Citation for published version (APA): Hoijtink, M. (2016). Securing the European Homeland : Profit, risk, authority

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1 UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Securing the European Homeland : Profit, risk, authority Hoijtink, M. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Hoijtink, M. (2016). Securing the European Homeland : Profit, risk, authority General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam ( Download date: 27 Apr 2018

2 Securing the European Homeland : Profit, Risk, Authority Marijn Hoijtink Securing the European Homeland : Profit, Risk, Authority Marijn Hoijtink

3 Securing the European Homeland : Profit, Risk, Authority Marijn Hoijtink

4 Securing the European Homeland : Profit, Risk, Authority Cover design and layout: Juliet Campfens, Persoonlijk Proefschrift Print: Ipskamp Drukkers, Enschede This research was supported by the Dutch Council for Scientific Research (NWO), through the VIDI-grant European Security Culture (grant number ) Marijn Hoijtink. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the author.

5 SECURING THE EUROPEAN HOMELAND : PROFIT, RISK, AUTHORITY ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. D.C. van den Boom ten overstaan van een door het College voor Promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Agnietenkapel op woensdag 27 januari 2016, te uur door Marijn Hoijtink geboren te Alkmaar

6 Promotor: Prof. dr. M. de Goede Universiteit van Amsterdam Copromotor: Dr. O.H. Holman Universiteit van Amsterdam Overige leden: Prof. dr. L.A. Bialasiewicz Universiteit van Amsterdam Prof. dr. B.A. de Graaf Prof. dr. J. Grin Prof. dr. L.E. Lobo-Guerrero Dr. S.J. Simon Dr. R. van Munster Universiteit Utrecht Universiteit van Amsterdam Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Universiteit van Amsterdam Danish Institute for International Studies Faculteit der Maatschappij- en Gedragswetenschappen

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8 List of figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Overview of the security market: supply and demand characterisation Traditional forms of technology displayed at the Milipol worldwide exhibition of internal state security in Paris: weapons and munition Traditional forms of technology displayed at the Milipol worldwide exhibition of internal state security in Paris: protective clothing Characterization of security equipment supply and demand The Thales Group stand at the eighteenth Milipol exhibition of internal state security in Paris Detection and clearance of an unknown device by the fire brigade s CBRNE unit during the SECUR-ED demonstration in Milan Graffiti train catches the attention of the participants in the SECUR-ED Milan demonstration Type D machine displayed at the Milipol worldwide exhibition of internal state security in Paris Schiphol has central security. [Why] does that need to be in the paper? Passenger is customer, not a suspect

9 Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Conclusions References Annex I Annex II Summary Samenvatting Introduction: Securing the European Homeland Critical Approaches to Security and the State Studying Practice and Problematizations Capitalizing on Emergence: The New Civil Security Market in Europe Protecting Circulations and the European Homeland: EU Critical Infrastructure Protection Performativity and the Project: Enacting Urban Transport Security in Europe Governing in the Space of the Seam : Airport Security After the Liquid Bomb Plot Conducted Interviews List of Stakeholder Events Summary of Securing the European Homeland : Profit, Risk, Authority Nederlandse samenvatting van Securing the European Homeland : Profit, Risk, Authority

10 Acknowledgements Many people have helped making this research project an exciting and enjoyable one. First of all, Marieke de Goede, thank you for your critical and in-depth engagement with my ideas and writings and for your overall support for the project. Thank you also for encouraging me to develop a career in academia in the first place now many years ago and for being a mentor ever since. I hope our collaboration will extend beyond this PhD project and the University of Amsterdam. Otto Holman, thank you for investing much time and energy into this project, even if we do not belong to the same church (your words). I hope you have enjoyed our discussions as much as I did. I am sure that your insistence that I should bring out the normative implications of my research will continue to influence my work. Stephanie Simon, thank you for your support and friendship. Without our daily office discussions, this would have been a different book. I am grateful to have worked with such great colleagues in the Department of Political Science at the University of Amsterdam. My profound thanks to colleagues past and present in the Transnational Configurations, Conflict and Governance program group, in particular Marlies Glasius, John Grin, Jesse Hoffman, Julien Jeandesboz, Beste İşleyen, Polly Pallister-Wilkins, Yulia Poskakukhina, Gavin Sullivan, and Darshan Vigneswaran. Many thanks also to Franscisca Grommé, Victor Toom, and Lonneke van der Velden for collaboration in our surveillance reading group, and to Rivke Jaffe, Tessa Diphoorn, and Erella Grassiani for organizing a series of masterclasses on private security that have influenced the ideas in this book. I am fortunate to have been able to speak with experts and practitioners on fieldwork trips in Brussels, Bucharest, Geneva, London, Milan and Paris, and I would like to thank them for their assistance. In particular, I want to thank Jan Steinkohl and Mihai Barcanescu for arranging access to the SECUR-ED project, and Thomas Vandieken for his critical insights and engagement with my research. I owe debts to a great number of colleagues who provided valuable feedback on parts of the manuscript and who shaped my thinking and writing: Louise Amoore, Claudia Aradau, Rocco Bellanova, Thomas Diez, Merje Kuus, Debbie Lisle, Delf Rothe, Mark Salter and Rens van Munster. Many thanks also to Tugba Basaran and Didier Bigo for organizing a very inspiring summer school on Security, Borders and Mobility at the University of Kent in Brussels and for bringing together a great group of young

11 researchers. Emmanuel-Pierre Guittet and Philippe Bonditti, thank you for encouraging us to proceed with our 2014 conference on Mobility/Security: Between Authority and Imagination. Marie Beauchamps, Matthias Leese, Bruno Magalhães, Sharon Weinblum, and Stef Wittendorp: I am looking forward to the publication of our edited volume and to further collaboration and friendship. This book has also benefitted from a four-months research stay at the Law, Science, Technology & Society research group at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Paul de Hert, thank you for welcoming me in Brussels and into your excellent team of researchers. Many thanks also to Irina Baraliuc, Erika Ellyne and Jamal Shahin for their help and for showing me around, and to the Institute for European Studies at the Vrije Universiteit Brussels and the Political Science Research Centre of Saint-Louis University for providing me with the opportunity to present my work. I am very happy to have joined forces with Esther Marijnen, whose critical mind and enthusiasm are contagious. Esther, I hope this is just the start of a long-term friendship. My new colleagues in the Department of Political Science and Public Administration at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam have been enormously helpful during the final weeks before submitting the manuscript. I would like to thank, in particular, Bastiaan van Apeldoorn, Nana de Graaff, Trineke Palm, and Eelco van Wijk. I have also received much support from my officemates at the University of Amsterdam: Daniel, David, Douwe, Jesse, Joep, Jos and Kris, I am going to miss our daily little routines and bad jokes. Joep Schaper, thank you for bringing sunshine to the office every morning. At last, I am grateful for the support from friends and family in Amsterdam and Belgium. Special thanks to Laura, Mariann, Marije and Ellen for their help on the manuscript and interest in the project; to my grandparents, parents, Daan, Koen, Bouwien and Renée for encouraging me to work hard, but also enjoy life; and to Rodrigue, for allowing this manuscript interfere with our weekends, and for your support and patience.