Is Artmaking Sustainable? What does that mean? How do we know?

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1 Is Artmaking Sustainable? What does that mean? How do we know? Stephen Hoskins Director, Centre for Fine Print Research University of the West of England John Risseeuw Professor, School of Art Director, Pyracantha Press Arizona State University

2 In environmental assessment, as in other fields of biophysical and socio-cultural study, advances in methodology and comprehension have been accompanied by a deepening awareness of how little we know. Robert B. Gibson

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4 Sustainability development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs Brundtland Commission report

5 Voiseyʼs Bay Mine and Mill Undertaking, XXXX, Canada

6 The Five Pillar theory of Sustainability These pillars of understanding are recognized to be interconnected and interdependent Ecological Social Economic Cultural Political See Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency web pages authored by Robert B. Gibson: Or, Sustainability Assessment: Criteria, Processes and Applications, by Robert B. Gibson, Selma Hassan, Susan Holtz, James Tansey, and Graham Whitelaw, Earthscan, London, 2005

7 UK's Sustainable Development Strategy, published in May 1999, defines sustainable development in terms of four objectives: 1) Social progress which recognises the needs of everyone, 2) Effective protection of the environment, 3) Prudent use of natural resources, and 4) Maintenance of high and stable levels of economic growth and employment

8 Carbon Footprint: a measure of the amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other greenhouse gases emitted by a human activity or accumulated over the full life cycle of a product, process, or service.

9 Life-cycle Inventory: an analysis that quantifies the raw material and energy consumption together with all wastes and emissions to air and water (the environmental burdens) for all processes within the system

10 Life Cycle Assessment, a systematic method for identifying, evaluating, and minimizing the environmental consequences of resource usage and environmental releases associated with a product, process, or package.

11 Electric vehicle with batteries

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13 Recycling plastic

14 Diapers / Nappies: cloth vs. disposable

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16 Johannes Gutenberg, ca Albrecht Dürer,

17 The papermill.

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19 INK

20 Ball mills mixing ink

21 Polymer emulsion paints, by comparison with oil paints and watercolors, have a short history, beginning in late 1948 with the development of polyvinyl acetate emulsion (PVA), commonly known as white glue. The acrylic polymer emulsions now used in artists' paints are a byproduct of the attempt to develop a new type of house paint during the early 1950s. The first artists' acrylic polymer paint became readily available in North America around 1963 and in Europe about two years later. from ART HARDWARE: The Definitive Guide to Artistsʼ Materials, by Steven Saitzyk 1987

22 Caligo Safe Wash water washable oil inks

23 The soybean plant, soy saponins, in cultivation.

24 Soy or Oil or???

25 Deforestation in Brazil for the cultivation of soy.

26 Dean Clark, President Graphic Chemical & Ink Co.

27 What are VOCs?

28 Cranfield Inks, Ltd., Newport, Wales

29 Asian hand papermaking Cross-section of mouldmade paper machine Diagram of commercial fourdrinier paper machine

30 Machine-made paper

31 Fourdrinier paper machines making machine-made paper.

32 Making large sheets of handmade paper at Twinrocker Papermill, Brookston, IN, USA

33 St Cuthberts Papermill, Somerset, England

34 Cylinder paper machine at St Cuthberts, producing mould-made papers.

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37 The Industrial Revolution

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39 The Digital Revolution

40 E-waste

41 Pablo Picasso

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46 Pigments

47 The Kennecott Open Pit Copper Mine

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50 Lithography Relief and letterpress Intaglio

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52 Simple Green (butyl cellosolve) D-Limonene citrus cleaner Vegetable oil

53 Petrochemicals and solvents

54 Students mixing ink.

55 Polymer (flexo) plate and letterpress printing with them.

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57 In environmental assessment, as in other fields of biophysical and socio-cultural study, advances in methodology and comprehension have been accompanied by a deepening awareness of how little we know. Robert B. Gibson

58 Thank you.