How to Write a Quality Technical Paper

Transcription

1 How to Write a Quality Technical Paper IIT Gandhinagar 20 th August 2018 Dhanu Pattanashetti IEEE Client Services

2 What we do Publish the top-cited science and technology research in the field, most notably our journals, conferences and standards Publish 188 journals, transactions, and magazines Sponsor more than 1,700 annual conferences worldwide Leading developer of over 5,100 industry standards in a broad range of technologies More than 4.6 million documents in the IEEE Xplore Digital Library, with more than 9 million downloads each month Over 450 IEEE educational online learning courses, plus IEEE English for Engineering Publish technical books in all the fields served by IEEE, over

3 Today s Session Topics Covered 1. Publishing choices 2. Choose an Audience 3. Paper Structure 4. Ethics & Where to Publish 5. Author Support 6. What s Xplore Choices Audience Structure Ethics, Where to Publish Support Xplore 3

4 4 Choices

5 Publish IEEE journal or IEEE conference? A journal article is a fully developed presentation of your work and its final findings Original research results presented Clear conclusions are made and supported by the data Very high academic value Abstracted in abstract publications, SCI, Scopus Google Scholar, etc. A conference article can be written while research is ongoing Can present preliminary results or highlight recent work Gain informal feedback to use in your research A way for quick dissemination/declaration of results and findings To discuss research results among research workers, seek for collaborations, etc. 5 Conference articles are typically shorter than journal articles, with less detail and fewer references

6 Journal Publications: - famous journal in Engineering areas include IEEE Transactions and Proceedings IEEE Letters, IEEE Access, etc. Pattern Recognition IEE/IET Proceedings Electronics Letters Applied Physics Letters Physical Review Journal of Applied Physics etc. - very high academic value - formal record of research results which show academic achievements (permanent record) abstracted in Abstract Publications, SCI, Google Scholar, etc. Forming (i) Journal Impact factor, (ii) personal h-index, say for example. 6

7 Conferences for industrial professionals to acquire and declare the latest research results and technologies to be aware of the most recent research directions to stimulate research activities to meet people, world-class or star researchers to gain academic credits (especially to have publications in some well-established conferences)

8 Publish IEEE journal or IEEE conference? IEEE Journals IEEE Conferences PRO IEEE journals are cited 3 times more often in patent applications than other leading publisher s journals IEEE Conference proceedings are recognized worldwide as the most vital collection of consolidated published articles in EE, computer science, related fields 8 CON A high percentage of articles submitted to any professional publication are rejected Per IEEE Policy, if you do not present your article at a conference, it may be suppressed in IEEE Xplore and not indexed in other databases

9 Publish Finding the right IEEE publication or IEEE conference IEEE has 188 unique publications covering a wide range of technical areas Review the journal listings Who reads it What they publish What kinds of articles they want IEEE publishes 1,700+ leading-edge conference proceedings every year Review the conference calendar Find a good match for your research subject matter Ensure you are available to present 9

10 IEEE journal

11 IEEE journal

12 IEEE conference

13 IEEE conference

14 Who is an author In terms of scholarly publishing, which is what IEEE specializes in, our definition of authorship in a technical publication is as follows. An author is an individual who meets ALL of the following criteria: Made a significant intellectual contribution to the work described in the article (e.g., theoretical development, system or experimental design, analysis and interpretation of data, etc.) Contributed to writing the article or revising it for intellectual content Approved the final version of the article as accepted for publication. Anyone who does not meet ALL three criteria can be recognized and thanked in the Acknowledgments section.

15 Authorship for Articles with Multiple Authors The corresponding author is the single point of contact between the authors and the journal where the article is submitted. Responsibility: Including as co-authors all persons appropriate and none inappropriate; Obtaining from all co-authors their assent to be designated as such, as well as their approval of the final version of the article as accepted for publication; and Keeping all co-authors apprised of the current status of an article submitted for publication, including furnishing all co-authors with copies of the reviewers comments and a copy of the published version, as appropriate.

