GSAW Workshop 4B: Human Systems Integration (HSI): Tools and Techniques. Images courtesy of United States Army United States Air Force

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1 GSAW Workshop 4B: Human Systems Integration (HSI): Tools and Techniques Images courtesy of United States Army United States Air Force 27 March 2007

2 Topic Description In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in Human Systems Integration. As a result of the United States Air Force (USAF) Scientific Advisory Board in 2004, updates to the National Security Space (NSS) Acquisition Policy and a recent SMC policy letter on Human Systems Integration, there is an interest and need for development of tools and techniques that can be used in the development of operational systems that support the skill, knowledge and abilities of operators, maintainers and users. Integration of users across system lifecycle represents 40-60% of lifecycle costs. Space systems acquisitions have inherent human systems integration challenges: increasing information demands on operators, requirements for operators to perform jobs in new/different ways, continuing pressure to reduce manpower and a desire to limit the exposure of personnel to threats. This workshop will address how and where HSI can help in Space Systems development, and will include a mix of presentations and panel discussions. 27 March

3 Workshop Agenda 1:00 1:15 Welcome and Introduction 1:15 3:00 Papers and Discussion Is less more when using and creating checklists? Janeen Sharma and Jennifer Rousey, Northrop Grumman Corporation Transportable Mobile System: Amputation by Antenna (Almost) Suzanne M. Dawes and Milo Whitson, The Aerospace Corporation Panel Introduction 3:00-3:15 Break 27 March

4 Workshop Agenda (cont d) 3:15 5:00 Panel Discussion: Views from participants in an Operability Working Group. This panel will provide a realistic look at Operability Working Groups via the viewpoints of panel members with experience in developing, conducting, and participating in operability working groups. Organizations represented include: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo CA, Mr. Norman Goyette USAF SBIRS Program Office, Los Angles CA, Capt. Denise Wise, 2 nd Lt. Florencio Mendoza Army Product Office Multi- Mission Mobile Processors, Huntsville, AL, Mr. Craig Bergquist Northrop Grumman Corporation Electronic Systems, Systems Engineering, Software Development Mr. Butch Lucero, Mr. Jose Fernandez 27 March

5 Workshop Contributors United States Air Force United States Army The Aerospace Corporation Northrop Grumman Corporation F U.S. NAVY I R S T U.S. ARMY JTAGS T O S E E FIRST TO REPORT M 3 P U.S. AIR FORCE 27 March

6 What is Human Factors? The short definition Designing for human use (Sanders and McCormick, 1993) The long definition Human Factors discovers and applies information about human behaviour, abilities, limitations, and other characteristics to the design of machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and environments for productive, safe, comfortable, and effective human use (Chapanis (1985)) 27 March

7 Human Factors in Space Systems Design Can these warfighters? With this training? Using this equipment? Under these conditions? TIME PRESSURE 24/7 ops STRESS Weather Accomplish their mission? 27 March Images courtesy of United States Air Force

8 Top 5 excuses for ignoring Human Factors Human Factors = common sense The human factors engineer didn't tell me anything I could not have thought of myself The handbooks never have recommendations for the conditions that I need - I need an answer tomorrow Get the system to the user they can figure it out (people are adaptive) After I get the system working, then I'll look into human factors questions, if I have any time (and money) left 27 March (Adapted from Pew, 1978, HFES)

9 Workshop Agenda 1:00 1:15 Welcome and Introduction 1:15 3:00 Papers and Discussion Is less more when using and creating checklists? Janeen Sharma and Jennifer Rousey, Northrop Grumman Corporation Transportable Mobile System: Amputation by Antenna (Almost) Suzanne M. Dawes and Milo Whitson, The Aerospace Corporation Panel Introduction 3:00-3:15 Break 27 March

10 Workshop Agenda (cont d) 3:15 5:00 Panel Discussion: Views from participants in an Operability Working Group. This panel will provide a realistic look at Operability Working Groups via the viewpoints of panel members with experience in developing, conducting, and participating in operability working groups. Organizations represented include: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo CA, Mr. Norman Goyette USAF SBIRS Program Office, Los Angles CA, Capt. Denise Wise, 2 nd Lt. Florencio Mendoza Army Product Office Multi- Mission Mobile Processors, Huntsville, AL, Mr. Craig Bergquist Northrop Grumman Corporation Electronic Systems, Systems Engineering, Software Development Mr. Butch Lucero, Mr. Jose Fernandez 27 March

11 Working Group Guidelines Identify and select group members, may need to handpick members Effective OWGs: Identify and write down the purpose Define goals, both long and short-term Define group products and deliverables Define the group logistics Be willing to be honest about how the group is working Change the approach if it isn t working Listen/observe the users as you proceed s, telephone, teleconference, nonverbal language 27 March

12 Additional Considerations If you don t plan to make changes then the working group will not be a success Prior to starting a working group Need clear group understanding of expectations Need buy-in of group members (including their management) 27 March

13 References Booher, H.R. (1997). Human Factors Integration: Cost and Performance Benefits on Army Systems. Army Research Laboratory Report ARL-CR-341. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Chapanis, Alphonse (1985). Some reflections on progress. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 29th Annual Meeting. Santa Monica CA: Human Factors Society, pp 1-8. Pew, Richard W. (1978). The Ten Best Ways to Embarrass a Human Factors Specialist in HFES Presidential Addresses: The Human Face of Technology: Selected Presidential Addresses of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. HFES. Santa Monica CA, Rechtin, Eberhardt (1991). Systems Architecting: Creating & Building Complex Systems, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. Rechtin, Eberhardt and Maier, Mark W (1997). The Art of Systems Architecting. CRC Press, Boca Raton Florida. Sanders,M.S., McCormick, E.J., (1993). Human Factors in Engineering and Design, 7 th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, New York. U.S. Air force Scientific Advisory Board (2004). Report on Human-System Integration in Air Force Weapon Systems Development and Acquisition. (SAB-TR-04-04). Washington, D.C: Scientific Advisory Board March

14 All trademarks, service names, and trade names are the property of their respective owners To Sum it Up Golly-gee-whiz technology is great, however If the human can t operate it, maintain it, and support it, it s no good. Remember the warfighter!!!!! 27 March

15 Guidance for Engineers and Scientists 1. Admit you have a user (operator, maintainer, support person) 2. Admit you are not representative of all users just because it works for you doesn t mean it will work for everyone 3. Recognize the capabilities and limitations of the users you are designing for. No complex system can be optimum to all parties concerned. All parties do not have an equal vote. 27 March

16 Multidisciplinary Approach Engineering Sociology Anthropometry Industrial Design Anthropology Philosophy Cognitive Science Human Systems Integration (Human Factors, Engineering Psychology, Ergonomics) Computer Science Statistics Linguistics Psychology Anatomy Physiology

17 Why is this area important? Integration of users across system lifecycle currently accounts for 40-60% of total system costs Human Factors deficiencies significantly contributed to most large-scale technological accidents - Bhopal, Chernobyl and Three Mile Island accidents. Human Factors is a causal factor in 60-80% of aviation accidents Addressing Human Factors/Human Systems Integration Reduces operator workload, human error and potential equipment damage/human injury Reduces delays in getting systems operational Reduces long-term sustainment costs Experience is the hardest kind of teacher. It gives you the test first and the lesson afterward. 27 March

GSAW Workshop Human Systems Integration (HSI): Tools, Techniques and Challenges Ahead. Images courtesy of United States Air Force

GSAW Workshop Human Systems Integration (HSI): Tools, Techniques and Challenges Ahead Images courtesy of United States Air Force Workshop Background In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest