Cover Page. The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation.

Transcription

1 Cover Page The handle holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Cengiz, N.B. Title: 'Non-Istanbulites' of Istanbul : the right to the city novels in Turkish literature from the 1960s to the present Issue Date:

2 NON-ISTANBULITES OF ISTANBUL: THE RIGHT TO THE CITY NOVELS IN TURKISH LITERATURE FROM THE 1960S TO THE PRESENT Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof. mr. C.J.J.M. Stolker, volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties te verdedigen op dinsdag 13 juni 2017 klokke 11:15 uur door Nuran Buket Cengiz geboren te İstanbul in 1976

3 ii Promotor: Prof. Erik-Jan Zürcher Co-promotor: Dr. Petra de Bruijn Promotiecommissie: Overige leden: Prof. Ivo Smits Prof. Ann Rigney (Utrecht University) Prof. Murat Güvenç (Kadir Has University) Dr. Liesbeth Minnaard

4 iii To all those who have nothing but their labour to help them in their struggle in the big city

5 iv Non-Istanbulites of Istanbul: The right to the city novels in Turkish literature from the 1960s to the present Nuran Buket Cengiz, 2017 Cover photo: Istanbul: Saraçhane. Atatürk Bridge. Unkapanı. Azapkapı [Aerial shot] Open access by courtesy of Salt Research. Code: AHISTDIV00015

6 V TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND AND CENTRAL QUESTION STATE OF THE ART THE MATERIAL ANALYSED : CREATION OF THE CORPUS THE ARGUMENT OF THE DISSERTATION... 8 CHAPTER STRUCTURE ,... 9 NOTES ON THE FORMAT : PART 1- FRAMEWORK AND CONTEXT FO~ ANALYSIS CHAPTER THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK: CULTURAL MATERIALISM AND APPLICATIONS OF NARRATOLOGY THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: CULTURAL MATERIALISM HISTORICIZING LITERATURE FORM AND CONTENT GENRES, CONVENTIONS AND FORMS......, CONCLUSION METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK APPLICATIONS OF NARRATOLOGY CONCEPTS OF NARRATOLOGY USED IN THE ANALYSES ' CONCLUSION CHAPTER THE HISTORICAL AND THE SOCIAL CONTEXT: ISTANBUL AND IMMIGRANTS BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT ISTANBUL THE 1950S AND 60S THE 1970S THE 1980S THE 1990S ARRIVAL OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED KURDS IN ISTANBUL GLOBALISATION, URBAN POVERTY AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION THE RISE OF POLITICAL ISLAM THE LATE 1990S AND THE 2000S......: AND AFTER CHAPTER THE URBAN SOCIOLOGICAL CONTEXT

7 3.1 THE RIGHT TO THE CITY THE QUESTION OF URBAN ITV: 'ISTANBULITES' AND 'NON-ISTAN BULITES' IMMIGRANTS' INTEGRATION INTO THE CITY THE ISTANBULITE AND 'NON-ISTANBULITE' DICHOTOMY LAYING CLAIM TO THE CITY: QUIET ENCROACHMENT VS. URBAN MOVEMENTS..., QUIET ENCROACHMENT......, URBAN MOVEMENTS CHAPTER S3 LITERARY HISTORICAL CONTEXT...:..., NOVELS WITH 'NON-ISTANBULITES' I.E. NEW ISTANBULITES AS THEIR SUBJECT MATTER NOVELS FOCUSING ON FIRST G~NERATION IMMIGRANTS......, NOVELS FOCUSING ON SECOND OR THIRD GENERATION IMMIGRANTS NOVELS WITH 'ISTANBULITES' I.E. OLD-ISTANBULITES AS THEIR SUBJECT MATTER NOVELS ABOUT OLD-ISTANBULITES WHERE A FEELING OF NOSTALGIA IS PREDOMINANT NOVELS ABOUT OLD-ISTANBULITES WHICH ARE NOT NOSTALGIC PART!I-IMAGINING THE IMMIGRATION EXPERIENCE: A HUMANIST APPROACH CHAPTER THE HOMESICK BIRDS: AN EMPATHETIC LOOK AT THE URBANITES OF THE FUTURE PLOT SUMMARY MAIN FEATURES TITLE AND BEGINNING CHARACTERS AND RELATED THEMES THE TABULA RASA IMMIGRANT LITERACY AND THE 'STANDARD DIALECT' IMMIGRANTS AND LABOUR MMIGRANTS AND THE ISTANBUL POGROM BEING MEN AND WOMEN IN THE CITY SETTING AND RELATED THEMES APPRECIATING THE CITY CONCLUSION CHAPTER UNCLE HALO AND TWO BULLS: A SARCASTIC LOOK AT RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION AND ITS DISCONTENTS PLOT SUMMARY : MAIN FEATURES TITLE AND BEGINNING CHARACTERS AND RELATED THEMES

