(1. , ) , ;2. N ( 2007) , ,,,, ,,, (1966 ), 2004 (1955 ),,

Transcription

1 1 2 (1., , ),,, N09 A ( 2007) ,,,, 1637, ( ), (1679, 1636 ),,,,,, 1,,,,,,,,,,, (1966 ), 2004 (1955 ),, 74

2 ,, 17,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( 2 3 ) 1. (1), (2) (3) (4) (a,b,c,... ) (5), a b, A AB AC, AB 1,AC a,ad b, BC, D DE BC, AE a b, AE c, AC c b ( 1 ) 1 x = x x 2,,x ( ),x 2,,, 4,, 75

3 a, A AD, AB 1,BD a, AD O, O, AD, B BC AD C, AC,CD, BC a ( 2 ) 2. (1) (2),, (3), 3., (Pappus, ) AG GH EF AD, C CB CQ CR CS, CB CR = CS CQ C ( 3) cx + dx 2 (1) C, AB x,cb y (2), CR CS CQ x y (3) CB CR = CS CQ, C y 2 = ay + bxy + ( a b c d ), 4., (1) y,x (2), y, x (3), C,, F(x,y) = 0 x y,,, x, x, F(x,y) = 0 y ( 4), x,y,, ( ),, 76 1)

4 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 5.,,,, 5 ( 4),,,,,,,,,,, ( 6,viii ) ( ), ( 6,ix ),,,,, (Je pense,donc je suis), ( 6,pp ),,, ( ),,,, 8,,,,, 9,,,,,, 7, 77

5 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10, (,, ),,, (Jacques Hadamard, ),,, ( ),,, 11,,,,,,, (,, ),, 12 (1),,,, ( ), 78

6 (2),,, (3),, (4),,,,,,,,,,, 13,,,,, (1), ( ) (2), ( ) (3) ( ) (4) ( ) (5) ( ) (6) ( ), (1) ( ) (2) (, ) (3) (, ) (4) (, ) (5) (, ), (1), (2), (3), (4) (5), (6), (7), (8), 79

7 ,,,, (, ) 1. M..,2004,27 2 Rene Descartes, THE GEOMETRY, translated from the French and Latin by, David Eugene Smith and Martha L. Latham, Chicago, M.., ,, J 2003 (10),59 5. A., M.., ( ) M..,1981,90 8. M..,2004,15..,1981, M.. ( ) M,.,2002,8 10. M.,1971, E. T.. M.., , J,1993(3), , M.,, Chung, S. Building a national innovation system through regional innovation systems J Technovation,2002, Cooke, P. Regional innovation systems, clusters and the knowledge economy C. Paper presented at the Industrial and Corporate Change, 2001 ABIΠINFORM Global Cooke, P., Uranga, M. G., Etxebarria, G. Regional innovation systems Institutional and organisational dimensions J Research Poli2 cy,1997, Todtling, F., Trippl, M. One size fits all? Towards a differentiated regional innovation policy approach J Research Policy,2005, Cooke, P., Morgan, K. The Network Paradigm New Departures in Corporate and Regional Development J Environment and Planning D Society and Space,1993, Saxenian, A. A Response to Richard Florida and Martin Kenney J California Management Review,1991, Grossman, G. M., Helpman, E. Technology and Trade G. ΠΠIn G. M. Grossman & K. Rogoff ( Eds. ), Handbook of International Economics. New York North Holland Saxenian, L. Regional advantage Culture and competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 M. Cambridge Harvard University Press M Asheim, B., Coenen, L. The role of regional innovation systems in a globalising economy comparing knowledge bases and institutional frameworks of Nordic clusters C. Paper presented at the The DRUID Summer Conference 2004 on Industrial Dynamics, Innovation and Development Steinle, C., Schiele, H. When do industries cluster? A proposal on how to assess an industries propensity to concentrate at a single re2 gion or nation J Research Policy,2002, Viitamo, E. Knowledge - intensive services and competitiveness of the forest cluster The case of Finland R OECD Interim Report Archibugi, Michie, J., Howels, J. Innovation systems in a global ecology J Technology Analysis & Strategic Management,1999,11(4). 80

