Going back to the definition of Biostatistics. Organizing and Presenting Data. Learning Objectives. Nominal Data 10/10/2016. Tabulation and Graphs
|
|
- Rosamond Willis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1/1/1 Organizing and Presenting Data Tabulation and Graphs Introduction to Biostatistics Haleema Masud Going back to the definition of Biostatistics The collection, organization, summarization, analysis, presentation and dissemination of DATA, and The drawing of inferences about about POPULATION from the SAMPLE observed.1 Learning Objectives Overall: To give students a basic understanding of best way of organizing and presenting data Specific: Students will be able to Understand how data can be appropriately organized and displayed. Draw Tables Draw Graphs Make Frequency distribution Descriptive statistics involves arranging, summarizing, and presenting a set of data in such a way that useful information is produced. Data Statistics Information Descriptive statistics make use of graphical techniques and numerical techniques (such as averages) to summarize and present the data.. Data Nominal Data Quantitative Qualitative The only allowable calculation on nominal data is to count the frequency of each value of the variable. Discrete Continuous Nominal Ordinal We can organize & summarize the data in a table that presents the categories and their counts called a frequency distribution.. 1
2 1/1/1 Frequency Distributions A frequency distribution for qualitative data lists all categories and the number of elements that belong to each of the categories. Example A sample of employees from large companies was selected, and these employees were asked how stressful their jobs were. The responses of these employees are recorded very represents very stressful, somewhat means somewhat stressful, and none stands for not stressful at all. 8 Example Solution Some what None Somewhat Very Very None Very Somewhat Somewhat Very Somewhat Somewhat Very Somewhat None Very None Somewhat Somewhat Very Somewhat Somewhat Very None Somewhat Very very somewhat None Somewhat Construct a frequency distribution table for these data. Table Frequency Distribution of Stress on Job Stress on Job Tally Frequency (f) Very Somewhat None 1 Sum = 1 Relative Frequency and Percentage Distributions Relative Frequency and Percentage Distributions cont. A relative frequency distribution lists the categories and the proportion with which each occurs Calculating Percentage Percentage = (Relative frequency) 1 Calculating Relative Frequency of a Category Re lative frequency of a category Frequency of that category Sum of all frequencies 11 1
3 1/1/1 Determine the relative frequency and percentage for the data in Table Solution Table Frequency Distribution of Stress on Job Stress on Job Tally Frequency (f) Very Somewhat None 1 Sum = Table Relative Frequency and Percentage Distributions of Stress on Job Stress on Job Relative Frequency Percentage Very Somewhat None 1/ =. / =. / =..(1) =..(1) =..(1) =. Sum = 1. Sum = 1 1 Nominal Data (Tabular Summary) - Organization/classification Tabulation The diagrammatic or graphical representation.1 1 Nominal Data (Frequency) Nominal Data (Relative Frequency) Bar Charts are often used to display frequencies Is there a better way to order these? Would Bar Chart Pie Charts show relative frequencies look different if we plotted relative frequency rather than frequency?.1.18
4 Frequency 1/1/1 Graphical Presentation of Qualitative Data Figure Bar graph for the frequency distribution of Table Definition A graph made of bars whose heights represent the frequencies of respective categories is called a bar graph. It is used to display and compare the number, frequency or other measure (e.g. mean) for different discrete categories or groups Very Somewhat None Strees on Job 1 Bar charts The heights or lengths of different bars are proportional to the size of the category they represent. Since the x-axis represents the different categories it has no scale. The y-axis does have a scale and this indicates the units of measurement. The bars can be drawn either vertically or horizontally. 1 Graphical Presentation of Qualitative Data cont. Definition A circle divided into portions that represent the relative frequencies or percentages of a population or a sample belonging to different categories is called a pie chart. Pie charts display how the total data are distributed between different categories Table Calculating Angle Sizes for the Pie Chart Figure Pie chart for the percentage distribution of Job Stress Stress on Job Relative Frequency Angle Size Very Somewhat None... (.) = (.) = 18.1 (.) =. Sum = 1. Sum = Very,.% None, % Somewhat,.%
5 Frequency Frequency 1/1/1 Pie chart Civil status of women in a community Widowe Divorce d d8% 11% Free union % Single 8% Civil status of men in a community Free union 1% Widowe d 1% Divorce d 11% Single 1% Married % Married 1% Exercise 1. Prepare a frequency distribution of different characteristics of your class Gender Professional background From where you have got information about this institute (choose as many as applicable) Website Newspaper SMS Bill board Friend Others. Also make suitable graphs 8 Bar chart Grouped bar chart Gastrintestinal infections Gastrointestinal infections 1 Cryptos. E.histolyt. E.coli Giardia Rotavirus Shigella Agents 1 Crypt. E.histolyt. E.coli Giardia Rotavirus Shigella Agents Males Females
6 Year Percent 1/1/1 Bar Chart 1 Household Ownership of at Least 1 Net or ITN, Any net LLIN Country 1 Country Country Country Source: Quarterly Country Summaries, 8 Stacked bar chart % Children < with Fever who Took Specific Antimalarial, -8 ACT Amodiaquine Chloroquine Quinine Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Other 8 11 Percent 8 1 ORGANIZING AND GRAPHING QUANTITATIVE DATA
7 1/1/1 ORGANIZING AND GRAPHING QUANTITATIVE DATA Ordered array Frequency Distributions Constructing Frequency Distribution Tables Relative and Percentage Distributions Graphing Grouped Data Histograms Polygons Stem and leaf plots Organizing & Grouping Data To facilitate the calculation of various descriptive measures such as percentages and averages (Before the days of computers) The main purpose in grouping data now is summarization Summarization is a way of making it easier to understand the information in data 8 Ordered array A first step in organizing data An ordered array is a listing of the values of a collection (either population or sample) in order of magnitude from the smallest value to the largest value. If the number of measurements to be ordered is of any appreciable size, the use of a computer is highly desirable.