8 vii IMMIGRANTS TO PITY, IMMIGRANTS TO BE DISGUSTED BY SETTING AND RELATED THEMES 'CITIZENS' INTIMIDATED IN THE PUBLIC REALM CONCLUSION l04 CHAPTER THE HOMESICK BIRDS AND UNCLE HALO AND TWO BULLS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS CHARACTERS AND RELATED THEMES SETTING AND RELATED THEMES ADDITIONAL POINTS : CONCLU510N PART Ill-INSIDER'S KNOWLEDGE: SURVIVAL IN THE JUNGLE OF ISTANBUL CHAPTER BERJI KRJSTIN: TALES FROM THE GARBAGE HILLS: A SATIRICAL LOOK AT UNIFORM URBANITY PLOT SUMMARY MAIN FEATURES TITLE AND BEGINNING CHARACTERS AND RELATED THEMES URBANIZATION OF IMMIGRANTS THE LEFT AND THE FLOWER HILL PEOPLE WHO IS MORE THE IMMIGRANT IN THE STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL? BEING A WOMAN IN FLOWER HILL SETTING AND RELATED THEMES FLOWER HILL: GARBAGE HILLS OF WHICH CITY? CONCLUSION CHAPTER HEAVY ROMAN(/): AN ALTERNATIVE URBANITY IN THE DIONYSIAN CITY PLOT SUMMARY MAIN FEATURES TITLE AND BEGINNING CHARACTERS AND RELATED THEMES SLANG AND URBANITY WOMEN ON THE STREETS AND INDOORS IN KOLERA SETTING AND RELATED THEMES...,...: COSMOPOLITAN KOLERA CITY AS OEUVRE IN THE POOR NEIGHBOURHOOD l KOLERA AND THE REST OF THE CITY

9 viii CHALLENGING THE DILAPIDATED NEIGHBOURHOOD DISCOURSE CONCLUSION CHAPTER BERJI KRISTIN: TALES FROM THE GARBAGE HILLS AND HEAVY ROMAN(I): A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS CHARACTERS AND RELATED THEMES SETTING AND RELATED THEMES ADDITIONAL POINTS CONCLUSION PART IV - ISTANBUL'S THRESHOLD: ALIENATION AND PERIPHE~Y EXPERIENCE CHAPTER ' ON THE PERIPHERY: EXISTENCE IN,THE GRIM CITY PLOT SUMMARY MAIN FEATURES TITLE AND BEGINNING CHARACTERS AND RELATED THEMES AN ANONYMOUS PROTAGONIST IDENTICAL STORIES OF IMMIGRANTS SETTING AND RELATED THEMES ANOTHER WAY OF LOOKING AT ISTANBUL LIFE ON THE PERIPHERY THE URBANITY OF LIFE l THE CITY OF IDLERS, OUTCASTS, TRAMPS AND THE HOMELESS CONCLUSION CHAPTER IT TAKES ALL KINDS: THE ISTANBUL FORGOTTEN IN THE VARO$ PLOT SUMMARY MAIN FEATURES TITLE AND BEGINNING CHARACTERS AND RELATED THEMES SISTERS OF DIFFERENT LANGUAGES THE WOMEN OF KOZLUK: CONSUMERS ON THE PERIPHERY SETTING AND RELATED THEMES UNDERSTANDING KOZLUK... ~ A LOOK AT KOZLUK FROM OUTSIDE RIGHTS IN THE INVISIBLE SIDE OF THE CITY EXPERIENCING ISTANBUL

