TDK RF Products Training Module for Mouser Jan, 2011
TDK RF Overview Introduction to TDK RF Components and their applications RF Product Marketing
A ttenuation A ttenuation A ttenuation What is a BPF/LPF/Diplexer/Coupler/? BPF 0-10 -20-30 -40-50 -60 Frequency band A device that passes frequencies within A certain range and rejects (attenuates) un-wanted signals. -70-80 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Frequency(M H z) S21 LPF 0-10 -20-30 -40-50 -60-70 -80 Frequency band 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Frequency(M H z) S21 A device that allows signals below a designated frequency to pass and rejects the un-desired upper frequency signals. Diplexer 0-10 -20-30 -40-50 -60-70 -80 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 Frequency(M H z) A device that Routes two different frequencies from a common port (example: One antenna port can route 2.4GHz and 5GHz signals) Coupler Coupler PA RF Product Marketing A device that is used to monitor a signal Without interrupting the signal. A device that converts between Balanced to Unbalanced electrical signals.
Gain[dB] What is a BPF? A Band Pass Filter allows a desired frequency range to pass through while attenuating (rejecting) unwanted frequencies. For example a desired Cellular or WLAN frequency can be allowed to pass while rejecting other unwanted radio frequencies. Operation Principal A BPF circuit consists of Inductors and capacitors built into Dielectric ceramic creating a resonance frequency. This resonance frequency provides attenuation at certain frequencies. Reference characteristics 0-10 -20-30 -40-50 -60-70 -80 Attenuation (Lowband) BPF Pass band Attenuation (Highband) 1 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.6 3 Frequency[GHz]
Gain(dB) Gain(dB) What is a LPF/HPF? A Low Pass Filter (LPF) allows signals below a pre-decided frequency to pass while rejecting signals above it. A High Pass Filter (HPF) is the opposite, it allow higher frequencies to pass while rejecting lower frequencies. Operation Principal A LPF/HPF consists of a circuit of Inductors (L) and capacitors (C) built into Dielectric ceramic. When the L and C s are connected in parallel, the resulting high impedance created rejects signals at the resonant frequency. When the L and C s are connected in serial, the resulting low impedance created allows signals to pass at the resonant frequency range. These combinations of inductors and capacitors create the HPF or LPF. 0-10 -20-30 -40-50 Pass band (Necessary signal) LPF Attenuation range (Unnecessary signal) -60 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Frequency(MHz) Reference characteristics 0-10 Attenuation range (Unnecessary signal) -20-30 -40-50 HPF Pass band (Necessary signal) -60 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 Frequency(MHz)
Gain[dB] Gain[dB] What is a Diplexer? Diplexers are 3-port filters that divide two frequencies from a common port. A Typical application is a diplexer for WLAN, this diplexer receives the WLAN signal from the antenna port and directs the signal to either the High band (5GHz) or the Low band (2.4GHz). Basic concept HPF (BPF) High Band Operation Principal COMMON (Antenna) LPF (BPF) Low Band A diplexer is a combination of a LPF or BPF at the low band and a HPF or BPF at the high band. RF Product Marketing Low band High band Reference characteristics 0-5 -10-15 -20-25 -30-35 Lowband (824-960MHz) -40-45 -50 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 Frequency[MHz] 0-5 -10-15 -20-25 -30-35 -40 Highband(1710-1990MHz) -45-50 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 Frequency[MHz]
What is a? A balun transformer converts an unbalanced signal into a balanced signal or a balanced signal into an unbalanced signal. A balun can also provide an impedance matching function. In a WLAN system a balun is used on the transmit signal path between the RF-IC (Balanced signal) and the Power Amplifier (Unbalanced signal). The balun performs as a balanced to unbalanced signal transformer and an Impedance matching transformer. Equivalent Circuit UNBALANCED INPUT Electric field maximum An induced current Magnetic coupling maximum Current maximum + An induced current BALANCED OUTPUT 4 Quarter Wave-length Resonators Electric field maximum RF Product Marketing - Operation Principal A balun circuit is created by coupling two pairs of λ/4 resonators each with a unique operating frequency wavelength. A balanced signal is produced by coupling resonators of equal size and its phase reversed 180 degrees. The impedance is adjusted by a combination of the pattern width and distance within the balun.
