GRID RELIABILITY MONITORING Using Smart Grids WASS TM - A SynchroPhasor Technology based Real Time Wide Area Situational Awareness Software for Monitoring, Detection and Diagnosis of Power System Issues Abhijeet Agarwal 1 st May 2012 New Delhi
What is a SMART GRID? A smart grid is a digitally enabled electrical grid that gathers, analyses, and acts on information about the behaviour of all participants (suppliers and consumers) in order to improve the efficiency, importance, reliability, economics, and sustainability of electricity services. Source Wikipedia 2
How can the Grid be made SMART? Elements of Smart Grid are: 1) Smart Meters (Meters, AMI) 2) Integrated Communications 3) Sensing & Measurement (Dynamic Line Rating, Digital Protective Relays) 4) 5) Phasor Measurement Units & Related Software SynchroPhasor Technology 3
Supreme & Co Power Transmission & Distribution Systems Manufacturer for the past 4 decades Businesses: Power Transmission & Distribution Systems up to 1200kV EPC/Turnkey providers for installation of OPGW & ADSS on electrical T&D lines Supreme Gridtech Pvt Ltd Smart Grid solutions such as PV monitoring, AMI First company to design, develop and deliver transmission hardware for 1200kV system to Power Grid India ISO 14001:2004 & ISO 9001:2008 certified 4
Supreme GridTech Smart Grid Product / Services Portfolio: Solar PV Monitoring System Solar Power Plants, Roof Top Installations, Mobile Towers, Solar Water Pumps Automatic Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Smart Street Lighting Systems GIS Mapping Energy Audit Industrial Automation (SCADA) 5
JSH Power Established August 2011 Founder & CEO: Abhijeet Agarwal, B.Sc. Electrical Eng., Cornell USA 5 years of work experience in the field of SynchroPhasors Product Manager for Phasor Applications, Electric Power Group, USA Voltage stability analysis, Oscillations monitoring, Disturbance analysis Active Involvement: NASPI, USA DOE IEEE Publications: Real Time Dynamics Monitoring System For Use with SynchroPhasor Technology in Power Systems Monitoring Voltage Stability with Real-Time Dynamics Monitoring System Supreme & Co. / JSH Power alliance - Wide Area SynchroPhasor System (WASS TM ) 6
Overview SYNCHROPHASOR TECHNOLOGY 7
WHAT is SynchroPhasor Technology? PMUs connected to CT / PT provide information on: Voltage Phasor Current Phasor Frequency Attributes of Phasor Measurements: Measured power system states (Voltage & Angle) and not estimates Dynamic system conditions via High Resolution Data (25 120 samples/sec) Ability to compare regions due to Real Time Synchronized data Due to high resolution and time synchronization associated with PMUs, various other useful metrics can be calculated and monitored, e.g.: % damping (inter-area and local area oscillations) Measured Sensitivities, e.g. V/ P, / P Angular Separation SynchroPhasor Technology is not a replacement of SCADA / State Estimator 8
LAN SynchroPhasor Network Data Flow PMU PMU Communication Link PMU PDC Communication Link PDC PDC Control Center Network LAN Real Time Data Feed Sub-Regional PDC Regional PDC WASS TM Platform WASS TM Visualization Application PMU Contents - Metadata - Raw Data - Calculated Data - Event Files WASS TM Database The WASS TM System 9
NEED for SynchroPhasor Technology? SynchroPhasor Technology has been widely accepted by the industry and is a proven concept. However, it is important to understand the true need for this technology. There are several questions and concerns that this technology addresses, such as: How do we know what is going on in our neighboring grid where my SCADA cannot monitor? Was there an Event? When, where, what kind, after-effects? Is my system really stressed? What are my real-time margins? Are there unstable oscillatory modes in my system? What issues will arise when the percentage of Renewable Energy, an intermittent source of power, will increase to 30-40%? 10
Lessons Learnt from Major Blackouts Lack of Wide Area View Lack of Situational Awareness Health of the grid System models inaccurate and inadequate Lack of time synchronized and high resolution data Could not easily and quickly determine the cause of the disturbance 11
Case Examples & Advantages SYNCHROPHASOR TECHNOLOGY 12
Observability SCADA Vs. PMUs SCADA Observability (4 sam/sec) PMU Observability (25 sam/sec) Zoom-in MRI of the Power System (as opposed to an x-ray result) 13
Issue with System Models WECC 1996 Breakup 14
August 14, 2003 Blackout in USA Angular Separation Prior to Event Cleveland Separation Phase Angles Diverged Prior To Blackout Note: Angles are based on data from blackout investigation. Angle reference is Browns Ferry. 15
Detailed Frequency Behaviour A generator loss is like dropping a stone in the pond. A disturbance causes traveling transient (oscillation). Measurements taken closest to the event observe it first. Can triangulate with PMUs and determine the location. over 2 minutes. ~10 seconds Generator Trip (750 MW) Line Trip (carrying 1200 MW) 16
Secondary Oscillation in ERCOT (USA) Event indicated secondary oscillations (2Hz) during the dip such dip was not observable through SCADA 17
Use Cases & Applications SYNCHROPHASOR TECHNOLOGY 18
Phasor Technology: Key for the Grid Phasor based system alarm occurs the operator takes action as a result of the alarm A system breakup (islanding) occurs - the operator takes action to restore the area using phasor data Post mortem analysis engineer uses phasor data for post event analysis Modal validation engineer uses phasor data to validate system models Special Protection Schemes (SPS) identify controls that can respond to specific local or wide area grid problems Optimize transmission capacity of the Future Smart Control Applications under-damped / sustained oscillations 19
Large Frequency Oscillations Detected in WECC Frequency at multiple PMUs Oscillations, due to transformer fault at a DC Terminal, went undetected by SCADA was 20 diagnosed by Phasor System at CAISO
Phasor Technology Future Use Cases Self healing system Online vulnerability analysis of distance relays CT/ PT on-line parameter validation Network parameter validation Linear state estimation Assessment & control of frequency instability Transient stability model validation Gap between current usage scenario and expected usage of this technology Just like any thing else, this technology will evolve with its usage and R&D 21
Accomplishments so far SYNCHROPHASOR TECHNOLOGY 22
Interfaces Data Exchange Communication The WASS TM System 0100111010 0101 00 999 20491101110 010 0100111010 0101 00 999 20491101110 010 Data Quality Analytics Validation Alarm Processing Computation Web Services Archiving 0100111010 0101 00 999 20491101110 010 Event Detection Parsing Data Filters Format Translation ICCP DATA SOURCE - (PDC) IEEE C37-118 - Voltage Phasor - Current Phasor - Frequency - Metadata WASS TM PLATFORM - Calculation Engine - Intelligence - Storage (DB, Events) WASS TM VISUALS - Central Dashboard - Geographical, Trends - Tabular Data - Visual Alarms 23
REAL TIME WIDE AREA SITUATIONAL AWARENESS DASHBOARD What Just Happened? Where It Happened? Give Me Details Ability to go Back in Time
EVENT DIAGNOSIS with Frequency Display Type of Event Details of Event Location /Timing of Event
Phasor Technology Road Ahead Technology ready for deployment and in use at several control centers across the world Operators use it for Real Time Wide Area Situational Awareness System are tailor-made for local area system and user requirements Future activities for better adoption/integration of this technology: Baselining making alarms more meaningful (good vs. bad) Training have training session to explain the use & value of this technology Operating procedures develop rule book for operator actions Automate control actions Work with local operators to tailor make the application as per user requirements 26
Thank You. Abhijeet Agarwal abhi338@gmail.com +91 98302 80888 27