8 1/1/1 Frequency Distributions Frequency Distributions A frequency distribution for quantitative data lists all the classes and the number of values that belong to each class. Data presented in the form of a frequency distribution are called grouped data. Frequency Distributions Variable Third class Table. Weekly Earnings of 1 Employees of a Company Lower limit of the sixth class Weekly Earnings (dollars) 1 to 1 to 8 81 to 1 11 to 1 11 to 1 to 1 Class width Upper limit of the sixth class Number of Employees f 1 Frequency column Frequency of the third class Essential Question : How do we construct a frequency distribution table? Process of Constructing a Frequency Table 8
9 1/1/1 STEP 1. Determine the tentative number of classes (k) k = 1 +. log N Always round off Process of Constructing a Frequency Table STEP : Determine the range (R). R = Highest Value Lowest Value Note: The number of classes should be between and 1. The actual number of classes may be affected by convenience or other subjective factors STEP. Find the class width by dividing the range by the number of classes. STEP. Write the classes or categories starting with the lowest score. Stop when the class already includes the highest score. Range class width number of classes (Always round off ) c R k Add the class width to the starting point to get the second lower class limit. Add the class width to the second lower class limit to get the third, and so on. List the lower class limits in a vertical column and enter the upper class limits, which can be easily identified at this stage. When constructing frequency tables, the following guidelines should be followed. STEP. Determine the frequency for each class by referring to the tally columns and present the results in a table. The classes must be mutually exclusive. That is, each score must belong to exactly one class. Include all classes, even if the frequency might be zero.
10 1/1/1 Let s Try!!! All classes should have the same width, although it is sometimes impossible to avoid open ended intervals such as years or older. The number of classes should be between and 1. Time magazine collected information on all people who died from gunfire in the Philippines during one week. Here are the ages of men randomly selected from that population. Construct a frequency distribution table Determine the tentative number of classes (K). K = 1 +. log N = 1 +. log = 1 +. (1.8) =. *Round off the result to the next integer if the decimal part exceeds. K = Find the class width (c). Determine the range. R = Highest Value Lowest Value R = 1 = Range class width number of classes c R k c 8. * Round off the quotient if the decimal part exceeds. 1
11 1/1/1 Write the classes starting with lowest score. Classes Tally Marks Freq ///// ///// // /////-// /////-/////-//// /////-/////-/////-// 1 Using Table: What is the lower class limit of the highest class? Upper class limit of the lowest class? Find the class mark of the class 1. What is the frequency of the class 1? Example Classes True Class boundaries ///// ///// Tally Marks Freq. x // /////-// /////-/////-//// /////-/////-/////-// 1 8 Table. gives the total home runs hit by all players of each of the Major League Baseball teams during the season. Construct a frequency distribution table. Table. Home Runs Hit by Major League Baseball Teams During the Season Solution - Team Home Runs Team Home Runs Anaheim Arizona Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Cubs Chicago White Sox Cincinnati Cleveland Colorado Detroit Florida Houston Kansas City Los Angeles Milwaukee Minnesota Montreal New York Mets New York Yankees Oakland Philadelphia Pittsburgh St. Louis San Diego San Francisco Seattle Tampa Bay Texas Toronto Approximat e width of each class 1. Now we round this approximate width to a convenient number say,. 11
12 1/1/1 Solution - Table.1 Frequency Distribution for the Data of Table. The lower limit of the first class can be taken as or any number less than. Suppose we take as the lower limit of the first class. Then our classes will be, 1, 18 18, 1 11, and 1 - Total Home Runs Tally f f = 8 Relative Frequency and Percentage Distributions Example - Relative Frequency and Percentage Distributions Relative frequency of a class Frequency of that class Sum of all frequencies f f Calculate the relative frequencies and percentages for Table.1 Percentage (Relative frequency) 1 Solution - Graphing Grouped Data Table.11 Relative Frequency and Percentage Distributions for Table.1 Total Home Runs Class Boundaries 1. to less than.. to less than to less than to less than to less than. Relative Frequency Percentage Sum =. Sum =.% Definition A histogram is a graph in which classes are marked on the horizontal axis and the frequencies, relative frequencies, or percentages are marked on the vertical axis. The frequencies, relative frequencies, or percentages are represented by the heights of the bars. In a histogram, the bars are drawn adjacent to each other. 1 1
13 Frequency Frequency Relative Frequency Frequency 1/1/1 Figure. Frequency histogram for Table.1. Figure. Relative frequency histogram for Table Total home runs Total home runs 1 - Graphing Grouped Data cont. Figure. Frequency polygon for Table.1. 1 Definition A graph formed by joining the midpoints of the tops of successive bars in a histogram with straight lines is called a polygon Figure. Frequency Distribution curve. Example - The following data give the average travel time from home to work (in minutes) for states. The data are based on a sample survey of, households conducted by the Census Bureau (USA TODAY, August, 1). x 8 1
