SOCIOLOGY HONORS 9/3/10 2

Transcription

1 CHAPTER 1 9/3/10 1

2 SOCIOLOGY HONORS 9/3/10 2

3 Unit 1 The founda5ons of Sociology Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Sociology - Science that studies human society and social behavior. Sociologists concentrate on social interaction. 9/3/10 3

4 Sociological Imagina5on Ability to see the connections between the larger world and our social lives can assist you in daily life. 9/3/10 4

5 Sociological imagina5on How does society shape human behavior and beliefs? How do these beliefs shape society? See ourselves in the context of culture and society. People adapt to and are changed by their physical and social environments. 9/3/10 5

6 Goals of this class Students should be able to o Compare sociology to other social sciences o Discuss the development of early sociology o Learn about the contribu5ons of early sociologists. o Compare and contrast sociology s three main theore5cal perspec5ves. o Recognize and describe the components of culture. o Discuss cultural universals and cultural varia5ons. o Describe both tradi5onal and emerging values in the American value system. o Explain how culture is maintained and changed. o Describe the components of social structure; the structure of groups, socie5es and formal organiza5ons; and the nature of social interac5on. 9/3/10 6

7 Sociology - systema5c study of human society, social interac5on Phenomenon - an observable fact 9/3/10 7

8 C. Wright Mills: Contributes the concept of Sociological Imagina5on Sociological imagina5on see yourself in context see general in par5cular: the categories to which we belong shape our outlook 9/3/10 8

9 You What is important to you in life?.music, life, classes, rela5onships Who or what in your world influenced you?.friends, family, media, teachers What is true about you? Influenced by Like Green Day Taking Sociology Good with money, savings Raised $ at a benefit Older sister Guidance Counselor Uncle Jim Read about it online 9/3/10 9

10 Benefits of Studying Sociology Assess truth of our assumptions. Assess our opportunities and constraints. Participate more fully in society. Recognize and appreciate diversity. 9/3/10 10

11 Traditional Sociological concepts (textbook) Societies are increasingly interconnected. Many human problems we face here are far more serious elsewhere. Thinking globally is a good way to learn more about ourselves. 9/3/10 11

12 21 st Century Sociological concepts (your input) Instant communication is available virtually everywhere. How can we be responsible global citizens? Is helping others always appropriate? Micro-level learned helplessness Macro-level aid may not reach those in need Who are we as a country? How are we perceived? What are the benefits and limitations of multiculturalism? 9/3/10 12

13 9/3/10 13

14 The Sociology of Sports How do fans behave at spor5ng events? Pick a sport and describe fan behavior. Do you think that the nature of the sport affects the behavior of the fans? Subject: Spor5ng events 1 paragraph Intro sentence Body Summary sentence Read aloud or pass and read anonymously 9/3/10 14

15 Social Sciences 9/3/10 15

16 Social Sciences the study of human society What are the 7 social sciences? Where could you learn more about society? 9/3/10 16

17 Social Sciences the study of human society Anthropology comparative study of various aspects of past and present cultures - closest to sociology. Sociology group behavior in complex societies 9/3/10 17

18 Psychology Social Sciences the behavior and thinking of organisms. individual vs. group uses natural sciences personality, perception, motivation, and learning Social psychology how an individual s behavior and personality are affected by the social environment. 9/3/10 18

19 Social Sciences Economics -the choices people make in order to satisfy their wants and needs. Goods and services produced, distributed and consumed. Gov t policies. Effect of economic factors interests sociologists. political science - the organization and operation of governments. Overlaps with sociology: voting patterns, politically base groups. history - study of past events. Like many social historians, sociologists study past events to explain current social behaviors and attitudes. 9/3/10 19

