving type.... Skip type... Mobile type... $ $ Engineers power equipment operators Continued. Pumps Rollers Scrapers... Shovels: Capacity less than 1 cu. yd... Capacity 1 cu. yd. or more... Tractors Trenching machines... No. 224 Buckeye or larger. Glaziers... Lathers: Metal... Wood... Machinists... Marble setters... Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters... Spray... Paperhangers... Plasterers-... Plumbers and gas fitters... Utility plumbers Lead burners... $ $1,

44 40 T able 12. Union Scales of Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities,, and J u ly I, Continued LOS A N G ELES, CALIF. Continued [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Journey men Continued Roofers: Tile layers... $1.438 $1,438 Composition... $1,313 $1,313 Foremen Helpers and laborers Slate and tile Rh^et-metal workers Bricklayers tenders Sign painters Building laborers Advertising Elevator constructors helpers Steam fitters Marble setters' helpers Sprinkler fitters Plasterers laborers... Refrigerator fitters: Steam fitters helpers Certified journeymen... Sprinkler fitters helpers Noncertified journeymen.. Terrazzo workers helpers Stonemasons... Grinding and base-machine Rtnietiiral-iron workers operators Finishers Tile layers helpers _.., Rodmen... Asbestos workers... Boilermakers... Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors: Under 200 cu. ft. per minute capacity cu. ft. per minute capacity and over Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, and draglines Graders: Road... Elevating... H oists... Letoumeau... Mixers: Under 21 cu. ft cu. ft. and over... Pun ps... Rollers... Shovels... Tractors: Under 50 hp hp. and over... Trenching machines... LOUISVILLE, K Y. $ $1,625 Glaziers $ $1,250 Lathers Machinists Marble setters Mosaic and terrazzo workers... Painters Paperhangers Plasterers-... Plumbers Roofers: Composition Slate and tile... Sheet-metal workers Steam fitters Stonecutters Planer m en Stone carvers Stonemasons Structural-iron workers Rodmen Tile layers... Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Elevator constructors helpers Marble setters helpers Plasterers laborers Terrazzo workers helpers Flat grinders Base grinders Tile layers helpers M A D ISO N, W IS. Ashp.st.ns wnrkflrs $1.525 $1.525 Plasterers_ $1,500 $1,375 Brink lay firs _... T. Plumbers n... Carpenters... Roofers: Cement finishers Composition Flentrinians (inside wiremen) Slate and tile Elevator constructors Sheet-metal workers Glaziers.. Steam fitters.. Lathers Stonemasons Mnsnifi and terrarzn workers Structural-iron workers.... _ Painters Rodmen T Paperhangers... Tile layers... 7 Hours per week, 44.

45 41 T able 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July I,, and J u ly I, Continued M A D ISO N W IS. Continued [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Helpers and laborers Helpers and laborers Continued Bricklayers tenders... Mortar mixers... Building laborers $0, $0, Plasterers laborers... Plumbers laborers Terrazzo workers helpers... $ $1, M A N C H E ST E R ; N. H. Bricklayers... $1,750 $! Enf ineo s power equipment op- Carpenters e.i tors Continued. Cement finishers 1.7/0 shovpls $1,650 $1,650 Electricians (inside wiremen) Tract «rs_ E n g in eer s power equipment Painters operators: Paperhangers Air compressors: Plasterers cu. ft. and under Plumbers 315 cu. ft. and over... L Sheet-Ji:ctnl workers Cranes, derricks, and drag : Steam fitters " T lines Stonemasons Mixers: Structural-iron workers Small.. r Hodmen Hoad Pumps Helpers and laborers Rollers: 5 tons and under... i.rco 1.CP0 Bricklayers tenders _ Over 5 tons Building laborers _ )0 Steam fitters helpers M E M PH IS, T E N N. Journey men Continued Asbestos workers... $1,500 $1,500 Engineers power equipment op Boilermakers f0 erators Continued. Bricklayers Tractors Carpenters Caterpillar, etc $ $ Cement finishers With power take-off Machine operators - Trenching machines Electricians (inside wiremen) C0 Glaziers Elevator constructors Lathers Engineers power equipment op Marble setters... erators: Mosaic and terrazzo workers Air compressors: Painters One Sprav Two or more Structural steel Bulldozers Papcrhangers Cranes, derricks, and drag Plasterers lines - Plumbers Graders, road _ Hoofers, composition Hoists: Sheet-metal workers drum Sign painters 2 drums _ Steam fitters Letourneau Storieraas >ns Mixers: Structural-iron-workers Without side loader Rodmen With side loader Tile layers Pumps Hollers: Helpers and laborers Top.. _ Bricklayers tenders On subgrade... Building laborers Shovels... Elevator constructors helpers Plasterers laborers