14 Frequency 1/1/1 Example - Solution Approximat e width of each class. Construct a frequency distribution table. Calculate the relative frequencies and percentages for all classes. 8 Solution - Example - Table.1 Frequency, Relative Frequency, and Percentage Distributions of Average Travel Time to Work Class Boundaries 1 to less than to less than 1 1 to less than to less than to less than to less than f 1 Relative Frequency Percentage 18 The administration in a large city wanted to know the distribution of vehicles owned by households in that city. A sample of randomly selected households from this city produced the following data on the number of vehicles owned: Construct a frequency distribution table for these data, and draw a bar graph. Σf = Sum = 1. Sum = 1% 81 8 Solution - Figure. Bar graph for Table.1. Table.1 Frequency Distribution of Vehicles Owned Vehicles Owned Number of Households (f) Σf = No Car 1 Car Cars Cars Cars Cars Vehicles ow ned 8 8
15 1/1/1 STEM-AND-LEAF DISPLAYS Example -8 Definition In a stem-and-leaf display of quantitative data, each value is divided into two portions a stem and a leaf. The leaves for each stem are shown separately in a display. The following are the scores of college students on a statistics test: Construct a stem-and-leaf display Solution -8 Solution -8 To construct a stem-and-leaf display for these scores, we split each score into two parts. The first part contains the first digit, which is called the stem. The second part contains the second digit, which is called the leaf. We observe from the data that the stems for all scores are,,, 8, and because all the scores lie in the range to Figure.1 Stem-and-leaf display. Solution -8 Stems 8 Leaf for Leaf for After we have listed the stems, we read the leaves for all scores and record them next to the corresponding stems on the right side of the vertical line. 8 1
16 1/1/1 Figure. Stem-and-leaf display of test scores. Figure.1 Ranked stem-and-leaf display of test scores Example - Solution - The following data are monthly rents paid by a sample of households selected from a small city Construct a stem-and-leaf display for these data. Figure.1 Stem-and-leaf display of rents Example -1 The following stem-and-leaf display is prepared for the number of hours that students spent working on computers during the last month. Example Prepare a new stem-and-leaf display by grouping the stems. 1
17 1/1/1 Solution -1 Scatter Diagram Figure.1 Grouped stem-and-leaf display. 8 * 1 * 8 * 1 * 8 * * Example. A real estate agent wanted to know to what extent the selling price of a home is related to its size Collect the data 1) Determine the independent variable (X house size) and the dependent variable (Y selling price) * Relationship between people s weight and height * Relationship between # of calories eaten and weight gain/loss.8 Scatter Diagram It appears that in fact there is a relationship, that is, the greater the house size the greater the selling price Patterns of Scatter Diagrams Linearity and Direction are two concepts we are interested in Positive Linear Relationship Negative Linear Relationship. Weak or Non-Linear Relationship.1 1
Business Statistics:
Department of Quantitative Methods & Information Systems Business Statistics: Chapter 2 Graphs, Charts, and Tables Describing Your Data QMIS 120 Dr. Mohammad Zainal Chapter Goals After completing this
More informationDescribing Data: Frequency Tables, Frequency Distributions, and Graphic Presentation. Chapter 2
Describing Data: Frequency Tables, Frequency Distributions, and Graphic Presentation Chapter 2 Learning Objectives Organize qualitative data into a frequency table. Present a frequency table as a bar chart
More informationDESCRIBING DATA. Frequency Tables, Frequency Distributions, and Graphic Presentation
DESCRIBING DATA Frequency Tables, Frequency Distributions, and Graphic Presentation Raw Data A raw data is the data obtained before it is being processed or arranged. 2 Example: Raw Score A raw score is
More informationChapter Displaying Graphical Data. Frequency Distribution Example. Graphical Methods for Describing Data. Vision Correction Frequency Relative
Chapter 3 Graphical Methods for Describing 3.1 Displaying Graphical Distribution Example The data in the column labeled vision for the student data set introduced in the slides for chapter 1 is the answer
More informationChapter 3. Graphical Methods for Describing Data. Copyright 2005 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Chapter 3 Graphical Methods for Describing Data 1 Frequency Distribution Example The data in the column labeled vision for the student data set introduced in the slides for chapter 1 is the answer to the
More informationChapter 2. Organizing Data. Slide 2-2. Copyright 2012, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2 Organizing Data Slide 2-2 Section 2.1 Variables and Data Slide 2-3 Definition 2.1 Variables Variable: A characteristic that varies from one person or thing to another. Qualitative variable: A
More informationReview. In an experiment, there is one variable that is of primary interest. There are several other factors, which may affect the measured result.
Review Observational study vs experiment Experimental designs In an experiment, there is one variable that is of primary interest. There are several other factors, which may affect the measured result.
