IES LA ESCRIBANA Bilingüe 1º ESO Sección Lesson 9 Prehistory
IES LA ESCRIBANA 1º ESO Lesson 9: Prehistory PROCESS OF HOMINIZATION The evolution from primates into human beings was very slow and complex Hominization can only be explained by an endless sum of chance variations To understand evolution you must be conscious of changes in habitat: primates came down from trees and to look for food on the ground Below is a series of evolutionary changes 1 st step: vertical position and bipedalism (walking, running, hopping); the visual horizon gets bigger 2 nd step: brain development which causes the skull to get bigger 3 rd step: use of hands to make things and tools Hands are the perfect machine, which make us different from other animals 4 th step: reduction of jaw and tooth size ACTIVITY 1: Label the following pictures
EXPANSION OF HUMAN BEINGS ON THE EARTH Hominization began in Central Africa, in Rift Valley For the past two million years, human beings have occupied all continents, and they have developed in different ways ACTIVITY 2: Each step of evolution led to a different type of development in human beings (physical and mind changes) Each type has a different name, they are: Australopithecus (3500000), Homo Habilis (2300000), Homo Erectus (1900000),Homo Neardenthalensis (150000), Homo Sapiens Sapiens (120000)
Place these types of human beings in the correct moment of the chronological line: 4000000 100000 PALEOLITHIC PERIOD: HUNTING AND GATHERING The Paleolithic Age or Period is a prehistoric era distinguished by the development of the frist stone tools It extends from the introduction of stone tools by hominids 2,5 million years ago, to the introduction of agriculture The Paleolithic period is followed by the Mesolithic During the Paleolithic, humans grouped together in small societies such as bands and subsisted by gathering plants and hunting ACTIVITY 3: Write a proper definiton for the following concepts: Hunting Gathering ACTIVITY 4: Read the following definitions Fill in the blanks with the correct word 1 The longest period in human history (2000000-10000 AC): 2 Cold frozen big zones of the Earth during the hominization process: 3 Human beings gathered fruits, hunted and fished, as they did not produce their own food: 4 Human beings did not live in one place, because they had to move to look for food and shelter and run away from dangers: 5 Something which has always been in nature and Neardenthal man discovered the way to make it:
6 Fire was very important for human beings, because they could use it to frighten animals, heat themselves, give light and : 7 Human beings can make tools; this differenciates human beings from the rest of animalsthis demonstrates our intelligence The Paleolithic technique of making tools is called: 8 Stone and other organic materials were used as raw material to make tools: PALEOLITHIC ART Paleolithic humans produced works of art such as cave paintings, Venus figurines, animal carvings and rock paintings Paleolithic art can be divided into two categories: Figurative art such as cave paintings that clearly depicts animals (or more rarely humans) Nonfigurative, which consists of shapes and symbols The Venus of Willendorf Cave paintings ACTIVITY 5: Look for information about Paleolithic art, read the following sentences and tick True or False -Humans were able to manage different tools and materials to create art
-Humans developed an abstract, spiritual and magical thought -A UFO from space brought the images of paintings -Humans developed an aesthetic liking for beauty -Humans had more free time and began to get bored THE NEOLITHIC: FOOD PRODUCTION The Neolithic Age or Period, or New Stone Age, was a period in the development of human technology, starting with the rise of farming, which produced the Neolithic Revolution and ending when metal tools became widespread in the Copper Age The Neolithic is not a specific chronological period, but rather a series of behavioral and cultural characteristics, including the use of wild and domestic crops and the use of domesticated animals ACTIVITY 6: Look on the Internet for Prehistoric tool and draw some pictures of stone tools and metal stools used for farming during the Neolithic period ACTIVITY 7: Imagine your classroom is a cave Use some cardboards and draw some shades, symbols, animals, human beings hunting and gathering plants Then, decorate the classroom
GLOSSARY Primate: primate Homonization: homonización Evolutionary changes: cambios evolutivos Vertical position: posición vertical Bipedalism: bipedalismo Brain development: desarrollo del cerebro Skull: cráneo Stone tools: herramientas de piedra Metal tools: herramientas de metal Reduction of jaw: reducción de la mandíbula Tooth size: tamaño de los dientes Paleolithic Age/Period: Período Paleolítico Neolithic Age/Period: Período Neolítico Mesolithic Age/Period: Período Mesolítico Copper Age: Edad de Cobre Hominid: homínido Agriculture: agricultura Hunting: caza Gathering plants: recolección de plantas Cave paintings: pinturas en las cavernas Venus figurines: pequeñas figuras con forma de Venus Animal carving: tallaje de animales Behavioral and cultural characteristics: características culturales y de conducta Farming: labranza shades and symbols: formas y símbolos Crop: cosecha/cultivo