46 42 T able 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July I,, amf J u ly I, Continued MILWAUKEE, WIS. [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Asbestos workers... Boilermakers... Bricklayers Sewer, tunnel and caisson Chimney masons... Carpenters.... Millwrights... Cement finishers Finishing machines... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Residential.... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors... Bulldozers Cranes, derricks, and draglines... Hoists... Mixers, on buildings... When paver is used Pum ps... Concrete Scrapers Shovels... Tractors... Glaziers... Lathers... Machinists... Marble setters... Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters Swing and stage Spray $1.525 $1.525 Painters Continued. Structural iron... $1,550 $1, Plasterers... Plumbers Roofers: Composition... 1:500 Built-up roofers Slate and tile Sheet-metal workers Sign painters: Agreement A Agreement B Steam fitters Sprinkler fitters Stonemasons Structural-iron workers Rodmen Tile layers Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Elevator constructors helpers Marble setters helpers Plasterers laborers. _ Plumbers laborers Secondmen Steam fitters helpers Sprinkler fitters helpers Terrazzo workers helpers Base-machine operators Tile layers helpers MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Asbestos workers_ $1,580 $1,500 Marble setters $1,500 $1.325 Roilermakers Mosaic and terrazzo workers Brieklayers Painters i Carpenters Swing i Cement finishers Paperhangers i Electricians (inside wiremen) Plasterers. _ 10 i Elevator constructors... Plumbers r ^ Engineers power equipment op Roofers: erators: Composition Air compressors Foremen Bulldozers... Slate and tile Cranes, derricks, and drag Sheet-metal workers... lines Sign painters _ Graders - Steam fitters Elevating Sprinkler fitters H osits _ Stonecutters Let on m ean Stonem asons.. Mixers: Structural-iron workers... 14S and under Rodmen Over 14S T ile layers Pumps Rollers: Helpers and laborers Under 8 tons... 8 tons and over Bricklayers tenders. _ Shovels... Building laborers: Tractors: Agreement A... * hp. or less without Agreement B power take-off Elevator constructors helpers hp. or less with power Plasterers laborers... io io take-off, or over 50 hp., Plumbers laborers: without power take-off Under 3 years Trenching machines Over 3 years Glaziers Sprinkler fitters helpers Lathers i Tile layers helpers Hours per week: 40, ; and 35,.

47 43 T able 12, -U nion Scales of Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July I,, and J u ly 1, Continued MOBILE, ALA. [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Asbestos workers... $ $1,500 Glaziers $ $1,250 Boilermakers Lathers Bricklayers... Painters l! 250 Carpenters Swing stage and structural Pile drivers and dock builders. steel Cement finishers Spray Electricians (inside wiremen) Paperhangers_ Elevator constructors Plasterers.. Engineers power equipment op Plumbers... erators: Roofers: Air compressors C om position Bulldozers Slate and tile Cranes, derricks, and drag Sheet-metal workers... lines. _ Sign painters Graders Steam fitters l. 750 Elevating.... Structural-iron workers H oists.. Rodmen Letoiirneau _ Tile layers Mixers: 21E and over... Helpers and laborers Others... P um ps. Bricklayers tenders Rollers: Mortar mixers Street and road. Building laborers Road. Composition roofers helpers Scrapers... Elevator constructors helpers Shovels _ Plasterers laborers Tractors Tile layers helpers Trenching machines... MOLINE, ILL. (See Rock Island, (111.) district) NASHVILLE, TENN. Asbestos workers... Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors: One... Two in tandem... Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, and draglines... Graders, road... Hoists: 1 drum... 2 drums... Letourneau... Mixers: Without side loader... With side loader Pumps... Rollers: Top rollers... Subgrade... Shovels... Tractors: Caterpillar, etc... $1,500 $ Engineers power equipment operat ors Continued. Tractors Continued. With power take-off... Trenching machines... $1,375 Glaziers Lathers. Painters Spray Paper hangers Plasterers Plum bers T Roofers: Composition Slate and tile Sheet-metal workers Sign painters Steam fitters Structural-iron workers Rodmen... Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders... Building laborers Composition roofers helpers... Elevator constructors helpers Plasterers laborers $

48 44 Table 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July 2,, and J u ly 2, Continued NEWARK, N. J. [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Asbestos workers Home insulators... Boilermakers Bricklayers... Carpenters... Wharf and bridge... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors... Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, and draglines..._. Graders Hoists... Steel erection... Pumps... Rollers... Scrapers.... Shovels Tractors Trenching machines... Glaziers... Lathers.... Machinists Mosaic and terrazzo workers.... Government... Painters Government... Structural steel... Government $1,750 $ Paperhangers... i $l. 714 io $1, Government Plasterers Plumbers io Roofers: Composition Foremen Slate and tile Sheet-metal workers Sign painters Inside Steam fitters Sprinkler fitters Structural-iron workers Rodmen Tile layers Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders io Government L Building laborers...» io Government Elevator constructors helpers Plasterers laborers... io Government Plumbers laborers Steam fitters helpers Sprinkler fitters helpers....9m. 875 io io Terrazzo workers helpers Tile layers helpers NEW HAVEN, CONN. Ashestns workers.... $1,563 $1.563 Marble setters $1,650 $1,650 Bricklayers Painters _ Carpenters. _ Paperhangers... Cement finishers Plasterers Electricians (inside wiremen) Plumbers... Residential... Roofers: Elevator constructors Composition T. Engineers power equipment Foremen operators: Slate and tile Air compressors ii ii Sheet-metal workers Bulldozers» ia Sigh painters.... rt, TT. Cranes, derricks, and drag Steam fitters.... lines i* Stonemasons Graders ii ii Structural-iron workers Hoists: Rodmen drum ii ii Tile layers drums, or steel erection. _ is Letourneau... ia ia Helpers and laborers Mixers ii n Pnmps... u ii Bricklayers tenders Boilers n ii Building laborers Scrapers ia ia Composition roofers helpers Shovels Elevator constructors helpers Tractors... ia ia Plasterers laborers Trenching machines... ii ii Terrazzo workers helpers * Hours per week, Hours per week: 40, ; and 35, July 1,. h Broken time, $1,650 per hour, i* Broken time, $1,500 per hour, i* Broken time, $1,800 per hour.