16 Peer Review Critical assessment of manuscripts submitted to journals by experts who are not part of the editorial staff. 91% of authors think that peer review improved the quality of their article Reviewers help authors hone key points, identify and resolve errors, and generate new ideas Peer review ensures the integrity of science by excluding invalid or low-quality research Types of Review: Single blind - reviewers are aware of the author s identity Double blind - neither the author nor the reviewers are aware of each others identity

17 17 Audience

18 Audience Scientific research publishing Who writes scientific papers? Engineers, scientists, educators and researchers from: Corporations Academia Government Students typically write and present conference papers before submitting journal articles 18

19 How does the review process work? Start Paper Writing Paper Submitted to a Journal Paper Passed to Editor/EiC/Subject Editor Paper Assigned to an Associate Editor Check by Office of Journal Paper assigned to 3 or more Reviewers Resubmitted Decision initially made by AE and then Editor/EiC/Subject Editor Reject Accept Production Process and Proof Reading End 19

20 - individual reviewers will not know the names of other reviewers, hence comparisons on judgement among reviewers can also be made (to compare the professional judgment of reviewers) - the Editor/EiC/SE or associate editor draws the conclusion from the reports of reviewers and the sends out the decision and commends (not the names of reviewers) to the author(s) What is the Role of the Chief Editor/Subject Editor? Summary: A very successful system!

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22 Imp Concerns on Publications: Plagiarism: An offence. Since, for publication, it is a permanent record, you cannot get rid of it in the future, if offended. Two types: Plagiarism on other people s work Self-plagiarism on your own work, i.e. (including multiple submission or multiple publication of a single version of paper or idea) Exception: Some professional societies allow short version to be presented in a conference paper and subsequently to give an extended version in their journal

23 Further Concerns on Publications: Best Practices: Useful Original and new concepts, or new derivation in terms of mathematics, realization and approaches, Good review of previous approaches, most general approach, the one newest to your proposal algorithm, Sufficient realization results, critical comparison with other approaches, (executable codes to be given to readers?) Clear Advantages and applications Good English, and professional writing Reproducibility: the paper must be clearly written and the results are reproducible. 23

24 Audience What IEEE editors and reviewers are looking for? - Scope: is the article appropriate for this publication? - Novelty: is this original material distinct from previous publications? - Validity: is the study well designed and executed? - Data: are the data reported, analyzed, and interpreted correctly? - Clarity: are the ideas expressed clearly, concisely, and logically? - Compliance: are all ethical and journal requirements met? 24 - Advancement: is this a significant contribution to the field?

25 Audience AuthorLab in IEEE Collabratec 25

26 Audience Why IEEE editors and reviewers reject papers The content is not a good fit for the publication There are serious scientific flaws: Inconclusive results or incorrect interpretation Fraudulent research It is poorly written It does not address a big enough problem or advance the scientific field The work was previously published The quality is not good enough for the journal Reviewers have misunderstood the article 26

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32 Common Mistakes and Omissions Delaying Paper Processing (IEEE Power Delivery Transactions)

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35 35 Structure

36 Paper Structure Elements of a manuscript 36 Title Abstract Keywords Introduction Methodology Results/Discussions/Findings Conclusion References

37 Paper Structure Title An effective title should Answer the reader s question: Is this article relevant to me? Grab the reader s attention Describe the contents of a paper using the fewest possible words Good Title VS. Bad Title Use critical and concise terms Use keywords Avoid too many jargons 37

38 Paper Structure Title Dos and Don ts A Human Expert-based Approach to Electrical Peak Demand Management VS 38 A better approach of managing environmental and energy sustainability via a study of different methods of electric load forecasting (too long)

39 Paper Structure Abstract (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) Write it after the completion of the Paper. Must be concise and concrete, and a condensed version of the article Should be able to answer most of the questions in the Submission Check List. Should be eyes catching (since this is the 1 st impression) Normally no more than 250 words; written in attractive style Give concrete results to substantiate your claim(s) Why you did it What you did How the results are useful & important, & the field moves forward 39

