Textiles: any product made from fibers. Fibers: the raw materials in which fabric is made. They are long, thin and hair-like.
Yarn is made of.staple fibers: ( short fibers) Filaments: (long fibers) Twist in yarn Holds fibers or filaments together Increases yarn strength
Natural fibers come from plant or animal sources. 1. Cellulosic: plants (Date back to prehistoric times) Good Launder well, Absorbent, Resists insect damage Bad Burn easily, Stain, Mildew, Yellow, Wrinkle Sources: cotton, flax, jute, hemp, coconut, straw, bark, bamboo, algae 2. Protein: animals Good Burn slowly, Elasticity, Bad Shrink, Hard to clean Sources: sheep, goat, llama, rabbit, silkworm 3. Mineral: earth Good Burn resistant, Durability, Bad Irritating, Non-pliable Sources: glass, metal, basalt
Manufactured made from wood cellulose, oil products and chemicals. (Developed in the 20 th century) 1. Synthetic: man made Good Launder well, Mothproof, Resists insect damage, Holds shape Bad Static electricity, Heat sensitive, Non-absorbant Sources: chemicals How are manufactured fibers made? Chemical solutions are pushed through a spinnerets which extrudes liquid that solidified quickly into filaments that are twisted into manmade yarns
Blended fabrics: a combination of multiple types of fibers. Examples: cotton/polyester cotton/wool rayon/silk acrylic/cotton Blends enable fabrics to have the best characteristics of each fiber used.
Fabric Terms Weave: The interlacing of two sets of yarns at right angles Grain: The direction the threads run in a woven fabric Warp: The yarns that run in the lengthwise direction Weft: The filling yarns that run in the crosswise direction Nap: the layer of fiber ends that stand up from the surface of the fabric. Knit: The looping of yarns together Non-Woven: Joined fibers using adhesive, entanglement or heat fusion
Wool: Protein (Animal) sheep, goat, lama Dyes well, resilient, durable, absorbent Scratchy, susceptible to moths Some people are allergic to wool Dry clean or hand wash Carpet and rugs, upholstery, blankets, draperies Expensive
Natural fibers come from plant or animal sources. 1. Cellulosic: plants (Date back to prehistoric times) Good Launder well, Absorbent, Resists insect damage Bad Burn easily, Stain, Mildew, Yellow, Wrinkle Sources: cotton, flax, jute, hemp, coconut, straw, bark, bamboo, algae 2. Protein: animals Good Burn slowly, Elasticity, Bad Shrink, Hard to clean Sources: sheep, goat, llama, rabbit, silkworm 3. Mineral: earth Good Burn resistant, Durability, Bad Irritating, Non-pliable Sources: glass, metal, basalt
Silk: Protein (Animal) silk worm, moth cocoon Rich, dyes well, excellent drapability Decomposes in sun, moisture, soil Dry clean or hand wash Draperies, wall coverings, accessories and trims Expensive
Leather: Protein (Animal) animal skins that have been tanned Extremely durable Quality varies; susceptible to marks, holes, and tears Mild soap and water Upholstery, desk tops, some wall coverings Expensive
Jute: Cellulose (Plant) Hemp plant Dyes bright colors, strong when dry Will rot if kept damp, fades and is brittle Hand wash or dry clean Out door upholstery Inexpensive
Cotton: Cellulose (Plant) cotton bush Versatile, dyes and prints well, absorbent Wrinkles, fades and shrinks unless preshrunk Mildews if kept moist, rots in sunlight, doesn t wear well Washable and dry cleanable, although washing may remove finishes May require ironing Towels, bedspreads, curtains, rugs Moderate to high, depending on quality
Linen: Cellulose (Plant) flax Crisp, appealing natural texture, absorbent Dyes well and maintains good appearance Brittle, stiff, inflexible Sun fades, permanent creases Stains are difficult to remove Dry cleaning recommended Kitchen linens may be washed in hot water Ironing required Fine table linens, kitchen linens, upholstery, slipcovers, drapery, wall coverings, crafts, carpet backing Medium to moderately high depending on quality
Manufactured made from wood cellulose, oil products and chemicals. (Developed in the 20 th century) 1. Synthetic: man made Good Launder well, Mothproof, Resists insect damage, Holds shape Bad Static electricity, Heat sensitive, Non-absorbant Sources: chemicals How are manufactured fibers made? Chemical solutions are pushed through a spinnerets which extrudes liquid that solidified quickly into filaments that are twisted into manmade yarns
Rayon: regenerated cellulose Chemical chains Great drapability, wrinkles easily Will sun rot and mildew, shrinks if not treated Dry clean Blended with other fibers for draperies and upholstery Inexpensive to moderate
Acetate: regenerated cellulose Silk like Weakens with age, particularly in the sun Dry clean Bedspreads, draperies, linings, slipcovers, some upholstery Inexpensive to moderate
Acrylic: Thermoplastic Soft, warm, looks like wool Retains shape and color, resistant to wrinkles Non absorbent, susceptible to piling and static electricity, stretches out of shape Machine wash in warm water with mild detergent and dry on low setting Blankets, carpets, rugs, upholstery, some draperies Inexpensive to moderate
Nylon: Thermoplastic Strong, durable and versatile Scratchy and harsh, static, can sun rot Dry clean or launder, cleans well Carpet, curtains, upholstery, wall coverings Low to moderate
Olefin : Propylene/Ethylene Very strong, resistant to abrasion Shrinking, chemicals and oils will cause stains Machine wash, dry on low setting, do not iron Awnings, carpet, outdoor furniture, upholstery Very inexpensive
Polyester: Thermosetting plastic Very durable, retains color very well, resists wrinkles, retains shape Non absorbent, generates static, soils easily Machine wash in warm water Dry on low setting May be dry cleaned Bedspreads, blankets, carpeting, draperies, mattresses, sheets, tablecloths, upholstery Inexpensive