49 45 T able 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July I,, and J u ly 2, Continued NEW ORLEANS, LA. [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Asbestos workers Home insulators... Boilermakers... Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors... Bulldozers Cranes, derricks, and draglines... Hoists: 1 drum 2 drums... Mixers Pumps: 3 in. suction and under... Over 3 in. suction... Rollers Scrapers....'... Shovels... Tractors, snatch cats... Trenching machines... Glaziers... Lathers... $ $ Machinists--... $1,500 $1, Marble setters-... Mosaic and terrazzo workers... Painters Structural steel and spray Paperhangers Plasterers Plumbers Roofers: Composition Foremen... Slate and tile Sheet-metal workers Sign painters... Steam and sprinkler fitters Stonemasons.... Structural-iron workers... Rodmen... Tile layers Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Mortar mixers Building laborers Composition roofers helpers Elevator constructors helpers :030 Plasterers laborers NEW YORK, N. Y. Asbestos workers *$2,000 *$2,000 Government Boilermakers Bricklayers Carpenters io io Government Cement finishers Government Electricians (inside wiremen) Alterations and repair Elevator constructors Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors Portable... Cranes and derricks Draglines, and steel derricks and cranes Graders Hoists: 1 drum... 2 drums Power (regardless of motive power) Mixers Small, with loader attachments... Pumps... Rollers Shovels Trenching machines Glaziers «1.886 Granite cutters Inside Surface machine and sand blasters C ontinued Lathers Metal... Machinists... Government... Marble setters Mosaic and terrazzo workers... Painters... Government... Decorators... Steel... Government... Plasterers... Government... Residential... Plumbers... Maintenance and alteration.. Brooklyn and Queens Residential (Staten Island). Roofers: Composition... Foremen... Government... Foremen... Slate and tile... Government Sheet-metal workers... Government... Sign painters... Outdoor advertising... Steam and sprinkler fitters... Stonecutters... Stonemasons... Structural-iron workers... Finishers... Rodmen... Tile layers... *$2, « * * « Hours per week, Hours per week, Hours per week, Hours per week: 40,, and 35,. * $ « * * «

50 46 Table 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July I,, and J u ly 1, Continued NEW YORK, N. Y. Continued [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders... Government... Building laborers... Excavating heavy construction... Concrete workers... Government... Elevator constructor s helpers Marble setters helpers... Plasterers laborers... Government... 8 $1, « $ * Helpers and laborers Continued Plumbers laborers... Maintenance... Brooklyn and Queens: Agreement A Residential... Agreement B... Steam and sprinkler fitters helpers... Temporary heat... Terrazzo workers helpers... Tile layers helpers $ « $ Asbestos workers... Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors... Engineer power equipment opaerators: Air compressors... Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, and draglines... Graders, road... Hoists: 1 drum... 2 drums... Mixers... Pumps... Rollers.'. Scrapers... Shovels... Tractors... Trenching machines... Glaziers... Lathers... Marble setters... NORFOLK, YA. $1,438 $1.438 Mosaic and terrazzo workers... $1,500 $1,500 Painters Spray, scaffold and structural steel... Paperhangers Plasterers... Plumbers Roofers: Composition Slate and tile Sheet-metal workers Sign painters... Steam fitters... Stonemasons... Structural-iron workers Rodmen... Tile layers... Helpers and laborers 1.37& Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Composition roofers helpers Elevator constructors helpers Plasterers laborers OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLA. A shest.ns workers $1,625 $ B ricklayers Carpenters Millwrights Cement finishers Electricians (inside wiremen)... Glaziers Lathers M arble setters Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters... Structural steel... Paperhangers Plasterers Plumbers * Hours per week, Hours per week, 44. C ontinued Roofers: Composition Slate and tile Sheet-metal workers... Sign painters Steam fitters.... Structural-iron workers Rodmen... Tile layers... Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders... Building laborers... Plasterers laborers... Plumbers laborers... 8 Hours per week Hours per week, 45. $1,000 $1,

51 47 T able 12. Union Scales of Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July I,, and J u ly 1, Continued OMAHA, NEBR. [Hours per week, 40, tinless otherwise indicated] Ashcstos workers T _ $1,500 $1,500 Plasterers $1,500 $1,500 Bricklayers Plumbers Carpenters Roofers: Cement finishers Composition _ Electricians (inside wiremen) Foremen Elevator constructors Slate and tile Engineers power equipment Sheet-metal workers operators: Sign painters Air compressors Steam fitters Cranes, derricks, and draglines..._ Rod men Structural-iron workers... Hoists.. Tile lavers Mixers Rollers Helpers and laborers Shovels Tractors Bricklayers tenders Trenching machines.. Hod carriers _ d a r te r s Building laborers Lathers Elevator constructors helpers M achinists Marble setters' helpers Mftrhle setters. _ Plasterers laborers Pointers Terrazzo workers helpers Swing stage Base-machine operators Spray or structural steel Tile layers helpers _ Paperhangers PEORIA, ILL. Boilermakers $1,700 $1.700 Painters $ $ Repair work Swing stage Bricklayers Paperhangers. _ Carpenters.... Plasterers _. _ Cement finishers Plumbers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Roofers: Elevator constructors C om position Engineers power equipment Foremen operators: Slate and tile... Air compressors Sheet-metal workers Cranes, derricks, and drag Sign painters lines Steam fitters.... On steel _.. _ Structural-iron workers Hoists: Rodmen drum T ile layers ^ 1.5C0 2 or more drums Letourneau Helpers and laborers Mixers Paving Bricklayers tenders Pum ps, concrete Building laborers ( Shovels Elevator constructors helpers Olay.iers Plasterers laborers Lathers Terra zzo workers helpers 1. OCO Machinists Tile layers helpers Marble setters... PHILADELPHIA, PA. Asbestos workers... Home insulators.... Boilermakers Bricklayers... Sewer work.... Residential... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Residential... Electricians (insicje wiremen) Residential... Elevator constructors... $1.675 $1.675 Engineers power equipment op 1.0C erators: Air compressors: Dailv unit $1.900 $1, C0 2. OCO Weekly u n it Bulldozers: Daily unit Weekly unit... l Cranes, derricks, and drag lines: 1. SCO Dai?y u n it Weekly u n it