10 ix 12.6 CONCLUSION CHAPTER ; ON THE PERIPHERY AND IT TAKES ALL KINDS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS CHARACTERS AND RELATED THEMES SETIING AND RELATED THEMES ADDITIONAL POINTS CONCLUSION PART V- CHANGING IMMIGRANTS, TRANSFORMING ISTANBUL CHAPTER ~ A STRANGENESS IN MY MIND: A LOVE STpRY OF A MAN AND HIS CITY PLOT SUMMARY MAIN FEATURES TITLE AND BEGINNING CHARACTERS AND RELATED THEMES QUIET ENCROACHMENT OF THE 'UNORDINARY' MEN AND WOMEN IN THE CITY SETIING AND RELATED THEMES THE SHANTIES OF KULTEPE AND DUTIEPE STIGMATISED NEIGHBOURHOODS AND IMMIGRANTS ISTANBUL AND THE MINORITY HERITAGE IN A TRANSFORMING ISTANBUL NOSTALGIA IN THE NOVEL AND CONCLUDING REMARKS PART VI -CONCLUSION CHAPTER CONCLUSION AND FINAL REMARKS A BRIEF COMPARISON IN TERMS OF CENTRAL FORMAL AND STYLISTIC FEATURES A BRIEF COMPARISON IN TERMS OF CENTRAL THEMES THE RIGHT TO THE CITY AS AN EXPLICIT THEME IMMIGRANTS BECOMING URBANITES IMMIGRANTS LAYING CLAIM TO THE CITY SOME SIMILAR MOTIFS IN THE NOVELS SOME NOTES ON LITERATURE MEDIATING REALITY FINAL REMARKS ' APPENDIX SHORT BIOGRAPHIC INFO ON THE AUTHORS OF THE NOVELS IN THE CORPUS WORKS CITED

11 X PRIMARY SOURCES SECONDARY SOURCES WORKS CONSULTED {

12 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to Petra de Bruijn, my co-promotor and Eric Jan Zürcher, my promotor for all their efforts in supervising my dissertation. I would like to thank Şükrü Aslan and Murat Cemal Yalçıntan who allowed me to audit their courses in the area of urban studies at Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University. Ken Hirschkop and Erol Köroğlu very kindly shared their comments on my experimentation with Bakhtin s theories in an early draft of the manuscript. Daniel Hartley answered my questions while I was trying to compare some key notions in the works of Raymond Williams, Fredric Jameson and Terry Eagleton. While writing the dissertation, I had gracious support from Ayşegül Baykan on different topics of urban sociology. Kadir Has University, where I have been employed as a member of the academic staff for the last thirteen years, provided invaluable support in my studies through all the opportunities it has provided. I would particularly like to thank to Teoman Türeli, the current director of the Kadir Has University Writing Centre where I work, and Mark Wyers, the former director; as well as to Sinan Bayraktaroğlu and Elif Karaaltın, directors of the English Language Unit of the University. I would also like to thank the staff of Khas Information Center, who helped me with my endless requests during my writing of the thesis. My father Yaşar Baki Cengiz contributed to this dissertation by translating one article from German into Turkish. He and my mother Mühübe Cengiz were always there to help me in any way they could. Gaye Eksen, for all these years, made sure that I had a warm family home in Leiden. I would like to thank three very close friends of mine here: Özgür Kalyoncu Akın, Sena Öksüz and Selçuk Uyanık. Their friendship uplifted my mood at some challenging moments of being a doctoral student. Kalyoncu Akın also treated me to many books and answered my questions on the publishing sector. Selçuk Uyanık, the physician at University Health Services, with her care and interest, did much more than just keeping me in good health during all these years. Special thanks go to Özgür Orhangazi, who has been by my side since the early stages of the dissertation writing process. He not only helped and motivated me psychologically during this process, but also supported me with his scholarly recommendations, despite belonging to a completely different discipline, as well as by helping me acquire resources from abroad.