Ian Mulhall B.Eng. M.I.E.T. Technical Director. LED s November PDF Free Download

Ian Mulhall B.Eng. M.I.E.T. Technical Director LED s November 2012

Agenda 1. Introduction to LED s A brief history of LED s, a reminder of what an Led is, connection philosophies and system failures. 2. LED Development Where LED s are going adoption in the market and what Thorlux are doing. 3. LED Principles A look at some key factors which must be considered when specifying LED s such as thermal management, LED binning, colour performance, photometry and LED life time. 4. Some examples of LED use

A little bit of history 1901 Fluorescent Tube 1919 Sodium Vapor Lamp 1970s First Red LED ~1990 High Brightness Red, Orange, Yellow, & Green LEDs Monochrome signs 1995 High Brightness Blue, Green LEDs 2000 White LED Lamp demonstrates Incandescent Efficacy (17 lm/w) 2005 White LED Lamp demonstrates Fluorescent Efficacy (70 lm/w) Calculators and Indicators Full Color Signs Solid State Lighting

A quick reminder about LED s LEDs pass current and produce light but their current must be limited (like a discharge lamp)

A quick reminder about LED s A driver is therefore required, it could be called a transformer, LED ballast, power pack etc.

A quick reminder about LED s Two choices:

A quick reminder about LED s In the olden days LEDs were operated at 15mA (0.015A) Since the year 2000 Power LEDs have been increasingly used. Drive currents are now typically: - 65mA, 100mA 350mA, 500mA, 700mA, 1000mA (1A) etc. - Forward voltage normally approx. 3V - Power = volts x current = 350mA x 3V = ~1W - Simple!

LEDs and LEDs 5mm LED SMD Low Power LED SMD Medium Power LED 5mm Low Power LED Typical current (25mA) Low lumen outputs Various RGB colours available Various beam angles Usually poor colour performance Surface Mounted (SMD) LED Typical current (25-75mA) Low lumen outputs (5-20lm) Various colour temps available Various beam angles Good colour performance Surface Mounted (SMD) LED Typical current (75-150mA) High lumen outputs (20-35lm) Various colour temps available Various beam angles Good colour performance Use:- Status indicators Sign lighting Dashboard instruments Head torches Use:- Status indicators Automotive lighting Dashboard instruments Head torches TV backlights Use:- Professional light fittings Automotive lighting

LEDs and LEDs High Power LED LED Modules Power LED Typical current (350-1000mA) High lumen outputs (50-300lm) Various colour temps available Various beam angles Best colour performance LED Modules Typical current (350-1000mA) High lumen outputs (up to 3000lm) Various colour temps available Best colour performance Use:- Professional light fittings Automotive lighting Use:- Professional light fittings

System failures LED s Using a PLED it is possible to protect against single LED failures

What happens if an LED fails, how do I replace it? Sorry sir, they cannot be replaced

System failures LED s Thorlux policy is sensible if LEDs fail: - Basic gimbal - replace the whole unit - General lighting luminaire - replaceable boards - General lighting - each LED with LED protection For sure - LEDs do fail and they will not last forever - SYSTEM reliability

System failures LED s Lenses going brown Driver electronics Plug and socket failure Cable insulation failure Solder joints - up to 2000 joints in a 600 x 600mm and... LED chip failure or degradation

Agenda 2. LED Development Where are LED s going adoption in the market and what Thorlux are doing.

Potential business shift

LED s are improving

Devil in the detail Three core types of LED solution: - White Power LED with lens Folio / G4 / Tunnel - Royal blue LED with remote Phosphor - G2 / G3/ XL20 - NEW Medium Power LED - Dot / 600 x 600mm Zhaga or bespoke?

Latest Thorlux products

Agenda 3. LED Principles A look at some key factors which must be considered when specifying LED s such as thermal management, LED binning, colour performance, photometry and LED life time.

Thermal Management CONVECTION

Thermal management + light output + lifetime - temperature

Thermal management

Thermal Management *Data for Cree XR-E White High Power LED

Lifetime LAMPS we all know Failures Lumen Maintenance

LIGHT OUTPUT LED Life Time 100% 90% 70% L70/B10 50% 10% 0% 5k HRS 30k HRS 50k HRS L10/B10 TIME

Lifetime LEDs L70 B10 L is the percentage light output @ the rated life of the LED luminaire L70 would mean the LED s produce 70% of day one light output @ rated life So 50,000hrs L70 means @ 50,000hrs there would be a 30% reduction in light output B is the certainty of the above quote. B10 would mean 10% might not achieve 70% output, or might have failed

Colour performance Grade: Excellent CRI 100 Applications: Print Production Good 80 General Environments Moderate 60 40 Exterior Lighting Poor 20

Colour performance CRI 100 80 BSEN12464-1 60 40 20

LED binning Colour Temp Colour Rendering Lumen Output Vf BIN C BIN A BIN B

LED Binning Black Body Locus

LED photometry How do we compare products? 32W TC-T 32W LED

LED photometry 66% LOR 100% LOR

LED photometry Making comparisons 32W TC-T 32W LED Lamp Lumens 2400lm Light Output Ratio 66% Circuit Wattage 35W Lamp Lumens No lamp! Light Output Ratio 100% Circuit Wattage 35W Luminaire Lumens? Luminaire Lumens 2100lm

LED photometry Making comparisons 32W TC-T Lamp Lumens 2400lm Light Output Ratio 66% 2400 x 0.66 = 1584 Luminaire Lumens Circuit Wattage 35W

LED photometry design lumens light output lumen output chip lumens light power LED output source flux

LED Photometry Lumen Output Optical losses Thermal losses Driver/Control gear losses 50% less

Agenda 4. Some examples of LED use

LED s - where are we and where are we going? Architectural Lighting Emergency Lighting Signage Lighting Refrigeration Lighting Exterior Lighting Stair/Corridor Lighting

LED s - where are we and where are we going? Exterior Lighting

LED s - where are we and where are we going? Exterior Lighting Car Park Luminaire Qty Circuit Wattage Total Circuit Watts (kw) Annual Power Consumption (kw) Running Cost per annum Total Luminaire Cost 25 Year Life Cycle Cost 70W MBI 24 86 2.064 9040.32 1,084.84 3,120.00 30,240.96 40W LED 24 40 0.96 4204.80 504.58 8,400.00 21,014.40 Saving 9,226.56

LED s - where are we and where are we going? Stair/Corridor Lighting

LED s - where are we and where are we going? Circular Down Lighting Corridors Luminaire Qty Circuit Wattage Total Circuit Watts (kw) Annual Power Consumption (kw) Running Cost per annum Total Luminaire Cost Maintenance Costs 15 Year Life Cycle Cost 38W 2D 50 41 2.05 5,125 512.50 4,000.00 2,550.00 14,237.50 19W LED 50 23 1.15 2,875 287.50 6,500.00 0 10,812.50 Saving 3,425.00

LED s - where are we and where are we going? Office Lighting

LED s - where are we and where are we going? Office Lighting Luminaire Qty Circuit Wattage Total Circuit Watts (kw) Annual Power Consumption (kw) Running Cost per annum Total Luminaire Cost Maintenance Costs 15 Year Life Cycle Cost 4x14W T5 100 62 6.2 15,500 1,550.00 10,000.00 1600.00 34,850.00 45W LED 100 45 4.5 11,250 1,125.00 25,000.00 0.00 41,875.00 No Saving!

LED s - where are we and where are we going? Mid Range Audi A4 Top of the Range Audi A8

And finally Questions?

Ian Mulhall B.Eng. M.I.E.T. Technical Director. LED s November 2012