52 48 Table 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities,, and J u ly I, Continued PHILADELPHIA, PA. Continued [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] C ontinued Engineers power equipment operators C ontinued. Graders, elevating: Daily unit... Weekly unit.... Hoists: Daily unit... Weekly unit-... Mixers: Under H cu. yd.: Daily unit Weekly unit... cu. yd. or over: Daily unit Weekly unit Pumps: Daily unit... Weekly unit... Rollers: Daily unit... Weekly unit... Shovels: Daily unit Helpers and laborers Weekly unit Tractors with scrapers or Bricklayers tenders... carry-alls: Residential... Daily unit Building laborers Weekly unit ft Residential Glaziers Composition roofers helpers Granite cutters (inside)..... Elevator constructors helpers Lathers.... Marble setters helpers Residential Plasterers laborers Machinists Residential Marble setters Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters.... Steel.... $1.780 $L Roofers: Paperh angers.... Boilermakers... Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Residential.... Elevator constructors.... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors: Portable type.... Stationary type... Bulldozers: Less than 60 hp hp. and over... Cranes and derricks... Draglines... Graders... Hoists, 1 or 2 drums... Letoumeau... Mixers: Under 5S... 5S and over... Pumps... Pumpcrete operator^. Rollers... Shovels... Plasterers... Residential... Plumbers-... Residential... Composition Foremen... Slate and tile... Sheet-metal workers... Sign painters Outside advertising... Steam fitters... Residential Sprinkler fitters... Stonecutters... Stonemasons Residential Structural-iron workers... Riggers and machinery movers Rndme.n... Tile layers Sprinkler fitters helpers... Terrazzo workers helpers Tilft lay firs hfilpfirs..... R esidential PHOENIX, ARIZ. $1,500 $1, $2,000 $2, Engineers power equipment operators Continued. Tractors: Less than 50 hp $ 50 hp. and over Trenching machines: Smaller than No. 224 buckeye... No. 224 buckeye or larger. Olaziers _ Lathers _ Machinists Marble setters Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters Spray Structural steel... Swing stage Paperhangers Plasterers Plumbers... Roofers: Composition Foremen Slate and tile... Sheet-metal workers... Sign painters Hours per week, Hours per week, $1, L ,500

53 49 Table 12. Union Scales of Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July 1,, and J u ly I, Continued PHOENIX, ARIZ. Continued [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Helpers and laborers Continued Steam fitters $1,500 $1,500 Building laborers... $0,825 $0,825 Stonemasons Concrete workers Structural-iron workers... Elevator constructors helpers Rodrrien Plasterers laborers Tile layers Steam fitters helpers Helpers and laborers Tile layers helpers Bricklayers tenders Mortar men PITTSBURGH, PA. Asbestos workers... Boilermakers... Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians^iusid^wiremen)... Elevator constructors... E n g in e e r s power equipment operators: Air compressors... Bulldozers Cranes, derricks, draglines Graders: Road... Elevating... Hoists: 1 drum... 2 drums... Letoumeau... Mixers... Pumps... Rollers... Shovels... Tractors Trenching machines... Glaziers... Lathers... Residential... Rock lath... Machinists Marble setters... Mosaic and terrazzo workers... Painters... Grainers... Paperhangers... $ $ Con tinued Plasterers Plumbers and gas fitters... Residential... Roofers: Composition Foremen.... Slate and tile... Slab work... Sheet-metal workers... Kitchen equipment Sign painters: Under 80 feet... Over 80 feet... Steam fitters... Sprinkler fitters... Stonecutters-... Carvers.... Stonemasons... Caulkers.... Structural-iron workers Rodmen... Tile layers... Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders... Building laborers Elevator constructors helpers Marble setters helpers... Polishers... Plasterers laborers... Plumbers laborers... Sprinkler fitters helpers... Terrazzo workers helpers... Tile layers helpers... $ $1, PORTLAND, MAINE Asbestos workers $1,650 $1,650 Stonemasons $1,500 $1,500 Bricklayers Structural-iron workers Carpenters Rodmen Cement finishers... Tile layers..... Electricians (inside wiremen) Elevator constructors Helpers and laborers Marble setters... Mosaic and terrazzo workers Bricklayers tenders Painters Building laborers Papernabgers L Elevator constructors helpers Plasterers/* Plasterers laborers Plumbers. Terrazzo workers helpers.970 Steajn fitters...

54 50 T able 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July I,, and J u ly 1, Continued PORTLAND, OREG. [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] July 1 July l r Jour neymen Continued Asbestos workers... Boilermakers... Bricklayers... Carpenters... Floor layers and shinglers Wharf and dock... Cement finishers ;... Composition, mastic, and gunite workers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors... Cranes, derricks, and draglines: Under 1 cu. yd... 1 to 5 cu. yd... Over 5 cu. yd... Graders, elevating... Hoists: 1 drum... 2 drums... Steel erection... Mixers: 1 to 5 bags... 5 bags and over... Pumps... Rollers: Grade and surfacing... Finishing, high type... Shovels... $ $ Engineers power equipment operators Continued. Tractors: 50 hp. and under... Over 50 hp Tandem carry-all... Trenching machines... Glaziers Lathers... Marble setters... Mosaic and terrazzo workers... Painters... Paperhangers Plasterers... Plumbers and gas fitters... Roofers, composition... Foremen... Sheet-metal workers... Sign painters.... Steam'fitters... Oil fitters.... Structural-iron workers.... Rodmen.... Tile layers... Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders... Building laborers... Elevator constructors helpers Plasterers laborers... Plumbers laborers. $1, $1, PROVIDENCE, R. L Asbestos workers $1,500 $1,500 Plasterers $1,650 $1,650 Boilermakers _ Plumbers _... Bricklayers Roofers: Carpenters Composition Cement finishers Slate and tile Elentrtoifvns (inside ^wiremen) Sheet-metal workers _ Elevator constructors Sign painters Engineers power equipment op Steam fitters.... erators: Sprinkler fitters Air compressors Stonemasons All digging machines Structural-iron workers Graders, motor Rodmen Hoists: Tile layers... 1 drum... 2 drums... Helpers and laborers Pumps... Rollers Bricklayers tenders Shovels Building laborers Tractors Government Glaziers Elevator constructors helpers Granite cutters Marble setters helpers Lathers Plasterers laborers Marble setters Steam fitters helpers Mosaic and terrain workers Sprinkler fitters helpers Painters Terrazzo workers helpers Structural-steel Tile layers helpers Paperhangers... READING, PA. Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement finishers $1,583 $1,583 Electricians (inside wiremen): Contracts $20,000 or over... $1,750 li1 Contracts under $20,000...

