THE QUEENSLAND STATE VELODROME: FORM AND STRUCTURE THROUGH PARAMETRIC DESIGN

01 INTRODUCTION

01 INTRODUCTION PROJECT OVERVIEW» New indoor 250m timber track velodrome to act as the Queensland state centre and have capability for international UCI events» Large clear spanning indoor stadium» Basic form a response to requirements of natural ventilation, seating strategies and dynamic form inspired by the track geometries USE OF PARAMETRICS THROUGHOUT THE DESIGN STAGES» Conceptual form finding» Conceptual structural modelling» Quantity analysis and design calibration» Analytical definitions for design proof» Detail design development» Construction modelling and shop drawing coordination» Integration of structural detailing with shop models

LEGACY SEATING VIEW OVERLAY SEATING VIEW

02 CONCEPTUAL FORM FINDING

02 CONCEPTUAL FORM FINDING ROOF FORM» Hyperbolic Parabola roof (pringle chip) form is generated mathematically from a single centre point. Being a mathematical representation the form remains pure and accurate. [z=ax 2 -by 2 ]

02 CONCEPTUAL FORM FINDING ROOF FORM» Control ratios added to adjust the flex of the form in both directions that allowed studies of form generated by the constraints of different cladding materials» These controls also allowed adjustments in the structural solution to raise or lower the extent of catenary arching actions across the span

02 CONCEPTUAL FORM FINDING WALL FORM» The extent of the wall structure is governed by the shape of the track, which can vary significantly within the UCI standards, and the extent of seating required» Traditional modelling techniques become very inefficient when dealing with a high degree of flex in a complex form

02 CONCEPTUAL FORM FINDING WALL FORM» Early forms needed to allow for this flexibility so were controlled by an elliptical plan generation to allow for independent stretching in both axes LEGACY SEATING VIEW OVERLAY SEATING VIEW

02 CONCEPTUAL FORM FINDING WALL FORM» Wall pitch needed to be adjustable so the structural span could be fine-tuned over the top of the general building size adjustments.

02 CONCEPTUAL FORM FINDING SEATING BOWL» The seating bowl is generated directly from the form of the track to allow sightlines and coordination with the top of the track» The elliptical base form allows easy adjustment to deal with studies affecting the seating form

03 CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURAL MODELLING

03 CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURAL MODELLING ROOF FORMS» A major design issue for large span roofs is the structural concept and generation of a structural diagram that is both efficient and in keeping with the architectural concept.

03 CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURAL MODELLING ROOF FORMS» Using the base architectural form definition to generate the structural diagram parametrically provided flexibility in conceptual stages

03 CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURAL MODELLING ROOF FORMS» Ability to assess a range of options quickly both structurally and against architectural design intent.» Use of geometry gym to convert centre line to a GSA compatible format to allow for quick analysis

03 CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURAL MODELLING ROOF FORMS» A radial truss solution was developed as it kept all angled columns and trusses in plane whilst allowing a perpendicular interface to the cladding form at column lines. Architecturally this structural form could begin to express the form of the building well rather than competing with it.» Structural Engineers were able to set parameters in the definition so that the form could evolve whilst adhering to the basic structural solution.

03 CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURAL MODELLING ROOF FORMS» The expected deflection is in the order of 200mm so a precambered steel set out was required to be developed. This required two models to be run simultaneously; this final state for analysis and building coordination, and a pre-cambered state for steel shop drawings. Writing this parametrically allowed a very quick and accurate way to run both and pick up any design development accurately.

04 QUANTITY ANALYSIS FOR COST PLANNING

04 QUANTITY ANALYSIS FOR COST PLANNING DESIGN CALIBRATION» Through the cost analysis stages a balance has to be struck to deliver the building on cost.» For more complex forms, parametric quantity analysis allows a very quick and flexible method to test many options for impact on building material quantity as well as design intent and effects on building function.» The effects of increasing curvature, wall angle or raising the structure can be hard to predict, but become quickly manageable

05 ANALYTICAL DEFINITIONS FOR DESIGN PROOF

05 ANALYTICAL DEFINITIONS FOR DESIGN PROOF» Sight line studies FULL STADIUM SIGHT LINE DIAGRAM GENERATED FROM SCRIPT C VALUE CALCULATION SCRIPT C VALUE DETAIL WEST GRANDSTAND C VALUE RANGES GRADED BY COLOUR

05 ANALYTICAL DEFINITIONS FOR DESIGN PROOF» Rainwater flow paths» Roof Curvature ananlysis RAIN WATER PATH ANALYSIS GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF CURVATURE

05 ANALYTICAL DEFINITIONS FOR DESIGN PROOF» Eaves clash analysis

06 DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

06 DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE WALL STRUCTURES» The use of fabric as a cladding material allowed to façade to be developed as a twisted geometry» The wall framing definition used a weave effect projecting alternate nodes to create straight steel lines that induced a warp into the fabric plane» The size of the structural bay is an equal division of the wall creating a compression of the warp as the building curves around the low ends.

