An Overview to Human Computation. Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica
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1 An Overview to Human Computation Dr. Ling-Jyh Chen Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica
2 Outline What is Human Computation? Human Computation Examples Human Computation Issues
3 What is HCOMP? Many tasks are trivial for humans, but very challenging for computer programs. Let me show you two examples...
4 Example 1 One day I was in a traditional market in Plovdiv, Bulgaria...
5 Example 2 What is the fastest way to get to the airport from downtown in rush hour?
6 HCOMP If computer technologies can not do it well, why don t we help? You can do it! We can help! The basic ideas of HCOMP: 1. Let everyone do what they are good at! 2. Exploit human cycles! It is a type of collaborative intelligence and crowdsourcing.
7 HCOMP examples There are four types of HCOMP systems Voluntary Open source software; Wikipedia Incentive by money Amazon Mechanical Turk Incentive by fun Games with a Purpose You have no other choices... CAPTCHA/reCAPTCHA
8 Wikipedia
9 A free encyclopedia that everyone can change 271 languages 13,733,046 Articles 752,382,630 Edits 19,005,452 Users
10
11 If the English-language Wikipedia is printed and bound in book form. (Each volume 25cm tall, 5cm thick, and containing 1,600,000 words or 8,000,000 characters.)
12 Wikipedia is a type of collaborative intelligence Knowledge is accumulated, published, and accessible freely But, be careful...
13 Mechanical Turk
14 Automaton Chess Player
15
16 Amazon Mechanical Turk Examples
17
18 Games with a Purpose
19 PlayPumps "It is wonderful to see the children having so much fun on these roundabouts (PlayPumps) while at the same time bringing an essential service to the community." Hennie Wesseling, TNT Director "I witnessed how a simple water pump can transform a village and give its children a chance to thrive." Jay-Z, Def Jam Records CEO and rap artist "Water is intimately linked with education and gender equality. Girls who have to spend time gathering water for the family tend not to be in school. And where schools have sanitation, attendance is higher; especially for girls." Kofi Annan, United Nations Secretary General "Water is essential to life and we are committed to finding solutions that help alleviate its scarcity in some of our neediest communities. The PlayPump concept offers communities and schools an excellent way to access fresh water." Dave Govender, Enviornmental Affairs Manager, Coca-Cola Southern and East Africa "Partnerships are essential if we are to help Mozambique s education and culture sector, as well as the sector of water and sanitation, to get back on their feet after so many years of devastating war." Angela Van Rynbach, Country Director, United Nations World Food Programme
20 GWAP players perform basic tasks that cannot be automated. While being entertained, people produce useful data as a side effect. Pioneered by Dr. Luis von Ahn (CMU) who created the ESP game.
21 PLAYER 1 PLAYER 2 GUESSING: CAR GUESSING: HAT GUESSING: BOY GUESSING: CAR GUESSING: KID SUCCESS! YOU AGREE ON CAR SUCCESS! YOU AGREE ON CAR
22 Some statistics (July 2008) 200,000+ players have contributed 50+ million labels. Each player plays for a total of 91 minutes. The throughput is about 233 labels/player/ hour (i.e., one label every 15 seconds) Google bought a license to create its own version of the game in 2006.
23 GWAP applications Image/sound/video annotation Speech/gesture/emotion recognition Natural language understanding Commonsense reasoning Geospatial tagging and more...
24 CAPTCHA
25 CAPTCHA: Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart
26
27 recaptcha: exploit HCOMP to real problems
28 Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and/or Human Character Recognition (HCR): complementary, not competitive! Human-aided OCR: using Computer-aided HCR to help OCR Well, how about Chinese characters?
29
30 Open Issues of HCOMP System benchmark Quantity # of outcomes / time # of new outcomes / time queueing time / puzzle response time / puzzle processing time / puzzle.. Quality correctness fidelity usability applicability extensibility..
31 Open Issues of HCOMP System design issues centralized vs distributed system single vs multiple players per round single vs multiple outcomes per round pure vs computer-aided HCOMP stationary vs mobile players `just enough incentives not yet another HCOMP system
32 Summary HCOMP outsources certain steps of the computational process to humans. It has shown promise in solving a variety of problems that computer computation cannot currently resolve completely. Let everyone do what they are good at! HCOMP is an emerging area/application with lots of opportunities.
33 Make good use of your brain power!
34 Don t misuse it!
35 Thanks
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