55 51 Table 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July 1,, and J u ly I, Continued READING, PA. Continued [ H o u r s p e r w e e k, 4 0, u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e i n d i c a t e d ] July Elevator constructors... $1,560 $1,560 Engineers power equipment op Engineers power equipment erators Continued. operators: Tractors, with scrapers or carry - Air compressors: alls: D a ily u n it Daily unit... $1,780 $1,780 W eekly unit W eekly u n it Bulldozers': Glaziers... Daily nnit. "Lathers r _ Weekly unit Mosaic and terrazzo workers Cranes, derricks, and drag Painters... lines: Spray... D a ily n n it... _ Steel or swing Weekly unit Paperhangers Graders, elevating: Plasterers Daily nnit Government W eekly nnit Plum bers ^, Hoists: Roofers: D a ily unit Com position T T W eekly unit _ Slate and tile Mixers: Sign painters Under H cu. yd.: Outside advertising D flily n n it, _,, Steam fitters W eekly nnit Stonemasons H cu. yd. or over: Structural-iron workers... Daily nnit Rod men W eekly nnit Tile layers Pumps: Daily unit Helpers and laborers Weekly unit Rollers: Bricklayers tenders D a ily u n it _ Building laborers Weekly unit... Elevator constructors helpers Shovels: Plasterers laborers Daily n nit Plumbers laborers Weekly unit Asbestos workers Bricklayers Carpenters Millwrights... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors-... Bulldozers.... Cranes, derricks, and draglines... Graders, blade and motor--- Hoists: 1 drum... 2 drums... Letourneau... Mixers... Pumps Rollers... Shovels... Tractors... Trenching machines... «Hours per week, 35. RICHMOND, VA. $1,500 $1,500 Lathers... $1,500 $1,500 Machinists Marble setters... Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters Structural steel Spray Paperhangers Plasterers... Plumbers... Sheet-metal workers... Sign painters Steam fitters... Stonemasons... Structural-iron workers... Rodmen... Tile layers... Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Elevator constructors helpers Plasterers laborers Plumbers laborers

56 52 T a b l e 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July 19, and J u ly 1, Continued ROCHESTER. N. Y. [ H o u r s p e r w e e k, 4 0, u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e i n d i c a t e d ] City Mid classifications Asbestos workers $1,650 $1,650 Lathers $ $1,625 B oilermakers Machinists R rieklayers Marble setters _ G overnm ent Mosaic and terrazzo workers Carpenters.-. Painters Cement finishers Structural iron and bridge Electricians (inside wiremen) Spray Elevator constructors Paperhangers Engineers power equipment op Plasterers erators: Plumbers and gas fitters Air compressors: Roofers: Under 160 cu. ft Com position cu. ft. and over Slate and tile Bulldozers Sheet-metal workers Cranes, derricks, and drag Sign painters lines Steam fitters Graders, motor Striiotnral-irnn workers Hoists R odm an T vetnnrnean T ile layers Mixers: Under 14S... Helpers and laborers 14S and larger... Pumps: Bricklayers tenders tin d er 4 in _ Building laborers in, and over _ Composition roofers helpers _ Rollers... Elevator constructors helpers Scrapers Plasterers laborers Shovels Plumbers laborers Trenching machines Steam fitters helpers _ Glaziers: Tile layers helpers Steel sash Structural and plate glass ROCK ISLAND (ILL.) DISTRICT i«ashestns workers $1,500 $1,500 Painters $ $ Boilermakers... Steel Bricklayers Paperhangers _ Carpenters Plasterers Cement finishers Plumbers Electricians (inside wireman) Roofers, composition Elevator ennst.rnetnrs Foremen.. Engineers p o w er equipment Sheet-metal workers... operators: Sign painters... Air compressors Steam fitters Bulldozers... Structural-ironworkers.. Cranes, derricks, and drag Rodmen... lines Tile layers Graders... Hoists... Helpers and laborers Mixers Paving type - Bricklayers tenders P u m p s Building laborers Shovels... Composition roofer s helpers Tractors, side boom... Elevator constructors helpers Trenching maehines Plasterers laborers Glaziers Mortar mixers Lathers Plumbers laborers Marble setters Tile layers helpers Mosaic and terrazzo workers... Includes Rock Island and Moline, 111., and Davenport, Iowa.

