LEARNING IN RETIREMENT THE CANADIAN INTELLIGENCE ENTERPRISE (CIE): WHAT CANADIANS NEED TO KNOW

Transcription

1 LEARNING IN RETIREMENT THE CANADIAN INTELLIGENCE ENTERPRISE (CIE): WHAT CANADIANS NEED TO KNOW CLASS 1 19 APRIL :30-3:30 p.m. Introduction to the concepts of national security and intelligence Instructor: Jim Cox (james.cox@carleton.ca)

2 COURSE OBJECTIVES Class 1: To introduce the concepts of national security and intelligence Class 2: To explain the overall role, organization and functioning of the CIE Class 3: To explain the overall role, organization and functioning of military, defence and foreign intelligence Class 4: To explain the overall role, organization and functioning of security and signals intelligence Class 5: To outline Privy Council Office and other intelligence activity Class 6: To become familiar with intelligence oversight and accountability in Canada 2

3 PRELIMINARIES Announcements Course amendments Questions from previous class 3

4 Aim CLASS 1 To introduce the concepts of national security and intelligence Objectives 1. To introduce the national security function in Canada 2. To answer the question: What is intelligence? 4

5 SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE Security Intelligence (do) (enable)

6 SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE

7 THEORETICAL POLICY/STRATEGY FRAMEWORK Policy level: Omnibus government policies... security, prosperity, social justice... political objectives ---POLICY IS IMPLEMENTED BY STRATEGY, WHICH AIMS TO ACHIEVE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES--- Grand strategic level: National grand strategy... all elements of national power Strategic level: Functional strategies... priorities, resources ---STRATEGY IS EXECUTED BY CAMPAIGN PLANS TO TO ACHIEVE OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVES--- Operational level: Campaigns/programs... Deployment, campaign planning ---CAMPAIGNS CONTROL TACTICAL ACTION TO ACHIEVE ASSIGNED OBJECTIVES--- Tactical level: Battles, engagements, grass-roots activity

8 NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE CANADIAN STATE International security environment Global Regional Continental Country External security environment National defence Territorial waters and Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Airspace Domestic security environment Rule of law Law enforcement Economic security Information security Quality of life security

9 ELEMENTS OF NATIONAL POWER Natural Geography/Geo-strategic position Resources Population/Culture Social Economic/Commerce Political/Diplomatic Military Psychological/Political will Informational/Technology

10 NATIONAL SECURITY ISSUES How to promote Canadian values, defend and protect Canadian interests in the face of: Weaknesses Vulnerabilities Threats Natural Man-made Intelligence predicts adversary capability and intent Protection (anti somewhat passive...) Defence (counter active...)

11 AREAS OF RESPONSIBILITY EXTERNAL Privy Council Office DOMESTIC Global Affairs Canada (GAC) Department of National Defence (DND) Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Communications Security Establishment (CSE) Public Safety Canada Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) Canadian Security Intelligence Service Integrated Terrorism Assessment Centre Financial Transactions Reports and Analysis Centre Canadian Air Transportation Security Authority

12 WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE? How smart are you? How high do you score on tests? How well do you solve problems? How well do you solve mysteries? How well can you figure out what an enemy will do? How well can a computer learn to do all this? 12

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14 FIELDS OF INTELLIGENCE STUDY FIRST COLUMN Artificial intelligence Biology Computer science Decision science Genetic sciences Machine learning Mind and brain theories Neuroscience Philosophy Psychiatry Psychology Quantum theory/physics SECOND COLUMN History Political science War studies Military studies Military science 14

15 DICTIONARY DEFINITIONS OF INTELLIGENCE The faculty of understanding; intellect. Understanding as a quality of admitting of degree superior understanding; quickness of mental apprehension, sagacity. The action or fact of mentally apprehending something; understanding, knowledge, cognizance, comprehension (of something) (Merriam-Webster Dictionary) Knowledge as to events communicated by or obtained from another; information, news, tidings;...information of military value a piece of information or news the obtaining of information; the agency for obtaining secret information; the staff of persons so employed, secret service (Oxford Dictionary Online) 15

16 PSYCHOLOGY DEFINITIONS individuals differ from one another in their ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of reasoning, to overcome obstacles by taking thought (Board of Scientific Americans, 1995) A very general mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. it reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending our surroundings "figuring out" what to do. (Gottfredson, Wall Street Journal, 1994) 16