What is a Coupler? Also known as a Directional Coupler. This device is used to monitor information on a signal (Ex. Frequency, power level) without interrupting the main system power path. In a WLAN system a coupler is sometimes used to monitor the output signal and control the PA output. Equivalent Circuit IN C1 MONITOR strengthen Operation Principal L1 L2 L2 Main current M weaken OUT C2 LOAD Basically, a coupler function has a combination of two inductor and capacitors existing in near proximity that the power is coupled from one signal line to another. (50ohm) The example of practical use (Pick up a part of PA) MONITOR OUT Directional Coupler Detection, AGC Circuit LOAD IN Tx (50ohm) (Feedback to PA) PA
What is an antenna? An Antenna is a component used for receiving or transmitting Electromagnetic waves. An antenna converts an electrical current into an electron-magnetic wave or vice versa. An antenna radiates an electromagnetic field (wave) in response to applying a voltage and current. Each wavelength has a specific frequency and wavelength (the length of an electric wave). The wavelength is inverse proportion to the value of frequency. The size of an antenna is based on this wavelength. Usually an antenna is a ½ or ¼ wavelength. Antenna Radiation Patterns
RF Components for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) What is 802.11a/b/g/n Protocol Release Date Op. Freq. Data Rate Range (Indoor) Range (Outdoor) *include one wall 802.11a 1999 5GHz 54Mbit/s - 35 meters - 120 meters 802.11b 1999 2.4GHz 11Mbit/s -38 meters -140 meters 802.11g 2003 2.4GHz 54Mbit/s -38 meters -140 meters 802.11n 2009 2.4GHz 5GHz 248Mbit/s -70 meters -250 meters 802.11a/b/g/n refer to the WLAN standards created by the IEEE (Institue of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.). These WLAN standards are used to create interoperable WLAN products. The original WLAN products were 802.11b followed by 802.11a. The most popular WLAN products today are 802.11g which use the same frequency (2.4GHz) and are backward compatible to 802.11b products. 802.11n is the next proposed standard. This uses a Multiple Input/Multiple Output (MIMO) technology. 802.11n products can work in either 2.4GHz or 5GHz TDK has components for use in 2.4GHz and 5GHz WLAN systems
RF Components for WLAN Block Diagram (IEEE802.11a/b/g Dual Band) Example 2.4GHz LNA Balanced BPF BPF ANT for WLAN ANT ANT Rx Path SW Diplexer 5 GHz 2.4GHz LNA PA Balanced BPF BPF Balanced BPF BPF RF IC Tx Path Diplexer Balanced BPF 5 GHz PA BPF
TDK RF Components for Bluetooth Bluetooth Block diagram Example 1 Balanced impedance can be optimized to match the Bluetooth IC ANT BPF ANT SW TX Transceiver IC RX BASE BAND IC Example 2 ANT Balanced impedance can be optimized to match the Bluetooth IC Balanced BPF BPF Switch Transceiver Base band
TDK RF Components for WiMAX WiMAX Block diagram (Dualband) Example 3.5G Rx Rx BPF LNA Diplexer Receive 2.5G Rx Rx BPF LNA Balanced BPF RF-IC 3.5G Tx Tx BPF PA Tx BPF Diplexer Transmit 2.5G Tx Tx BPF PA Tx BPF RF Product Marketing Balanced BPF
TDK RF Components for UWB UWB Block diagram Example 1 Example 2 Crystal Crystal A/D A/D T / R Filter Filter T / R Transceiver Baseband Transceiver Baseband D/A T / R Filter D/A Caps and Inductors Caps and Inductors
TDK RF Components RF Product Marketing
TDK RF Overview Why is TDK manufacturing RF components? TDK has been instrumental in the development of RF technologies for over 15 years. TDK RF components use the same Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) technology used in our ceramic capacitors and inductors. TDK RF components are designed to meet critical realworld applications from leading RF IC manufacturers.
Why Use TDK Components? Miniature Size As Wireless systems continue to be used in more and more applications, the need for smaller RF components increases. TDK s continuous materials development allows us to design smaller RF components without sacrificing performance and quality. TDK RF components are developed for specific IC s & applications TDK works with Industry leading RF IC manufacturers to create RF components for use in WLAN, WiMAX, Bluetooth and UWB systems.
Global Presence : World-Wide Technical Support TDK R&D Corporation Phoenix, USA TDK Corporation Tokyo, Japan TDK Maintains RF Design centers in Japan, Ireland and the US. These design centers are located close to our customers and partners to provide direct and close communications. TDK Electronics Ireland Dublin, Ireland RF Product Marketing TDK RF Solutions Austin, USA
Summary TDK RF Components are designed for use in various wireless technologies. TDK products provide the performance, size and cost targets to meet your RF product requirements. For more information please contact: Contacts TDK Website Links http://www.tdk.co.jp/tefe02/rf_network.htm Links to Mouser s TDK Parts List