06 DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT OF EAVES STRUCTURES» The development of the eaves form was a complicated process with a number of constraints that needed satisfying» Parametric techniques allowed the design constraints to be built into the definition» The low points required a horizontal plane for coordination of syphonic drains, and the high points were defined by the junction of the louvre head and steel truss lines

06 DETAILED DESIGN DEVELOPMENT THREADING THE NEEDLE» A plane for each structural bay needed to be set which combined to maintain the fluid eaves form» The structural constraints only allowed a zone of approx. 200mm through which these planes had to pass in all cases regardless of the pitch in each bay» The planes then needed to be averaged out in a manner that resolved the misalignment in the least visual area» The steel can then be detailed as a flat planar frame making fabrication much easier

07 CONSTRUCTION MODELLING AND SHOP DRAWING COORDINATION

07 CONSTRUCTION MODELLING AND SHOP DRAWING COORDINATION» A structure such as this takes thousands of steel shop drawings and with a complex geometry traditional set out checks in 2D would be extremely laborious.» Traditionally a BIM, when it gets to shop drawing stage has not been of high quality for that purpose and often contains large amounts of superfluous information

3.97 0 0 0 624 0.38 7.49 16 07 CONSTRUCTION MODELLING AND SHOP DRAWING COORDINATION» Using raw centre line geometry allows all parties to generate information for base information which has pinpoint accuracy 2.16 1000 43 38 ELD 1000 7 CF419 CF423 CS238 1150 1 BS18 1148 6» Minor adjustments can be made to suit steel detailing from this base source 80 80 CF437 CF428 CF428 CF428 CF427 CF404 CF404 CF438 CF407 BS38 CPBW CF416 CF421 Top View CF437 CF423 CS231 CF413 CF428 CF428 CF428 CS227 CS232 CF419 45 1000 CF427 1000 132 CF404 CF404 CF435 CF404 C 1 1143 160 645 650 5617 1485 1710 8812 5617 7102 8812 8912 9012 100 100 CF404 G 150 SLOT CPBW F 577 MK 95 1000 CUT 30 95 CUT CF428 CF413 A CS227 CS232 CS238 B CF419 CF404 CF404 C CF404 10 350 SLOT 110 110 CF435 CF438 BS38 79 69 1000 1267 SLOT BF30 A 18 BS18 254 255 1000 14.28 BS18 BF30 18 395 CF437 CF423 80 CF416 80 CF437 90 300 G B F CS231 A 2114 CF428 607 70 1447 70 2271 70 2416 70 1790 CF428 9221 (CHECK) B CF427 C CF404 CF407 CF421 287 539 691 598 530 530 530 530 620 600 600 600 618 435 435 435 234 1082 975 1250 BF3 BF23 BF24 625 DETAIL 1278 SLOT 1 16 BF21 BF22 577 30 1000 A 18 187 BS23 81 4.62 1000 BS23 SECT. A-A CF428 152A Front View 355.6 x 12.7 CHS (1 Required) 60 60 70 SECT A-A CF428 CS227 4.46 8 16 D CF419 39 D 287 607 677 826 1517 2124 2194 2645 3175 3705 4235 4465 4535 4855 5455 501 501 CS227 CS232 E CS227 CF419 CS238 CF419 SECT. E-E 150 150 SECT B-B 75 0.65 E CF427 CF427 FULL STRENGTH CONTINUOUS FILLET BUTT WELD SECT C-C CS232 60 60 70 1000 30 577 85 85 207 207 85 85 577 CS238 CF421 CS231 CF423 1000 30 TYP 14 CF419 SECT. D-D 6055 SECT. F-F 6655 80 80 6951 CF423 10 7021 7273 7708 80 80 10 SECT. G-G ALL MARKS TO BE PREFIXED BY "C-" EG. C-152A 8143 8578 8812 Total Area = 1 Total Mass of all parts = 123 36 75 x 50 x 8 UA 50 300+ CS238 1 273.1 x 6.4 CHS 389 350 CS232 1 273.1 x 6.4 CHS 401 350 CS231 1 355.6 x 12.7 CHS 645 350 CS227 1 355.6 x 12.7 CHS 8812 350 CF438 1 10 PL x 122 326 250 CF437 4 10 PL x 162 162 250 CF435 1 10 PL x 186 340 250 CF428 6 10 PL x 106 150 350 CF427 2 10 PL x 106 150 350 CF423 2 16 PL x 185 310 350 CF421 1 16 PL x 310 386 350 CF419 2 16 PL x 313 420 350 CF416 1 20 PL x 386 386 350 CF413 1 25 PL x 356 368 350 CF407 1 32 PL x 380 610 350 CF404 4 6 PL x 79 100 250 Item Qty Description Length Grade Remarks MATERIAL LIST

07 CONSTRUCTION MODELLING AND SHOP DRAWING COORDINATION» Structural model Bentley Prostructures» Full shop model reviews centred around detailing only as base geometry was controlled from base source saving considerable time and maintaining accuracy.

REVIT INTERGRATION Combining Steel models for coordination into Revit using updates to be represented in the base drawings

08 FINAL IMAGES

INTERIOR RENDER

FINAL IMAGES