More informationFrequency Distribution and Graphs
Chapter 2 Frequency Distribution and Graphs 2.1 Organizing Qualitative Data Denition 2.1.1 A categorical frequency distribution lists the number of occurrences for each category of data. Example 2.1.1
More informationLESSON 2: FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
LESSON : FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION Outline Frequency distribution, histogram, frequency polygon Relative frequency histogram Cumulative relative frequency graph Stem-and-leaf plots Scatter diagram Pie charts,
More informationStatistics for Managers using Microsoft Excel 3 rd Edition
Statistics for Managers using Microsoft Excel 3 rd Edition Chapter 2 Presenting Data in Tables and Charts 22 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chap 2-1 Chapter Topics Organizing numerical data The ordered array and
More informationSection 1.5 Graphs and Describing Distributions
Section 1.5 Graphs and Describing Distributions Data can be displayed using graphs. Some of the most common graphs used in statistics are: Bar graph Pie Chart Dot plot Histogram Stem and leaf plot Box
More informationStatistics. Graphing Statistics & Data. What is Data?. Data is organized information. It can be numbers, words, measurements,
Statistics Graphing Statistics & Data What is Data?. Data is organized information. It can be numbers, words, measurements, observations or even just descriptions of things. Qualitative vs Quantitative.
More informationLecture Slides. Elementary Statistics Twelfth Edition. by Mario F. Triola. and the Triola Statistics Series. Section 2.2- #
Lecture Slides Elementary Statistics Twelfth Edition and the Triola Statistics Series by Mario F. Triola Chapter 2 Summarizing and Graphing Data 2-1 Review and Preview 2-2 Frequency Distributions 2-3 Histograms
More informationElementary Statistics. Graphing Data
Graphing Data What have we learned so far? 1 Randomly collect data. 2 Sort the data. 3 Compute the class width for specific number of classes. 4 Complete a frequency distribution table with the following
More informationChapter 2. The Excel functions, Excel Analysis ToolPak Add-ins or Excel PHStat2 Add-ins needed to create frequency distributions are:
I. Organizing Data in Tables II. Describing Data by Graphs Chapter 2 I. Tables: 1. Frequency Distribution (Nominal or Ordinal) 2. Grouped Frequency Distribution (Interval or Ratio data) 3. Joint Frequency
More information3. Data and sampling. Plan for today
3. Data and sampling Business Statistics Plan for today Reminders and introduction Data: qualitative and quantitative Quantitative data: discrete and continuous Qualitative data discussion Samples and
More informationIndividual Guess Actual Error
Topic #3: Linear Models & Linear Regression Create scatterplots to display the relationship between two variables Derive the least squares criterion Interpret the correlation between two variables Using
More informationThis Chapter s Topics
This Chapter s Topics Today, we re going to talk about three things: Frequency distributions Graphs Charts Frequency distributions, graphs, and charts 1 Frequency distributions Frequency distributions
More informationChapter 2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs
Chapter 2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs Outline 2-1 Organizing Data 2-2 Histograms, Frequency Polygons, and Ogives 2-3 Other Types of Graphs Objectives Organize data using a frequency distribution.
More informationIntroduction. Descriptive Statistics. Problem Solving. Inferential Statistics. Chapter1 Slides. Maurice Geraghty
Inferential Statistics and Probability a Holistic Approach Chapter 1 Displaying and Analyzing Data with Graphs This Course Material by Maurice Geraghty is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike
More informationDescribing Data Visually. Describing Data Visually. Describing Data Visually 9/28/12. Applied Statistics in Business & Economics, 4 th edition
A PowerPoint Presentation Package to Accompany Applied Statistics in Business & Economics, 4 th edition David P. Doane and Lori E. Seward Prepared by Lloyd R. Jaisingh Describing Data Visually Chapter
More informationMAT Midterm Review
MAT 120 - Midterm Review Name Identify the population and the sample. 1) When 1094 American households were surveyed, it was found that 67% of them owned two cars. Identify whether the statement describes
More information11 Wyner Statistics Fall 2018
11 Wyner Statistics Fall 218 CHAPTER TWO: GRAPHS Review September 19 Test September 28 For research to be valuable, it must be shared, and a graph can be an effective way to do so. The fundamental aspect
More informationMAT 1272 STATISTICS LESSON STATISTICS AND TYPES OF STATISTICS
MAT 1272 STATISTICS LESSON 1 1.1 STATISTICS AND TYPES OF STATISTICS WHAT IS STATISTICS? STATISTICS STATISTICS IS THE SCIENCE OF COLLECTING, ANALYZING, PRESENTING, AND INTERPRETING DATA, AS WELL AS OF MAKING
More informationSTK110. Chapter 2: Tabular and Graphical Methods Lecture 1 of 2. ritakeller.com. mathspig.wordpress.com
STK110 Chapter 2: Tabular and Graphical Methods Lecture 1 of 2 ritakeller.com mathspig.wordpress.com Frequency distribution Example Data from a sample of 50 soft drink purchases Frequency Distribution
More informationNumerical: Data with quantity Discrete: whole number answers Example: How many siblings do you have?