57 53 Table 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July I,, and J u ly I, Continued ST. LOUIS, MO. [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Asbestos workers $1,750 $1,750 Plasterers _ $ $ Boilermakers Residential Bricklayers... Plumbers. Sewer work over 6 ft Residential. _ Residential... Roofers: Carpenters Composition Cement finishers Foremen On swinging scaffold Slate and tile -._ Electricians (inside wiremen)... Precast slab Elevator constructors Residential... Engineers power equipment Sheet-metal workers... operators: Sign painters Air compressors Steam and sprinkler fitters 2 in tandem. _ Refrigeration fitters Bulldozers... Domestic service Cranes, derricks, and drag Stonemasons... lines Residential Graders, road Structural-iron workers Hoists Rod men.... Letoumeau Tile layers Mirers. _. Residential...._..., Pumps... Rollers... Helpers and laborers Shovels Tractors: Bricklayers tenders Caterpillar... Building laborers With power take-off Residential Trenching machines, large Wreckers Glaziers... Elevator constructors helpers Lathers: Marble setters helpers Metal Plasterers laborers Wood... Plumbers laborers Machinists Residential Marble setters Sprinkler fitters helpers _ Mosaic and terrazzo workers Terrazzo workers helpers Painters Base-machine operators Residential Tile layers helpers Paperhangers Residential ST. PAUL, MINN. Ashestns workers $1,580 $1,500 Glaziers... $ $1,250 RoiWn'mkers Lathers Bricklayers. Marble setters Carpenters Mosaic and terrazzo workers Cement finishers Painters Electricians (inside wiremen) Paperhangers Elevator constructors Plasterers... _ Engineers power equipment Plumbers... operators: Roofers: Air compressors Composition Bulldozers Foremen Cranes, derricks, and drag Slate and tile lines _ Sheet-metal workers Graders. Sign painters Elevating _ Steam fitters Hoists: Sprinkler fitters drum Stonemasons... Letonmeau_ Structural-iron workers...*_... Mixers: Rodmen... 14S and under Tile layers Over 14S Pumps Helpers and laborers Rollers: Under 8 tons Bricklayers tenders tons and over Mortar mixers Shovels Building laborers Tractors: Elevator constructors helpers hp. or less without Marble setters helpers power take-off* _ Plasterers laborers hp. or less, with power Plumbers laborers take-off, or over 50 hp. Sprinkler fitters helpers without power take-off Tile layers helpers Trenching machines... 8 Hours per week, 35.

58 54 T able 12. Union Scales of Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities ' July 19, and J u ly I, Continued SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH [ H o u r s p e r w e e k, 4 0, u n l e s s o t h e r w i s e i n d i c a t e d ] Ashestns workers $1,250 $1,250 Boilermakers Prickln.yers Floor layers and scrapers... Cement finishers. Electricians (inside wiremen)---- Elevator constructors Engineers, power equipment operators: Ajr compressors Bulldozers Cranes, derricks, and draglines Graders, elevating Hoists: 1 drum Letourneau: Model Super C Larger than Super C... Mixers: Skip type Paving type Pumps: Concrete Water R ollers Scrapers ShnyeJs Tractors Engineers power equipment operators Continued. Trenching machines.... Glaziers Lathers metal... Machinists Painters... Swing stage... Spray... Paperhangers... Plasterers... Plumbers Roofers: Composition Foremen... Slate and tile... Sheet-metal workers... Sign painters... Steam fitters Structural-iron workers... Rodmen... Tile layers... Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders... Building laborers.... Composition roofers helpers. Plasterers laborers... $1, $1, SA N A N TO N IO, T E X. A sbestos workers $ $ M arble setters..... $1,500 $1,500 Bricklayers M osaic and terrazzo workers Carpenters Painters Cement finishers... Spray, stage, and structural Electricians (insirle wiremen 1 steel Elevator constructors Paperhangers _ Engineers power equipment Plasterers... operators: Plumbers... Air compressors... Roofers: Bulldozers C om position Cranes, derricks, and drag Slate and tile lines Sheet-metal workers. _ Charters Sign painters Hoists: Steam fitters... 1 drum Stonemasons ? drums. _ Structural-ironworkers... _.. Mixers: Rodmen... Small.... Tile layers Large... Pumps: Helpers and laborers Small... Large... Bricklayers tenders Pollers.. Mori ar mixers Shovels., Building laborers Tractors... Elevator constructors helpers Lathers Plasterers* laborers Machinists Plum bers laborers Hours per week, 44.

59 55 T able 12. Union Scales of Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July 1,, and J u ly 19 Continued SAN FRANCISCO. CALIF. [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Asbestos workers Boilermakers... Bricklayers... Carpenters... Wharf and bridge Millwrights... Floor layers... Cement finishers... Composition finishers Electricians (inside wiremen)-- Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors... Cranes, derricks, and draglines... Graders... Letoumeau: Up to 14 y d yd. and over... Mixers: Less than 1 yd... Over 1 yd., and paving type... Pumps... Rollers;... Shovels... Tractors... Trenching machines... Glaziers... Lathers... Marble setters Mosaic and terrazzo workers... Painters... Government Structural steel... Government Journey men Continued $1,500 $1,500 Paperhangers $1, Plasterers Plumbers and gas fitters Roofers: Composition... Foremen... Slate and tile... Sheet-metal workers... Sign painters Steam fitters Sprinkler fitters Refrigeration fitters: High pressure Low* pressure... Oil burner fitters... Stonecutters... Stonemasons Structural-iron workers... Finishers Rodmen... Tile layers... Resilient Helpers and laborers Bricklayers" tenders Building laborers Elevator constructors" helpers Marble setters" helpers Plasterers laborers Sprinkler fitters helpers Terrazzo workers helpers Wet-base machine Dry-base machine... Common labor Tile layers helpers «$1, « Asbestos workers... Bricklayers Carpenters Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors Engineers power eq u ip m e n t operators.16 Glaziers Lathers... Marble setters... Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters...; Paperhangers.... Plasterers-... Plumbers.... Roofers: Composition... Slate and tile... SCRANTO N, PA. $1,500 $1,500 Sheet-metal workers... $ $ Sign painters... Steam fitters... Stonecutters... Stonemasons... Structural-iron workers... Rodmen Tile layers Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Composition roofers helpers Elevator constructors helpers Marble setters helpers Plasterers laborers Plumbers laborers Terrazzo workers helpers Tile layers helpers Hours per week, 35. w See Philadelphia, Pa.

