Monday 13:40-16:30 FEAS Building A - F15

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1 Middle East Technical University Fall STPS 507 Research Methods in Science and Technology Studies Erkan Erdil, Teoman Pamukçu, Semih Akçomak Monday 13:40-16:30 FEAS Building A - F15 This course intends to introduce the main terminology and concepts used in science and technology policy studies related research. Completing the course the students are expected to acquire the following skills: a) Doing research: (how to form up a research question; how to organise an academic article; what kind of methodology to use; presenting research results etc.) b) Understanding the main concepts such as R&D, innovation, government policy, STI policy etc. c) Specific information on how to measure R&D and innovation (both conventional and unconventional methods) d) Collecting and using innovation related data Keywords: Research strategy; sampling; innovation terminology; Frascati manual; Oslo manual; TUİK innovation data; innovation surveys; measurement of innovation; writing academic papers; government and STI policy, doing (academic) presentations, COURSE OUTLINE WEEK 1 (Erkan Erdil, Teoman Pamukçu and Semih Akçomak) Introduction. 30 minute presentation of activities of METU-TEKPOL. Brief intro on course design and outline. WEEK 2-3 (Erkan Erdil) Organising a research Forming a research question, hypothesis Theory and research Epistomology and ontology Research strategy ASSIGNMENT 1: Research design. 10 points. WEEK 4 (Teoman Pamukçu) What is government or public policy? Why do we need policy? Industrial, Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy Justification for STI policy Types of STI policy Implementation of STI policy Evaluation of STI policies 1

2 WEEK 5 (Semih Akçomak) Key concepts in science, technology and innovation policy. Each concept will be briefly introduced and examples will be given from history and everyday life that will clarify the concepts. Knowledge vs. Information Research and Development (basic, applied, experimental) Technology Innovation Patents Diffusion of technology National system of innovation ASSIGNMENT 2: Pick one of the concepts from the above list and discuss what can be done in terms of government policy to induce R&D, innovation, technology upgrading etc. At most 2000 words. 15 points. WEEK 6 (Semih Akçomak) How to write a good research article? Presenting research results in a consistent and understandable way Organising sections of the article Writing an introduction How to do a good presentation? Short-presentations versus long presentations How to use visuals Examples from a list of presentation from previous students WEEK 7-8 (Teoman Pamukçu) Introduction to science and technology related jargon Frascati, Oslo and Canberra manual The sessions will be conducted on discussions based on student presentations (each student will be assigned one chapter from Frascati or Oslo Manual) ASSIGNMENT 3: Presentation on Frascati and Oslo Manual. 10 points. WEEK 9 (Semih Akçomak) Measurement of Innovation Innovation surveys- history, Community Innovation Surveys, TUİK R&D and Innovation Surveys WEEK (Teoman Pamukçu) We will watch and comment on a presentation by TUİK personnel with interruptions by Teoman Pamukçu and the students Sampling Sampling Problem Simple Random Sampling Stratified Random Sampling Two-Stage Random Sampling Systematic Sampling 2

3 Cluster Sampling Two-Stage Cluster Sampling Innovation survey Survey on PhDs ICT use Survey ASSIGNMENT 4 (TBA) WEEK 12 (Semih Akçomak) Student presentations on science, technology and innovation base in Turkey Patents: (possible source) Teknoloji Geliştirme Bölgeleri Kanunu (5520 den de yararlansınlar) 5746 Ar-Ge kanun (5520 den de yararlansınlar) TÜBİTAK (Role of TUBİTAK, what kind R&D and innovation support mechanism) BSTB (role in the innovation system, what kind R&D and innovation support mechanism) KOSGEB destekleri (ar-ge ve inovasyona yönelik) ASSIGNMENT 5: 10 points. WEEK 13 (Semih Akçomak) Conventional and non-conventional ways of measuring innovation o Constructing indices. o Example in class. o ASSIGNMENT 6: constructing indices. 15 points. WEEK 14 (Semih Akçomak) Measurement of innovation in the public and service sector Grading: There will be 6 assignments and a final take-home exam (weights of the assignments ranges from 10 to 20 points). One of the assignments is a group work on building indices. Reference Material Arundel, A., C. Bordoy, P. Mohnen and K. Smith (2008), Innovation surveys and policy: lessons from the CIS in Nauwelaers, C. and Wintjes, R. (eds), Innovation Policy in Europe. Measurement and Strategy, Edward Elgar: Bryman, A., (2008) Social Research Methods, Oxford University Press. Chaminade, C. and Edquist, C. (2010), Rationales for public policy intervention in the innovation process, in Smits, R.E., Kuhlmann, S. and Shapira, P., The theory and practice of innovation policy, Edward Elgar: Cheltenham. pp Çıngı, H., (1994) Örnekleme Kuramı, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi. 3

4 Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989) Making Fast Strategic Decisions in High-Velocity Environments, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 32, No. 3 (Sep., 1989), pp Eisenhardt, K.M. and M.E. Graebner (2007), Theory building from cases: opportunities and challenges, Academy of Management Journal, 50 (1), Ellet, W., (2007) Case Study Handbook, How to Read, Discuss, and Write Persuasively About Cases, Harvard Business School Press. European Commission (2002), 2002 European Innovation Scoreboard Technical Paper No 6 Methodology Report. Hult, C.A. (1996) Researching and Writing in the Social Sciences, Allyn and Bacon: Boston. Kalton, G. (1983), Introduction to Survey Sampling, Sage Publications, London. Kaspryzyk, D, Duncan, G.J., Kalton, G., and Singh, M.P., (1989) Panel Surveys, Toronto: Wiley. Kim, J-O and Mueller, C. W. (1978), Introduction to factor analysis: What it is and how to do it, SAGE: Beverly Hills. Lehtonen, R. and Pahkinen, E.J., (1995) Practical Methods for Design Analysis of Complex Surveys, New York: Wiley. Lipsey, R. (1998), Technology policy in neo-classical and structuralist-evolutionary model, STI Review, 22, Lohr, S.L. (2010), Sampling: Design and Analysis, Second Edition, Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning: Boston. Metcalfe, J.S. (2005), Systems failure and the case for innovation policy, in Llerena, P. and Matt, M. (eds), Innovation policy in a knowledge based economy, Springer, pp Metcalfe, J.S. (1994), Evolutionary economics and technology policy, Economic Journal, 104 (425), National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science, OECD, (2002) Frascati Manual. The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities: Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development, Paris: OECD. OECD, (2005) Oslo Manual. The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data, Paris: OECD. OECD (2012) Working party of national experts on Science and Technology Indicators. Measuring R&D in developing countries. Annex to Frascati Manual. Simons, H., (2009), Case Study Research in Practice, SAGE. 4

5 Schibany, A. and Streicher, G. (2008), The European Innovation Scoreboard: Drowning in numbers?, Science and Public Policy, 35(10), Schofield, W. (2006), Survey Sampling in: Data Collection and Analysis, R. Sapsford and V. Jupp (eds.), Second Edition, Sage Publications: London, Steinmueller, E (2010), Economic of Technology Policy, in Hall, B. and Rosenberg, N. eds. Hand Books in Economics, Economics of Innovation, Vol. 2. North Holland: Amsterdam. pp Tryfos, P., (1996) Sampling Methods for Applied Research, Text and Cases, New York: Wiley. 5

Comments and Critics on the Discrepancies between the Oslo Manual and the Community Innovation Surveys in Developed and Developing Countries

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICIES RESEARCH CENTER TEKPOL Working Paper Series 09/02 Comments and Critics on the Discrepancies between the Oslo Manual and the Community Innovation Surveys in Developed and