8 ground and framework of the pragma - dialectical approach and the state of the art in argumentation theory. Research on Multi - level Architecture of Innovation Systems (p. 37) WEI Jiang, TAO Yan, HU Sheng - rong There are four existing systems of innovation approaches, namely, firm s innovation system approach, national one, regional one, and sec2 toral one. Now, the literatures pay new attentions to the innovation system on the industrial cluster and global economy, which are cluster innova2 tion system and global innovation system. This paper tries to build the multi - level architecture on innovation systems based upon the literature review. There are two issues that stand out as problematic. One is what is the appropriate architecture to explore the relationships of these evolved innovation systems, and another is what is the correlation when these innovation systems are evolving. Also, the further research suggestions are put forward. The Bifurcation of Social Constructivism from the Epistemological Chicken Debate (p. 44) LIU Peng, CAI Zhong The epistemological chicken debate broke out inside the Social Constructivism in 1990s. The debate signifies an important turn in social constructivism, namely, from SSK to Post - SSK. The most important character of the turn is that research focus changes from science as knowl2 edge to science as practice. In ontology, Post - SSK breaks the demarcation between nature and society, and in epistemology, it studies science as action, not as representation. Roles of Science in Overseas Modern China Studies (p. 50) CHEN Shou In Modern China Studies, many overseas scholars are used to adopt three approaches such as science - modernization, science - culture and science - politics to analyze the roles of science in modern China. According to these ways, science in modern China has correspondingly been presented as a modernized element, a kind of hetero - culture and ideology. Compared with the approaches used in studies for social history of science, their research can provide us with a diversified historical background of science - society,but not depict a historical picture about the lo2 calization of science in China precisely and subtly. Application of Context Analysis in History of Science An example of Alexandre Koyr s conception analysis (p. 57) FAN Li, WEI Yi - dong The key of Alexandre Koyr s conception analysis is to analyze a concept in a context. We examine contextually the body of knowledge and its explanation, ideas of science and the related, as well as the factors of origins of the ideas, so that we expose the unity of two different tradition of history of science, one of which is European philosophy, the other is analytical philosophy. Thus, we could provide a method to intervene the connection between philosophy of science and history of science. A Historical Account of the Accomplishment of the Straton Model in China (p. 62) DING Zhao - jun, HU Hua - kai The straton model was an important theoretical accomplishment of Chinese microphysics community in 1960s. This paper renders an ac2 count of the basic contents of the straton model and the epoch background during its establishment, and preliminarily evaluates its scientific values and historical influence as well. Tsung - Dao Lee s Impact on New China s Science and Technology Enterprise (p. 68) HAN Xiao - cheng Professor Tsung - Dao Lee, as an oversea Chinese and a winner of Nobel Prize in physics, has had a great impact on establishing New Chi2 na s self - confidence in science and technology innovation, modality of talent - training, the key projects and system of science and technology, as well as the propaganda of scientific knowledge since He is extremely outstanding among the oversea scientists, playing a particular con2 structive role in developing China s science and technology by means of interaction and communication with the Chinese politicians. The Exploration of Cultural Connotation of the Idea of Descartes Analytical Geometry (p. 74) LI Tie - an, WANG Qing - jian The invention of analytical geometry is a landmark in the history of mathematics, and one of its founders is Ren Descartes. In this paper, the cultural connotation of the idea of Descartes analytical geometry is explored from the following aspects the cultural and historical background under which the idea of analytical geometry was generated, Descartes thinking construction while inventing analytical geometry, the scientific and cultural sprit of Descartes, the historic significance of the idea of analytical geometry, and its innovation. It is of enlightenment for the under2 standing of mathematical culture to review the idea of Descartes analytical geometry from different angle of view