Types of data Numerical: Data with quantity Discrete: whole number answers Example: How many siblings do you have? Continuous: Answers can fall anywhere in between two whole numbers. Usually any type of
More informationDescribing Data: Displaying and Exploring Data. Chapter 4
Describing Data: Displaying and Exploring Data Chapter 4 Learning Objectives Develop and interpret a dot plot. Develop and interpret a stem-and-leaf display. Compute and understand quartiles. Construct
More informationStat 20: Intro to Probability and Statistics
Stat 20: Intro to Probability and Statistics Lecture 4: Data Displays (cont.) Tessa L. Childers-Day UC Berkeley 26 June 2014 By the end of this lecture... You will be able to: Comprehend displays of quantitative
More informationOutline. Drawing the Graph. 1 Homework Review. 2 Introduction. 3 Histograms. 4 Histograms on the TI Assignment
Lecture 14 Section 4.4.4 on Hampden-Sydney College Fri, Sep 18, 2009 Outline 1 on 2 3 4 on 5 6 Even-numbered on Exercise 4.25, p. 249. The following is a list of homework scores for two students: Student
More informationBe Counted, America! The Challenge Ahead An analysis of mail-in participation in the 2010 Census as door-to-door enumeration begins
May 3, 2010 Be Counted, America! The Challenge Ahead An analysis of mail-in participation in the 2010 Census as door-to-door enumeration begins On April 28, the U.S. Census Bureau announced that the nation
More informationECONOMIC SNAPSHOT. A Summary of the San Diego Regional Economy UNEMPLOYMENT
A Summary of the San Diego Regional Economy UNEMPLOYMENT San Diego Regional EDC analyzes key economic metrics that are important to understanding the regional economy and San Diego's standing relative
More informationDescribing Data. Presenting Categorical Data Graphically. Describing Data 143
Describing Data 143 Describing Data Once we have collected data from surveys or experiments, we need to summarize and present the data in a way that will be meaningful to the reader. We will begin with
More informationChapter 4. September 08, appstats 4B.notebook. Displaying Quantitative Data. Aug 4 9:13 AM. Aug 4 9:13 AM. Aug 27 10:16 PM.
Objectives: Students will: Chapter 4 1. Be able to identify an appropriate display for any quantitative variable: stem leaf plot, time plot, histogram and dotplot given a set of quantitative data. 2. Be
More informationLearning Objectives. Describing Data: Displaying and Exploring Data. Dot Plot. Dot Plot 12/9/2015
Describing Data: Displaying and Exploring Data Chapter 4 Learning Objectives Develop and interpret a dot plot. Develop and interpret a stem-and-leaf display. Compute and understand quartiles. Construct
More information10 Wyner Statistics Fall 2013
1 Wyner Statistics Fall 213 CHAPTER TWO: GRAPHS Summary Terms Objectives For research to be valuable, it must be shared. The fundamental aspect of a good graph is that it makes the results clear at a glance.
More informationNCSS Statistical Software
Chapter 147 Introduction A mosaic plot is a graphical display of the cell frequencies of a contingency table in which the area of boxes of the plot are proportional to the cell frequencies of the contingency
More informationChpt 2. Frequency Distributions and Graphs. 2-3 Histograms, Frequency Polygons, Ogives / 35
Chpt 2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs 2-3 Histograms, Frequency Polygons, Ogives 1 Chpt 2 Homework 2-3 Read pages 48-57 p57 Applying the Concepts p58 2-4, 10, 14 2 Chpt 2 Objective Represent Data Graphically
More informationFrequency Tables, Stem-and-Leaf Plots, and Line Plots
Practice A Tables, Stem-and-Leaf Plots, and Line Plots The table shows normal monthly temperatures for Tampa, Florida, for each month of the year. Month Normal Monthly Temperatures in Tampa Month January
More informationPurpose. Charts and graphs. create a visual representation of the data. make the spreadsheet information easier to understand.