60 56 T able 12. Union Scales a f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities,, and J u ly 1, Continued SEATTLE, WASH. [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Asbestos workers... $1,645 $1,580 Engineers power equipment op Boilermakers erators Continued. Bricklayers Shovels $2,000 $2,000 Sewer and tunnel Trenching machines: Carpenters Under 16 in Floor layers and boommen in. and over Wharf and bridge Glaziers Tnside Composition finishers Lathers Paving finishers and ribbon Marble setters setters Mosiac and terrazzo workers Finishing machines: Painters Trowel Structural steel Paving Spray Electricians (inside wiremen) Paperhangers Fixture hangers Plasterers Elevator constructors Plum bers _ Engineers power eq uipm ent Roofers: operators: Composition Air compressors: Slate and tile Excavating Sheet-metal workers Steel erectors Sign painters Bulldozers Steam fitters Cranes and draglines Refrigeration service Derricks Structural-iron workers Graders, motor patrols power Rodmen grade Tile layers H oists Steel erection Helpers and laborers Letourneau M ixers, paving Bricklayers tenders D ual Building laborers P u m p s Elevator constructors helpers Rollers: Marble setters helpers On plant mix materials... Plasterers laborers On other than plant mix Plumbers laborers Scrapers: Terrazzo workers helpers Singles Tile layers helpers Carry-all type, tandem Asbestos workers... Boilermakers... Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen): Contracts over $15, Contracts under $15, Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors... Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, and draglin es.... Hoists: 1 drum or more drums... Mixers: Less than 21 in in. and over... Pumps... Rollers... Shovels... Tractors: SOUTH BEND, IND. $ $1,500 Lathers... $1,500 $1, , Marble^setters Mosaic and terrazzo workers Painters Spray, stage, and structural steel... Paperhangers Plasterers... Plumbers: Contracts under $10, Contracts over $10, Roofers: Composition... Foremen Slate and tile... Sheet-metal workers... Sign painters Steam fitters: Contracts under $10,000 Contracts over $10, Stonemasons Structural-iron workers... Rodmen... Tile layers... Less than 50 hp... Helpers and laborers 50 hp. and over..., Trenching machines... Bricklayers tenders Glaziers Mortar mixers

61 57 T a b l e 12. U nion Scales o f W ages fo r Building Trades in 75 C ities, J u ly 1, and J u fy I, y -C o n tin u ed SOUTH BEND, IND.-Continued [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Helpers and laborers Continued Building laborers... Composition roofers' helpers... Elevator constructors' helpers Plasterers' laborers... $1, $1, Helpers and laborers Continued Plumbers laborers... Terrazzo workers helpers.... Base-machine operators... $1,000 $1,000 SPOKANE, WASH. Ajshfistnfj workers $ $1,500 Machinists _ $ $1,500 Bnilftrmftkftrs Marble setters Bricklayers Mosaic and terrazzo workers Carpenters Painters Cement finishers Spray Electricians (inside wiremen) Paperhangers Elevator crvnstrnetnrs Plasterers _V1 _ r Engineers power equipment operators: Roofers composition... Plumbers Air compressors Foremen Rnlldnye.rs Sheet-metal workers Cranes, derricks, and draglines. Steam fitters Sign painters Gradp.rs Stonemasons Hoists: Structural-iron workers... 1 drum _ ^ Rod men _ drums Tile layers... _ drums, or steel erection Letoumeau... Helpers and laborers Mixers... Pnmp^ Bricklayers tenders _ Rollers Building laborers Scrapers... Elevator constructors helpers U Shovels Marble setters' helpers Tractors Plasterers' laborers ( Trenching rmehines L566 Terrazzo workers helpers Glaciers Base and floor machine T.at-hers Tile layers helpers Asbestos workers.... Bricklayers Carpenters Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen) Elevator constructors... Engineej^power#q»ipfflP»t operators: Air compressors: 225 ft. and under ft. and over... Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, and draglines... Hoists: Under 3 drums... 3 or more drums... Mixers: Small... Road... Pumps... Scrapers... I... Shovels... Glaziers... Lathers MarbWSSttfetS-...t. Mosaic and terrazzo workers.... SPRINGFIELD, MASS. $1,500 $1,500 Painters... $1,375 $ Paperhangers... Plasterers... Plumbers and gas fitters Roofers: Composition... Slate and tile... Sheet-metal workers Sign painters Steam fitters Stonecutters Inside... Stonemasons Structural-iron workers Rodmen Tile layers Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Composition roofers helpers Elevator constructors helpers Plasterers laborers Terrazzo workers helpers Tfie iayer^,helpers