20 9/3/10 20

21 9/3/10 21

22 9/3/10 22

23 9/3/10 23

24 Era Explana8on of human behavior Examples Classical An5quity 700 BCE to the 5 th century Theology/G_d Plato, Aristotle Medieval 5mes 5 th - 15 th century Theology/G_d St Thomas Aquinas Renaissance 14 th - 17 th centuries Metaphysical stage: Nature Thomas Hobbes; Copernicus, Galileo, Newton Enlightenment Scien5fic, Modern philosophy 17 th - 18 th centuries (roughly) 17 th century to present Development of public sphere ; ques5oning of society August Comte: Study humans using Science French Revolu5on 9/3/10 24

25 Era Explana8on of human behavior Examples Classical An5quity 700 BCE to the 5 th century Theology/G_d Plato, Aristotle Medieval 5mes 5 th - 15 th century Theology/G_d St Thomas Aquinas Renaissance Enlightenment Scien5fic, Modern philosophy 14 th - 17 th centuries 17 th - 18 th centuries (roughly) 17 th century to present Metaphysical stage: Nature Development of public sphere ; ques5oning of society August Comte invents SOCIOLOGY to Study humans using Science Thomas Hobbes; Copernicus, Galileo, Newton French Revolu5on Comte applies science to human problems 9/3/10 25

26 Macro- level societal Structural- func5onalist paradigm (perspec5ve) Auguste Comte Emile Durkheim Herbert Spencer Social- conflict paradigm Karl Marx W.E.B. DuBois Micro- level - interpersonal Symbolic- interac5onist paradigm Max Weber 9/3/10 26

27 Auguste Comte ( ) Father of sociology, coined the term. Wanted to find solutions to the chaos created by the French revolution. Relatively traditional wanted to use Scientific Method to uncover laws that govern society. order - social statics - processes by which society remains same change - social dynamics - process by which society changes to allow for development 9/3/10 27

28 Comte con5nued Auguste Comte ( ) Positivism: understand the world based on science 9/3/10 28

29 Herbert Spencer Coined the term survival of the fittest (not Darwin) to indicate that The fittest societies would survive over time. Weaker members should not be helped, Social change and unrest were natural. As social problems increased during the 19 th century (1800s), he fell out of favor. Saw society with a biological analogy. Interdependence of features. 9/3/10 29

30 Emile Durkheim ( ) agreed with Spencer that society was a set of interdependent parts that balance themselves over time. Social solidarity - how societies hang together. Function - positive consequence that an element of society has for the maintenance of the social system. Sociologists should only study that which is directly observable. Thoughts and feelings not appropriate subject matter. 9/3/10 30

31 Karl Marx ( ) Economist - society is affected by how economy is organized. Non-traditional thinker. Troubled by poor social conditions under capitalism. Saw that industry concentrated $ in hands of the few. Social scientists should help society (not just study it.) Workers should own the means of production 9/3/10 31

32 Max Weber ( ) Weber was interested in groups within society. Max is micro He looked into the effects of society on the individual. Max is the Micro-level sociologist. Symbolic-interactionist paradigm: Interaction between people. Go beyond what is observed to Verstehen (fer-shtay-en) meaningful understanding. See the world through the eyes of others. Ideal type - Not a utopian vision, but the essential elements of a social aspect. 9/3/10 32

33 nifest and latent consequences party. cribe a party where students k and then drive. Break up into ups of two and describe the social sequences for vers, f teens, s a whole. ial coherence and loyalty to the up: 9/3/10 33

34 INEQUALITY - Conflict that arises over scarce resources leads to valuable, inevitable, social change. Therefore if you work toward solidarity, you inevitably hurt some people. Sociologists - rich vs. poor, etc., schools and tracking School replicates the class structure. Sociologists often intervene. Marx - felt we should change the world. Evaluation - Large following. Ignores unifying concepts. If is has political goals, can it be objective? But Conflict theorists do not think objectivity is possible. Both of these theories use broad terms - race, etc. They are macro-level theories Interactionist (Symbolic- Interaction) (Weber, George Herbert Mead, Erving Goffman) meaning for individual of own actions and those of others. Micro. 9/3/10 34 S-I focus is on social interaction in