Purpose Charts and graphs are used in business to communicate and clarify spreadsheet information. convert spreadsheet information into a format that can be quickly and easily analyzed. make the spreadsheet
More informationChapter 1. Picturing Distributions with Graphs
Chapter 1. Picturing Distributions with Graphs 1 Chapter 1. Picturing Distributions with Graphs Definition. Individuals are the objects described by a set of data. Individuals may be people, but they may
More informationStatistics 101 Reviewer for Final Examination
Statistics 101 Reviewer for Final Examination Elementary Statistics S101-FE-003 TRUE or FALSE. Write True, if the statement is correct, and False, if otherwise. (20 pts.) 1. A sample is a subset of the
More informationTOPIC 4 GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION
TOPIC 4 GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION Public agencies are very keen on amassing statistics they collect them, raise them to the nth power, take the cube root, and prepare wonderful diagrams. But what you must
More informationPrinciples of Graphical Excellence Best Paper: ALAIR April 5 6, 2001 AIR: June 2-5, 2002, Toronto Focus-IR, February 21, 2003
Anna T. Waggener, Ph.D. Institutional Assessment United States Army War College Principles of Graphical Excellence Best Paper: ALAIR April 5 6, 2001 AIR: June 2-5, 2002, Toronto Focus-IR, February 21,
More information(3 pts) 1. Which statements are usually true of a left-skewed distribution? (circle all that are correct)
STAT 451 - Practice Exam I Name (print): Section: This is a practice exam - it s a representative sample of problems that may appear on the exam and also substantially longer than the in-class exam. It
More informationDominance Matrices. Text Reference: Section 2.1, p. 114
Dominance Matrices Text Reference: Section 2.1, p. 114 The purpose of this set of exercises is to apply matrices and their powers to questions concerning various forms of competition between individuals
More informationLearning Log Title: CHAPTER 2: ARITHMETIC STRATEGIES AND AREA. Date: Lesson: Chapter 2: Arithmetic Strategies and Area
Chapter 2: Arithmetic Strategies and Area CHAPTER 2: ARITHMETIC STRATEGIES AND AREA Date: Lesson: Learning Log Title: Date: Lesson: Learning Log Title: Chapter 2: Arithmetic Strategies and Area Date: Lesson:
More informationSAMPLE. This chapter deals with the construction and interpretation of box plots. At the end of this chapter you should be able to:
find the upper and lower extremes, the median, and the upper and lower quartiles for sets of numerical data calculate the range and interquartile range compare the relative merits of range and interquartile
More informationIntroduction to Graphs
Introduction to Graphs INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHS 231 CHAPTER 15 15.1 Introduction Have you seen graphs in the newspapers, television, magazines, books etc.? The purpose of the graph is to show numerical facts
More informationChapter 1. Statistics. Individuals and Variables. Basic Practice of Statistics - 3rd Edition. Chapter 1 1. Picturing Distributions with Graphs
Chapter 1 Picturing Distributions with Graphs BPS - 3rd Ed. Chapter 1 1 Statistics Statistics is a science that involves the extraction of information from numerical data obtained during an experiment
More informationChapter 1: Introduction to Statistics
Section 1 1: Descriptive Statistics: Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics The first 3 chapters of this course will develop the concepts involved with Descriptive Statistics. Descriptive Statistics is
More informationData Presentation. Esra Akdeniz. February 12th, 2016
Data Presentation Esra Akdeniz February 12th, 2016 HOW TO DO RESEARCH? Question. Literature research. Hypothesis. Collect data. Analyze data. Interpret and present results. HOW TO DO RESEARCH? Analyze
More informationOrganizing Data 10/11/2011. Focus Points. Frequency Distributions, Histograms, and Related Topics. Section 2.1
Organizing Data 2 Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Section 2.1 Frequency Distributions, Histograms, and Related Topics Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Focus Points Organize
More informationMathematicsisliketravellingona rollercoaster.sometimesyouron. Mathematics. ahighothertimesyouronalow.ma keuseofmathsroomswhenyouro
Mathematicsisliketravellingona rollercoaster.sometimesyouron Mathematics ahighothertimesyouronalow.ma keuseofmathsroomswhenyouro Stage 6 nalowandshareyourpracticewit Handling Data hotherswhenonahigh.successwi
More informationLERA Perspectives on Work
LERA Perspectives on Work 2017 (Vol 21, Number 1) - 2016 (Vol 20, Number 1) - The Gig Economy: Employment Implications 2015 (Vol 19, Number 1) - Management Excellence 2014 (Vol 18, Number 1) - Mapping
More informationNotes 5C: Statistical Tables and Graphs
Notes 5C: Statistical Tables and Graphs Frequency Tables A frequency table is an easy way to display raw data. A frequency table typically has between two to four columns: The first column lists all the
More informationPopulation and dwellings Number of people counted Total population
Henderson-Massey Local Board Area Population and dwellings Number of people counted Total population 107,685 people usually live in Henderson-Massey Local Board Area. This is an increase of 8,895 people,
More informationPopulation and dwellings Number of people counted Total population
Whakatane District Population and dwellings Number of people counted Total population 32,691 people usually live in Whakatane District. This is a decrease of 606 people, or 1.8 percent, since the 2006
More informationChapter 10. Definition: Categorical Variables. Graphs, Good and Bad. Distribution
Chapter 10 Graphs, Good and Bad Chapter 10 3 Distribution Definition: Tells what values a variable takes and how often it takes these values Can be a table, graph, or function Categorical Variables Places
More informationReleased Items. Grade 6 Mathematics North Carolina End-of-Grade Assessment. Published January 2019
Released Items Published January 2019 Grade 6 Mathematics North Carolina End-of-Grade Assessment Public Schools of North Carolina Department of Public Instruction State Board of Education Division of Accountability
More informationModule 5: Probability and Randomness Practice exercises
Module 5: Probability and Randomness Practice exercises PART 1: Introduction to probability EXAMPLE 1: Classify each of the following statements as an example of exact (theoretical) probability, relative
More informationPSY 307 Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. Chapter 2 Describing Data with Tables and Graphs
PSY 307 Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences Chapter 2 Describing Data with Tables and Graphs Class Progress To-Date Math Readiness Descriptives Midterm next Monday Frequency Distributions One of the
More informationBASEBALL SOCKS (FESTIVE KNITTING PATTERN WITH PINSTRIPES) BY MEREDITH DAVEY
BASEBALL SOCKS (FESTIVE KNITTING PATTERN WITH PINSTRIPES) BY MEREDITH DAVEY This is a great knitting project for the ultimate baseball fan. These socks can be knit in two sizes: a larger size for a woman
More information2. The value of the middle term in a ranked data set is called: A) the mean B) the standard deviation C) the mode D) the median
1. An outlier is a value that is: A) very small or very large relative to the majority of the values in a data set B) either 100 units smaller or 100 units larger relative to the majority of the values
More informationA Visual Display. A graph is a visual display of information or data. This is a graph that shows a girl walking her dog. Communicating with Graphs
A Visual Display A graph is a visual display of information or data. This is a graph that shows a girl walking her dog. A Visual Display The horizontal axis, or the x-axis, measures time. Time is the independent
More informationPublic Release Date: Tuesday July 26, 2016, 6:30 am EDT
Three in Ten (29%) Pokémon GO Players Agree It s Taking Over Their Life, They ve Skipped Day-to-Day Activities (29%) or Missed School or Work to Play (16%) Two in Ten (19%) Canadians Aged 13+ Have Downloaded
More informationPASS Sample Size Software
Chapter 945 Introduction This section describes the options that are available for the appearance of a histogram. A set of all these options can be stored as a template file which can be retrieved later.
