Human Systems Integration (HSI) and DevOps
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1 Copyright 2018 by Frank Lacson. Permission granted to INCOSE to publish and use. Human Systems Integration (HSI) and DevOps Applying Agile Systems Engineering in DoD Systems Acquisition Frank C. Lacson, MS Kevin R. Aeling, PhD 01 DEC 2018 Presented at the INCOSE Mini-Conference in San Diego, CA (01 DEC 2018) 1
2 Outline DoD Systems Acquisition: Then and Now HSI Definitions and Adaptations DevOps and The Three Ways Mini-Use Cases Next Steps 2
3 3
4 DoD Systems Acquisition: Then Focus on fielding systems Hardware-intensive: Major weapons platforms Follows traditional, V-Model of systems engineering Software components utilize Waterfall methodologies Useful for fielding systems with stable capabilities and long life cycles F-16 (1974 -> ) USS Nimitz (1975 -> ) Individual Master File (1960s -> ) *Operation of the Defense Acquisition System (DoDI , 2017) 4
5 DoD Systems Acquisition: Now Urgent Operational Need: MRAP Tailored Systems Acquisition Hardware Defense Unique Software Incrementally Fielded Software Accelerated Hybrid Hybrid (software) 5
6 DoD Systems Acquisition: Now (cont.) Focus on fielding capabilities Mix of software and hardware, System of Systems approaches Utilizes Agile Systems Engineering Software components utilize Agile Development and DevOps concepts Short life cycles (Windows XP = 7 years, ios = 10 years) Challenges Managing Risk: More expensive, less time to figure it out Managing Complexity: Sub-systems as machines vs. natural systems Ensuring Rigor: Document vs. Model-Based Systems Engineering Opportunities Flexibility: Agile SE, Agile Software Dev allows for course correction User feedback: Feedback (good and bad) travels fast! 6
7 Defining HSI: DoDI Key activities Conduct tradeoffs between domains (tailored HSI) Ensure that all user types represented: operator, maintainer, support Retrieved from: 7
8 Defining HSI: INCOSE HSI Working Group The interdisciplinary technical and management process for integrating human organizational considerations within and across all elements of a socio-technical system during its whole life cycle to improve its safety, performance, and comfort. OR A specialty engineering discipline Something that gets auto-corrected to HIS. *Retrieved from: INCOSE HSI webinar (Dr. Guy Boy, 26 July 2018) 8
9 HSI Objectives to Adapt to Agile SE/Development successfully Challenging HSI in name only (unclear HSI tasking) Tends to occur when HSI mentioned only in documentation Missing/weak user-centered requirements (need to be baked in) Ensure timely HSI inputs to systems engineering artifacts Respecting organizational boundaries and timelines Providing product-centered value within HSI Domains and between stakeholders Avoiding the perception of gold plating (excess HSI tasking) Opportunity cost for critical system development resources: There s no system to integrate if program is permanently delayed Short-term thinking tarnishes reputation of the HSI enterprise 9
10 Discuss: What are some adaptation challenges as you conduct systems engineering in your organization? 10
11 DevOps: A Partnership DevOps is a set of practices that automates the processes between software development and IT teams * CAMS: Culture, Automation, Measurement, Sharing [Willis & Edwards, 2010] The Three Ways (Gene Kim)** Adopt Systems Thinking Amplify Feedback Loops Create a culture of Continual Experimentation Why DevOps? Part of the PEO C4I 7-pillar Digital Execution Plan Natural progression for business systems (PEO EIS) Captures the essence of interdisciplinary efforts * **DevOps images retrieved from 11
12 Use Case Templates and Assumptions Mini-use Case structure (a retrospective) Present key DevOps technical practices (The Ways ) Describe lessons learned on applying (or not applying) each of the Ways to HSI in Systems Engineering Provide a solution (or a call to action) Assumptions (for these use cases only) HFE = HSI (one-domain integration) User Experience (UX) is a reasonable approximation to HFE in software-intensive * systems It s all DevOps: DesignOps, UXDX*, assumed to fit the generic process 12
13 The First Way: Adopt Systems Thinking / Mindfulness of Flow Emphasizes system/global performance (vs. siloed/local performance) Prevent defective work from being sent downstream Continuous delivery ~50 Etsy Mini-use case 1.1: The three program managers Requirements/prototype sponsor Development authority Operations/sustainment Mini-use case 1.2: The andon Toyota *DevOps images retrieved from 13
14 The First Way: Systems Thinking / Flow (cont.) Solutions Understand relationships between local and system-level metrics Automate* (as much as possible) user-centered testing Establish a swarm mentality in solving problems Discuss: How do you communicate and declare risk downstream in your work? Parasuraman, Sheridan, & Wickens (2000). A Model for Types and Levels of Human Interaction with Automation. 14
15 The Second Way: Amplify Feedback Loops Shorten and amplify feedback loops to make necessary corrections Emphasize collaboration over process Mini-use case 2.1: BETA prototype for a Navy HR system End-user involvement in sprint demonstrations Multiple organizations, design integrations/dependencies Lessons learned Apply Lean UX principles Challenge the notion of centralized design leadership Rely on design hypotheses instead of pixel-perfect designs Discuss: What s your pixel-perfect trap? DevOps images retrieved from: 15
16 The Third Way: Create a culture of Continual Experimentation and Learning Create a culture of continual experimentation and risk taking Accept learning from failure Mini-use case 3.1: Systems Engineering Technical Reviews (SETR) Establishes risks and issues throughout the system lifecycle Independent, event-based review of HSI sufficiency in documentation Mini-use case 3.2: Aviation Safety Reporting NASA Mini-use case 3.3: Chaos Netflix * ** *** 16
17 The Third Way: Create a culture of Continual Experimentation (cont.) Solutions Apply the blameless post-mortem to all learning events Stress-test your systems and people (safely?) Set up an internal data collection/metrics system to gauge performance Discuss: What data do you have lying around that could be analyzed? 17
18 Summary and Next Steps Systems Engineering and HSI is moving faster than ever enjoy the ride! Think about the Three Ways in DevOps Consider a shift from process and tools towards individuals and interactions Next Steps Identify links with DevOps and Cybersecurity (DevSecOps concept) Apply Way #3 to this brief, mature use cases with specific HSI and Systems Engineering examples Spread the word! 18
19 Helpful Resources A DevOps reading list The Goal The Phoenix Project The DevOps Handbook Websites INCOSE HSI WG: DoD HFE TAG: Army HSI (formerly MANPRINT) Defense Acquisition University: 0-2f a1b c8aa0eb 19
20 Thank You! (858)
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