40 Paper Structure Abstract Dos and Don ts 40 The objective of this paper was to propose a human expert-based approach to electrical peak demand management. The proposed approach helped to allocate demand curtailments (MW) among distribution substations (DS) or feeders in an electric utility service area based on requirements of the central load dispatch center. Demand curtailment allocation was quantified taking into account demand response (DR) potential and load curtailment priority of each DS, which can be determined using DS loading level, capacity of each DS, customer types (residential/commercial) and load categories (deployable, interruptible or critical). Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to model a complex decision-making process according to both expert inputs and objective parameters. Simulation case studies were conducted to demonstrate how the proposed approach can be implemented to perform DR using real-world data from an electric utility. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed approach is capable of achieving realistic demand curtailment allocations among different DSs to meet the peak load reduction requirements at the utility level. Vs This paper presents and assesses a framework for an engineering capstone design program. We explain how student preparation, project selection, and instructor mentorship are the three key elements that must be addressed before the capstone experience is ready for the students. Next, we describe a way to administer and execute the capstone design experience including design workshops and lead engineers. We describe the importance in assessing the capstone design experience and report recent assessment results of our framework. We comment specifically on what students thought were the most important aspects of their experience in engineering capstone design and provide quantitative insight into what parts of the framework are most important. First person, present tense No actual results, only describes the organization of the paper

41 Paper Structure Writing Style Old Style: Use only or mainly Past tense and passive voice (boring, and this style is too old, and only suitable for Report Writing). Better Style: Use Present Tense: for facts, and the present approach, Past tense: for description of actions in literature review, for description of experimental work, Active voice and first person: to bring the reader into the scene to stress that this is your work Passive voice: for most of the experimental work to show that you are objective 41

42 Paper Structure Keywords (i) More general terms (ii) With modern and common terms (iii)not suggest Keywords wrongly, such that you paper may go to inappropriate reviewers, Appropriate Not to suggest Wrong Keywords Logical Applicable Searchable 42

43 Paper Structure Keywords 43

44 Paper Structure Introduction It should move step by step through: Generally known information about the topic Prior studies historical context to your research Your hypothesis and an overview of the results How the article is organized The introduction should include: the problem(s) to be resolved work done by you and other authors (Do they work? How does this work come?) What is the approach in this paper? What is the Novelty? 44

45 Paper Structure Introduction 45

46 Paper Structure Methodology Problem formulation and the processes used to solve the problem, prove or disprove the hypothesis Use illustrations to clarify ideas and support conclusions: Tables Present representative data or when exact values are important to show Figures Quickly show ideas/conclusions that would require detailed explanations Graphs Show relationships between data points or trends in data 46 Fig. A

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49 Paper Structure Results/discussion Demonstrate that you have solved the problem or made significant advances Results Results: Summarizes the Data Should be clear and concise Use figures or tables with narrative to illustrate findings Discussion Discussion: Interprets the Results Why does your research offer a new solution? How can it benefit other researchers professionals? Common mistake: without comparison with the most standard approach and the nearest approach. 49

50 Paper Structure Conclusion 50 Explain what the research has achieved As it relates to the problem stated in the Introduction Revisit the key points in each section Include a summary of the main findings and implications for the field Provide benefits and shortcomings of: The solution presented Your research and methodology Suggest future areas for research Common mistake: just repeat /or even copy back what you said. Good Conclusion: (i) Use another angle to look at or to analyze the problem briefly again, and show that your new approach still wins. (ii) Have a good discussion on future prospects.

51 Paper Structure Conclusion 51

52 Paper Structure References Support and validate the hypothesis your research proves, disproves or resolves There is no limit to the number of references But use only those that directly support your work (about 30-40) Ensure proper author attribution Author name, article title, publication name, publisher, year published, volume and page number, Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Common mistakes: i) inconsistent formats among papers ii) not sufficient citations (You have to cite the most recent, most appropriate and your previous works) Properly cited material 52

53 Checklist for Submission Before submitting a paper, answer the following questions: 1. What is the problem? Why is it a problem? 2. What are the solutions given by other researchers? 3. What is the present novelty? What is original in the paper? 4. Are sufficient results available? 5. Is there enough comparison? (compare to (i) the most standard approach, (ii) the most efficient approach, (iii) the closest approach (most recent ones) ) 6. Cited sufficiently? (cite papers, especially the most related ones) 7. Check English, easy to read and understand, but with vigorous proofs and formulations. 8. Reproducible? 53

54 Checklist for Submission (i) Select the target publication IEEE Publication Recommender can help; IEEE Xplore; (ii) Review the submission guidelines for your target publication to ensure your article meets all requirements (iii) Agree on who will serve as the article s corresponding author if your article has multiple authors (iv) Check that you have all necessary files (v) Get an Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID) if you don t have one already 54

55 Post Publication Check off these tasks to increase the impact of your article. (i) Create a citation alert to see when your article is cited by other IEEE authors (ii) View your article s metrics tab for information on usage, citation, and sharing of your article (iii) Promote your article to increase its visibility and discoverability 55

56 56 Ethics

57 Ethics Types of misconduct Conflict of Interest Author Attribution A financial or other relationship with the publication at odds with the unbiased presentation of data or analysis Plagiarism Must be given if you use another author s ideas in your article, even if you do not directly quote a source Author involvement/ contributions 57 Copying another person s work word for word or paraphrasing without proper citation Include any and all who have made a substantial intellectual contribution to the work Do not include minor contributors

58 Ethics Ethical publishing Plagiarism Avoid plagiarism Cite and separate any verbatim copied material but how much? Paraphrase other s text properly, and include citation Credit any ideas from other sources Familiarize yourself with IEEE Policies Refer to our Tips Sheet ations_standards/publicatio ns/authors/plagiarism_and_ multiple_submissions.pdf 58

59 Ethics Ethical publishing Duplication, Redundancies & Multiple Submissions Author must submit original work that: Has not appeared elsewhere for publication Is not under review for another refereed publication Cites previous work Indicates how it differs from the previously published work Authors MUST also inform the editor when submitting any previously published work Refer to our Tips Sheet ations_standards/publicatio ns/authors/plagiarism_and_ multiple_submissions.pdf 59

60 Author Disambiguation ORCID ORCID is a registry of researcher identifiers. Each author who registers is given a unique 16-digit identifier. Employment, education, and publication record can all be linked to ORCID. IEEE (and many other publishers) require an ORCID ID to help tie an author to his or her publication record. Without ORCID, it s hard to distinguish between multiple authors with the same name, or get a complete publication history when authors change their names. For more information about ORCID, visit orcid.org.

61 Author Disambiguation ORCID As of July 11, 2016, all corresponding authors of IEEE journal articles will be required to link their profile to an ORCID ID. Coauthors will receive an prompting them to create an ORCID ID, but this is optional.

62 Where to Publish? 62

63 Types Traditional Journals Users/Libraries pay for access Open Access Journals Author pays, free download Hybrid Journals Most articles are traditional, some are open access (author preference) 63

64 Open Access Publications 64

65 Next Steps Open Access Opportunity for IEEE Authors (Author pays model) IEEE provides 3 open access publishing options to meet the varying needs of authors: New multidisciplinary journal 100+ Hybrid journals Fully open access topical journals More Information 65

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67 67 Topical Journal

68 Author Support 68

69 Browse Journals in IEEE Xplore 69

70 Submit Journal paper submission is easy through IEEE Xplore Click Submit a Manuscript Follow the prompts to set up an account 70

71 Submit To submit an article, follow the on-screen directions 1 Type, Title & Abstract 2 Attributes / Keywords 71

72 Finding Conference Calls for Papers 72

73 73 The IEEE Author Center

74 74 The IEEE Author Center

75 Use AuthorLab in IEEE Collabratec for additional support and help 75

76 The IEEE AuthorLab 76 Share technical knowledge Find coauthors and collaborators Join discussions Learn best practices Communicate with IEEE Staff I need some help from the researchers who are working with EEG. 5 comments Looking for someone to collaborate with on papers related to the IT field. 11 comments How do you read a technical paper? 54 comments Do you know how to spot a predatory conference? 20 comments Could we have a list of journals with the average time for a paper review? 1 comment, but a good one!

