Systems and modes of ICT innovation René Wintjes

Transcription

1 Systems and modes of ICT innovation René Wintjes UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University Seville, IPTS

2 Topic/Method: Literature on Innovation Systems (1) and on firm-level modes of innovation (2): towards application for ICT innovation UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University 2

3 Insights the NIS concept builds on: away from the linear model: many sources of innovation, many interactions Supply-side: R&D policy new need Innovation demand-side: Problem-based: support user-, demand-driven process Solution-based: support commercialisation needs of society and markets idea generation development prototype manufacturing marketing & sales market place new technology state of the art in technology and production UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University 3

4 National Innovation System: dynamics, processes, policy Processes: innovations and system resources co-evolve Policy: many silo s in government impact on innovation processes: calls for strategic systems management Fagerberg 2013 UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University 4

5 From Information Society towards Societal System of ICT innovation, 4 type of actors interact and co-create UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University 5

6 System of ICT Innovation: components, processes and impact Innovation System components Innovation System purposes Processes (functions/activities) Actors Technologies Institutions Mechanisms of interaction Impact/ performance Knowledge for ICT Supply of ICT Skills for ICT Demand for ICT Finance for ICT Internationalisation for ICT UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University 6

7 Occurrence of the mixed modes of innovation at firm-level from in sectors which include ICT Industry Machinery, electrical, communication, medical equipment Post and telecoms KIBS, computer, R&D, legal, accounting IP/Technolog y innovating Marketing based innovating Wider innovating Process modernising Networked innovating Note: based on CIS data, average factor-scores (PCA) per sector; 0 = average all EU sectors Source: OECD (Frenz and Lambert,2012) UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University 7

8 Future: Integrate factor-scores on ICT modes of innovations and regional indicators on ICT systems to come to an EU typology of regional Systems of ICT innovation Identify main regional modes of ICT innovation allow for tailored innovation policy-mix, addressing the weaknesses in ICT innovation per type of system Variety (diversified set of modes) allows for new combinations in ICT innovation (and prevent from lock-in ) UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University 8

9 Implications for ICT innovation policy: wider systemic view towards societal level Beyond R&D policy (innovation supply-side); Beyond economic impact of innovation: societal challenges Beyond technological innovation (enabling ICT business/innovation models); Beyond old sector policy silo s: synergies from interaction across sectors in the economy, and across parts of society: new systemic policy tools. Importance of a diversity of actors and diversity of innovation activities, and resources (source for new combinations; and new policy-mix) Also in ICT innovation there are several modes, and policy makers should reduce diversity by favouring 1 mode of innovation (e.g. by only subsidising R&D or product innovation. Beyond market/price-mechanism for ICT: promote learning: hackatons, living-labs, bootcamps,demonstrators, platforms UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University 9

10 Policy implication: Continued wider symbiotic view Traditional policy focus in NIS/RIS and sectoral systems/clusters is on Science-Industry interactions, and impact for firms/economy Continued wider symbiotic view: synergies between societal challenges and ICT innovation: Smart domains Promote interactions between the 4 sub-systems of Societal Systems of ICT Innovation (e.g. public sector & social innovation; Demola: involving students as problem-solvers) UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University 10

11 Two policy-modes in linking up the supplyside to a strengthened ICT innovation demandside Two ways to cross the valley-of-death by linking global excellence and regional relevance: 1)problem-based ICT innovation policy tools 2)solution-based ICT innovation policymodes (commercialisation) UNU-MERIT, Maastricht University 11