62 58 T a b l e 12. Union Scales o f Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, J uly 1,, and J u ly 1, Continued TAMPA, FLA. [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Asbestos workers Boilermakers Bricklayers... Carpenters Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors... Bulldozers-... Derricks Draglines... Graders, road... Hoists, 1 or 2 drums... Letoumeau... Mixers... Pumps.... Shovels... Trenching machines.... Glaziers... $1,500 $1,500 Painters... $1,200 $1,200 Government Structural steel Spray Paperhangers Plasterers... Plumbers... Sheet-metal workers... Sign painters Steam fitters Structural-iron workers... Rodmen Tile layers Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers C0 Elevator constructors helpers Plasterers laborers Plumbers laborers TOLEDO, OHIO Asbestos workers... Boilermakers... Bricklayers... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen) Fixture hangers... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors: Plant operating Bulldozers-... Cranes, derricks, and draglines... Graders: Blade... All others... Hoists: Steel and brick erection.. All others... Mixers: Up to 1 bag... Large... 27E and over... Pumps: Under 4 in... 4 in. and over, concrete pum ps... Scrapers... Shovels... Tractors: 30 hp. or less... Over 30 hp... $ $ Engineers power equipment operators Continued. Trenching machines... Glaziers... Lathers... Marble setters... Mosaic and terrazzo workers... Painters... Over 30 ft... Spray Over 30 ft... Paperhangers... Plasterers Plumbers... Roofers composition: Build-up moppers Build-up rollers or house roofers Sheet-metal workers... Sign painters... Steam fitters... Stonecutters... Stonemasons... Structural-iron workers... Rodmen... Tile layers... Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders... Mortar mixers... Building laborers Composition roofers helpers... Elevator constructors helpers Plasterers laborers... Terrazzo workers helpers... $1,600 $1, Hours per week, 35.

63 59 T able 12. Union Scales of Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July 1,, and July I, Continued WASHINGTON, D. C. [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Asbestos workers... Boilermakers... Bricklayers... Residential... Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators:' Air compressors-... Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, and draglines Graders, blade and motor Hoists... Letourneau... Mixers, H cu. yd. or over. Pumps... Rollers Scrapers... Shovels-... Tractors... Trenching machines... Glaziers... Lathers Machinists... Marble setters... Mosaic and terrazzo workers----- Painters... * Bridge, structural steel, and spray Paperhangers... $1, $1, « Plasterers... Residential Plumbers and gas fitters Roofers: Composition: 1st hand nd hand Slate and tile... Sheet-metal workers... Sign painters... Steam fitters...- Refrigeration and oil burner fitters: 1400 hp. or less hp. or over... Sprinkler fitters... Stonemasons... Structural-iron workers... Rodmen... Tile layers... Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders... Building laborers... Composition roofers helpers... Elevator constructors helpers Marble setters helpers... Plasterers laborers... Residential... Plumbers laborers... Sprinkler fitters helpers... Terrazzo workers helpers... Tile layers helpers... $2, $2, WICHITA, KANS. A shest^s workers $1,500 $1,500 Glaziers $1,250 $1,250 Bricklayers Lathers Garpept.ers 1.150' Painters Cement finishers Spray P>r*trieians (in si He wiremen)' Paperhangers Elevator constructors Plasterers Engineers p o w e r equipment Plumbers... operators: Roofers: Air compressors Composition Bulldozers: Foremen TTnder 6ft hp _ Slate and tile 60 hp. and over Sheet-metal workers Cranes, derricks, draglines Steam fitters... Graders... Stmotnral-iron workers Hoists: Rodmen... 1 drum... 2 drums... Helpers and laborers Letourneau... M ixers Bricklayers tenders P um ps Building laborers Rollers... Elevator constructors helpers Shovels Plasterers laborers Tractors, without power takeoff Ditch machine, trench hoe 8 Hours per week, Hours per week: 40, July, ; and 48,.

64 60 T a b l e 1 2. Union Scales of Wages for Building Trades in 75 Cities, July i,, and J u ly 1, Continued WORCESTER* MASS. [Hours per week, 40, unless otherwise indicated] Bricklayers $1,625 $1,625 Sign painters..., $1.150 $1.125 Carpenters Steam fitters.... Cement finishers Structural-iron workers Electricians (inside wiremen) Rodmen Elevator constructors Tile layers Glaziers Lathers ^500 Helpers end laborers Marble setters... M OSaic and terrazzo workers Bricklayers tenders Painters Building laborers *.800 Paperhangers Elevator constructors helpers Plasterers. Plasterers laborers Plumbers... L 500 Asbestos workers... Boilermakers: Small work... Large work... Bricklayers... Cairpeiters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)... Engineers power equipment operators. 16 Glaziers Machinists: Small work Large work.... Mosaic and terazzo workers... Painters... Spray... Paperhangers... Plasterers... Plumbers... Asbestos workers... Bricklayers Carpenters... Cement finishers... Electricians (inside wiremen)--- Elevator constructors... Engineers power equipment operators: Air compressors... Bulldozers... Cranes, derricks, draglines Graders Hoists: 1 drum... 1 drum 350 ft. or more, and 2 drums... Mixers... Pumps, 4 in. or over... Rollers... Scrapers Shovels... Tractors... Trenching machines... Glaziers... Marble setters... Mosaic and terrazzo workers... Painters... Spray... $1, YORK, PA. $1, Roofers: Composition... Mopmen Slate and tile... *.$heet-n$j&l workers... Sign painters... Steam fitters... Stonemasons... Tile layers... Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders... Building laborers... Composition roofers helpers... Marble setters helpers Plasterers laborers... Plumbers laborers Steam fitters helpers... Terrazzo workers helpers... Tile layers helpers... YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO $1,000 $1, $1,625 $1,625 Painters Continued. Structural iron and swing $1,650 $1, Paperhangers Plasterers Plumbers Roofers: Composition Foremen Slate and tile Sheet-metal workers Sign painters Steam fitters... Stonemasons Structural-iron workers... Rodmen _ Tile layers Helpers and laborers Bricklayers tenders Building laborers Elevators constructors helpers Marble setters helpers Plasterers laborers Plumbers laborers Terrazzo workers helpers Tile layers helpers See Philadelphia, Pa.» Hours per week: 40, ; and 44,. U. S. G O V E R N M E N T P R IN TIN G O F F IC E : 1948