77 77 The IEEE Publication Recommender

78 Newsletter Sign up for the monthly Newsletter for recent news, resources, and best practices related to publishing. Recent topics include: Crafting Your Article Introduction Write Your Next LaTeX Document with Overleaf Featured Code: Video Analysis and Smart Surveillance Call for Papers: Special Issue on 2D Materials for Electronic, Optoelectronic and Sensor Devices Sign up: Archives: 78

79 Author Tool: Article Templates 79

80 Author Tool: Reference Preparation Assistant 80

81 Author Tool: PDF Checker 81

82 Author Tool: Graphics Analyzer 82

83 More Graphics Help Detailed guidance on graphics is available at tions/authors/authors_journals.html#sect2. The Graphics Help Desk works one-on-one with authors to improve existing graphics or create custom new graphics. 83

84 IEEE Author Guide Always Available Authors learn how to prepare, write, and submit quality technical articles Can be downloaded Includes embedded links to information, forms, etc. For more information or to download: ors/publishing_benefits/index.html?wt.mc_id=pb_ben_pub 84

85 Free Authorship videos on IEEE.tv Speaker: Professor Saifur Rahman from Virginia Tech (VP of Pubs for IEEE s Power & Energy Society) /industry/academic/whatsnew/newcontent/article/

86 Video tutorials for authors 86

87 What s IEEE Xplore 87

88 IEEE quality makes an impact Clarivate Analytics Journal Citation Reports by Impact Factor IEEE publishes: 22 of the top 25 journals in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 14 of the top 15 journals in Telecommunications 4 of the top 5 journals in Artificial Intelligence 3 of the top 5 journals in Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture 3 of the top 5 journals in Automation & Control Systems 2 of the top 5 journals in Computer Science, Cybernetics 2 of the top 5 journals in Imaging Science & Photographic Technology The Clarivate Analytics Journal Citation Reports presents quantifiable statistical data that provides a systematic, objective way to evaluate the world s leading journals. Based on the 2016 study released June 2017 More info: 88

89 IEEE Leads US Patent Citations Top 20 Publishers Referenced Most Frequently by Top 40 Patenting Organizations Source: 1790 Analytics LLC Based on number of references to papers/standards/conferences from

90 The IEEE conference collection continues to grow Now over 1,400 annual conferences. Over 1.5 million total papers. 1,

91 New IEEE Journals in 2016 In 2016, IEEE introduced four new journals: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles IEEE Journal on Multiscale and Multiphysics Computational Techniques IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing All included in an IEL subscription For a complete title listing, to go:

92 New IEEE Journals Launched in 2017 In 2017, IEEE has introduced six new journals: IEEE Communications Standards Magazine (March 2017) IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology (June 2017) IEEE Trans. on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence (February 2017) IEEE Trans. on Green Communications and Networking (March 2017) IEEE Trans. on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences (January 2017) IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification (March 2017) For a complete title listing, to go:

93 New IEEE Journals Planned in 2018 In 2018, IEEE will introduce four new journals: IEEE Letters of the Computer Society A rigorously peer-reviewed forum for rapid publication of brief articles describing high-impact results in all areas of interest to the IEEE Computer Society. IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters A monthly publication of original and significant contributions in the area of solid-state circuits. The emphasis is on the transistor-level design of integrated circuits (ICs). Circuits integrated in micro- and nano-electronic (e.g., VLSI) technologies are of principal interest. IEEE Internet of Things Magazine IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics For a complete title listing, to go:

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95 Questions about searching IEEE Xplore? Visit 95

96 Thank You Dhanukumar Pattanashetti IEEE Client Services 96