17 GOVERNMENT DEFINITIONS The term intelligence is defined as the product resulting from processing information concerning foreign nations, hostile (or potentially hostile) forces or elements, or areas of actual or potential operations. The term Intelligence is also applied to Intelligence activities that result in the product; and to the organizations engaged in Intelligence activities (Canadian Armed Forces Intelligence Doctrine) Intelligence refers to the product resulting from the collection, collation, evaluation and analysis of information with respect to issues covered under the CSIS mandate (CSIS) Information collected is collated with information from many other sources. It becomes intelligence when it is analyzed [and] included in a threat assessment (RCMP) 17

18 COMPONENTS OF INTELLIGENCE People Process Organization Product Learning from experience Purpose Exploiting the environment Prediction for advantage Levels strategic, operational, tactical 18

19 THE NATURE OF INTELLIGENCE There is one intelligence, but it is manifest in many forms. Intelligence is a higher form of cognition than information, awareness, knowledge or understanding. Intelligence has a point to it and does not exist for its own sake. It is derived from purposeful goal-setting and shapes decisions relevant to achieving those goals. Intelligence is intent driven, by a learning executive authority of some sort, which provides clear objectives. Intelligence is an enabling function. It doesn t do anything. It enables an operational learning entity to act with advantage. Presuming an acting role is intelligence arrogance.

20 THE NATURE OF INTELLIGENCE Intelligence does not identify all possibilities, it provides a small prioritized range of relevant, assessed probabilities. Intelligence organizations are simply man s attempt to replicate the natural or human intelligence phenomenon in a social group. Intelligence is not free-range thinking. It is different from research. Research reveals what was or is. Intelligence suggests what will probably be. Intelligence is different from evidence. Evidence is based on facts and must stand up in a court of law beyond a reasonable doubt. Intelligence is pre-fact and just has to be good enough.

21 INFORMATION IS NOT INTELLIGENCE Canadian Armed Forces Intelligence Doctrine says Information consists of a single item or a group of data. It is defined as unprocessed data of every description which may be used in the production of intelligence. 21

22 INTELLIGENCE COGNITIVE HIERARCHY (Adapted from Bloom s Taxonomy of Learning Domains) INTELLIGENCE Assessed Probabilities Understanding/Wisdom Cognition and Judgement Knowledge Analysis Information Evaluation and Collation Datum/Data

23 FRAMEWORK FOR A THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE 23

24 The simplest and most elegant definition of intelligence you have ever seen INTELLIGENCE IS REASONED FORESIGHT THAT ENABLES ADVANTAGEOUS ACTION

25 MILITARY INTELLIGENCE DOCTRINE

26 TRADITIONAL INTELLIGENCE CYCLE DIRECTION DISSEMINATION COLLECTION PROCESSING

27 ANOTHER TRADITIONAL INTELLIGENCE CYCLE GOVERNMENT DIRECTION DISSEMINATION PLANNING ANALYSIS COLLECTION

28 INTELLIGENCE VALUE SYSTEM MODEL (complex adaptive system of systems) Mission objectives and requirements Focused and principled leadership direction Collection, collation and Evaluation Data Information Analysis and judgment Assessment of probabilities Knowledge Understanding Reasoned foresight Presentation Decision and application INTELLIGENCE Advantageous Action Evaluation and Review Continuous review and evaluation for advantage

29 Aim CLASS 1 - REVIEW To introduce the concepts of national security and intelligence Objectives 1. To introduce the national security function in Canada 2. To answer the question: What is intelligence? 29

30 LESSON 2 PREVIEW Class 1: To introduce the concepts of national security and intelligence Class 2: To explain the overall role, organization and functioning of the CIE Class 3: To explain the overall role, organization and functioning of military, defence and foreign intelligence Class 4: To explain the overall role, organization and functioning of security and signals intelligence Class 5: To outline Privy Council Office and other intelligence activity Class 6: To become familiar with intelligence oversight and accountability in Canada Readings: Greg Fyffe, The Canadian Intelligence Community After 911, Craig Forcese, Canada s Security & Intelligence Community after 9/11: Key Challenges and Conundrums,