More informationAWM 11 UNIT 1 WORKING WITH GRAPHS
AWM 11 UNIT 1 WORKING WITH GRAPHS Assignment Title Work to complete Complete 1 Introduction to Statistics Read the introduction no written assignment 2 Bar Graphs Bar Graphs 3 Double Bar Graphs Double
More informationNotes: Displaying Quantitative Data
Notes: Displaying Quantitative Data Stats: Modeling the World Chapter 4 A or is often used to display categorical data. These types of displays, however, are not appropriate for quantitative data. Quantitative
More informationDisplaying Distributions with Graphs
Displaying Distributions with Graphs Recall that the distribution of a variable indicates two things: (1) What value(s) a variable can take, and (2) how often it takes those values. Example 1: Weights
More informationGraphing Guidelines. Controlled variables refers to all the things that remain the same during the entire experiment.
Graphing Graphing Guidelines Graphs must be neatly drawn using a straight edge and pencil. Use the x-axis for the manipulated variable and the y-axis for the responding variable. Manipulated Variable AKA
More informationAlgebra I. Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, Mode & Additional Measures of Data. Slide 1 / 141 Slide 2 / 141. Slide 4 / 141.
Slide 1 / 141 Slide 2 / 141 lgebra I ata & Statistical nalysis 2015-11-25 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 141 Slide 4 / 141 Table of ontents lick on the topic to go to that section Measures of entral Tendency
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. B) Blood type Frequency
MATH 1342 Final Exam Review Name Construct a frequency distribution for the given qualitative data. 1) The blood types for 40 people who agreed to participate in a medical study were as follows. 1) O A
More informationConfidence Intervals. Class 23. November 29, 2011
Confidence Intervals Class 23 November 29, 2011 Last Time When sampling from a population in which 30% of individuals share a certain characteristic, we identified the reasonably likely values for the
More informationTJP TOP TIPS FOR IGCSE STATS & PROBABILITY
TJP TOP TIPS FOR IGCSE STATS & PROBABILITY Dr T J Price, 2011 First, some important words; know what they mean (get someone to test you): Mean the sum of the data values divided by the number of items.
More informationChapter 6: Descriptive Statistics
Chapter 6: Descriptive Statistics Problem (01): Make a frequency distribution table for the following data using 5 classes. 5 10 7 19 25 12 15 7 6 8 17 17 22 21 7 7 24 5 6 5 Problem (02): Annual Salaries
More informationStatistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.
Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. What is Data? Data is a collection of facts, such as values or measurements. It can be numbers,
More informationUsing Charts and Graphs to Display Data
Page 1 of 7 Using Charts and Graphs to Display Data Introduction A Chart is defined as a sheet of information in the form of a table, graph, or diagram. A Graph is defined as a diagram that represents
More informationChapter 2 Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Methods
Chapter Descriptive Statistics http://nscc-webctdev.northweststate.edu/script/sta_sp/scripts/student/serve_page... Page of 7 /7/9 Chapter Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Methods Data can
More informationOffice 2016 Excel Basics 24 Video/Class Project #36 Excel Basics 24: Visualize Quantitative Data with Excel Charts. No Chart Junk!!!
Office 2016 Excel Basics 24 Video/Class Project #36 Excel Basics 24: Visualize Quantitative Data with Excel Charts. No Chart Junk!!! Goal in video # 24: Learn about how to Visualize Quantitative Data with
More informationInterval of Head Circumferences (mm) XS 510 < 530 S 530 < 550 M 550 < 570 L 570 < 590 XL 590 < 610 XXL 610 < 630. Hat Sizes.
6.6.4 Lesson Date Creating a Histogram Student Objectives I can construct a frequency histogram. I recognize that each interval must be the same size. Classwork Example 1: Frequency Table with Intervals
More informationBiggar High School Mathematics Department. S1 Block 1. Revision Booklet GOLD
Biggar High School Mathematics Department S1 Block 1 Revision Booklet GOLD Contents MNU 3-01a MNU 3-03a MNU 3-03b Page Whole Number Calculations & Decimals 3 MTH 3-05b MTH 3-06a MTH 4-06a Multiples, Factors,
More informationChapter 4. Displaying and Summarizing Quantitative Data. Copyright 2012, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 4 Displaying and Summarizing Quantitative Data Copyright 2012, 2008, 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Dealing With a Lot of Numbers Summarizing the data will help us when we look at large sets of quantitative
More informationHow to define Graph in HDSME
How to define Graph in HDSME HDSME provides several chart/graph options to let you analyze your business in a visual format (2D and 3D). A chart/graph can display a summary of sales, profit, or current
More informationTEXTUAL PRESENTATION OF DATA
Presentation of Data Studying this chapter should enable you to: present data using tables; represent data using appropriate diagrams. 1. INTRODUCTION You have already learnt in previous chapters how data
More informationPresentation of Data CHAPTER 2. TEXTUAL PRESENTATION OF DATA 1. INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER Presentation of Data Studying this chapter should enable you to: present data using tables; represent data using appropriate diagrams. 1. INTRODUCTION You have already learnt in previous chapters
More informationExcel Manual X Axis Scale Start At Graph
Excel Manual X Axis Scale Start At 0 2010 Graph But when I plot them by XY chart in Excel (2003), it looks like a rectangle, even if I havesame for both X, and Y axes, and I can see the X and Y data maximum
More informationWhy Should We Care? Everyone uses plotting But most people ignore or are unaware of simple principles Default plotting tools are not always the best
Elementary Plots Why Should We Care? Everyone uses plotting But most people ignore or are unaware of simple principles Default plotting tools are not always the best More importantly, it is easy to lie
More informationWhat Is a Histogram? A bar graph that shows the distribution of data A snapshot of data taken from a process HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 1
What Is a Histogram? 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 A bar graph that shows the distribution of data A snapshot of data taken from a process HISTOGRAM VIEWGRAPH 1 When Are Histograms
More informationSimple Graphical Techniques
Simple Graphical Techniques Graphs are the pictorial representation of facts and figures, or data. The eye can detect patterns and trends from graphs far more easily than from a lot of numbers. Linear
More informationSixth Grade Spiraling Review Week 1 of Fifth Six Weeks
Week 1 of Fifth Six Weeks Advanced Preparation: Spiraling Review Cards (See Sixth Grade 3 rd Six Weeks Spiraling Review 2 sheets per table group exclude the decimal) Day 1 Each table group will need a
More informationSS Understand charts and graphs used in business.
SS2 2.02 Understand charts and graphs used in business. Purpose of Charts and Graphs 1. Charts and graphs are used in business to communicate and clarify spreadsheet information. 2. Charts and graphs emphasize
More informationESSENTIAL MATHEMATICS 1 WEEK 17 NOTES AND EXERCISES. Types of Graphs. Bar Graphs
ESSENTIAL MATHEMATICS 1 WEEK 17 NOTES AND EXERCISES Types of Graphs Bar Graphs Bar graphs are used to present and compare data. There are two main types of bar graphs: horizontal and vertical. They are
More informationState of the media: audio today A FOCUS ON BLACK & HISPANIC AUDIENCES
State of the media: audio today A FOCUS ON BLACK & HISPANIC AUDIENCES JUly 2015 Copyright 2015 The Nielsen Company 1 AUDIO S REACH CONTINUES TO GROW NATIONAL RADIO AUDIENCES AGAIN AT ALL-TIME HIGHS Audio
More informationGrade 6 Math Circles Winter 2013 Mean, Median, Mode
1 University of Waterloo Faculty of Mathematics Grade 6 Math Circles Winter 2013 Mean, Median, Mode Mean, Median and Mode The word average is a broad term. There are in fact three kinds of averages: mean,
More informationSAN DIEGO S QUARTERLY ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
SAN DIEGO S QUARTERLY ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT November 2017 SAN DIEGO HIGHLIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE Every quarter San Diego Regional EDC analyzes key economic indicators that are important to understanding the regional
More informationBASEBALL SOCKS BY MEREDITH DAVEY
BASEBALL SOCKS BY MEREDITH DAVEY This is a great knitting project for the ultimate baseball fan. These socks will fit a woman who wears a size shoe, with a foot that is approximately ¼ inches long. There
More informationWhy Should We Care? More importantly, it is easy to lie or deceive people with bad plots
Elementary Plots Why Should We Care? Everyone uses plotting But most people ignore or are unaware of simple principles Default plotting tools (or default settings) are not always the best More importantly,
More informationSAN DIEGO S QUARTERLY ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT
SAN DIEGO S QUARTERLY ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT December 2018 SAN DIEGO HIGHLIGHTS IN THIS ISSUE Every quarter San Diego Regional EDC analyzes key economic indicators that are important to understanding the regional
More informationThere is no class tomorrow! Have a good weekend! Scores will be posted in Compass early Friday morning J
STATISTICS 100 EXAM 3 Fall 2016 PRINT NAME (Last name) (First name) *NETID CIRCLE SECTION: L1 12:30pm L2 3:30pm Online MWF 12pm Write answers in appropriate blanks. When no blanks are provided CIRCLE your
More informationCHAPTER 1 Exploring Data
CHAPTER 1 Exploring Data 1.1 Analyzing Categorical Data The Practice of Statistics, 5th Edition Starnes, Tabor, Yates, Moore Bedford Freeman Worth Publishers Analyzing Categorical Data Learning Objectives
More information