TABLE OF CONTENTS. Sample file. Projects 25 Worksheets & Quizzes 28 Coloring Pages 32 Mazes 48 Links 52 Answer Keys 56

Transcription

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Simple Machines 3 Inclined Plane 5 Lever 8 Pulley 10 Wedge 12 Wheel & Axle 14 Gear 15 Compound Machines 17 Handwriting/Spelling Practice 18 Print 18 Manuscript/D'Nealian-style 20 Cursive 22 Report/Stationery 24 Projects 25 Worksheets & Quizzes 28 Coloring Pages 32 Mazes 48 Links 52 Answer Keys 56 TheTeachersDesk.info Page 2 of 59 Simple Machines 1-5

2 SIMPLE MACHINES Vocabulary to learn: machine: something that helps people do work simple machine: a machine with few or no moving parts force: an action that changes the motion of something work: when a force is used to move something Simple machines are tools that help us do work. Simple machines have few or no moving parts. lever wheel & axle inclined plane pulley wedge screw People use many tools to help them with their work. You could not drive a nail into a piece of wood using only your hand, so you would use a hammer. A hammer is a tool. All the tools below are kinds of machines. There are many different kinds of machines. hammer saw screwdriver pliers TheTeachersDesk.info Page 3 of 59 Simple Machines 1-5

3 Some machines have many moving parts. Other machines have few or no moving parts; we call them simple machines. Which picture shows a simple machine? There are three characteristics of a simple machine. A simple machine can do three things: 1. change the amount of work moving a load in a wheelbarrow is much easier than carrying the load. (lever, wheel & axle) 2. change the speed shoveling sand, dirt or snow is much faster than digging with your hands (wedge) 3. change the direction of the force when you pull the rope of a flagpole down, the flag goes up (pulley) Using the example of raising a flag on a flagpole, the use of a pulley changes the amount of work because climbing the flagpole to bring it down would take more work. Using a pulley changes the speed by making it faster to bring the flag down. Pulling on the rope of the pulley also changes the direction of the force. TheTeachersDesk.info Page 4 of 59 Simple Machines 1-5

4 INCLINED PLANE Vocabulary to learn: inclined plane: a slanted surface that makes it easier to move an object to a higher or lower place Examples of the inclined plane: Where are the inclined planes in each picture? An inclined plane is a simple machine that does not move and makes it easier to move a heavy object to a higher or lower position. It takes less force to lift or lower an object using an inclined plane. Some inclined planes are very steep, others are not. It takes more force to move up a steep inclined plane. You probably know that walking, running, or riding a bike up a steep hill is much harder than going up a hill with a small slope. Using an inclined plane requires less effort over a longer distance. TheTeachersDesk.info Page 5 of 59 Simple Machines 1-5

5 effort needed with inclined plane: effort needed without inclined plane: 10 kg 25 kg Force and load move in the same direction in all inclined planes. Inclined planes are used for cars and trucks, people, even toys. Can you think of an everyday word we use instead of inclined plane? A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder. TheTeachersDesk.info Page 6 of 59 Simple Machines 1-5

6 EXPERIMENT: HOW AN INCLINED PLANE MAKES WORK EASIER Materials: about 6 books spring scale small object string short board long board 1. Place the books in a pile. 2. Attach a string to a small object and the hook on the spring scale. 3. Using the spring scale, life the object to the top of the pile of books. Read the scale and record the amount of force (weight) in the chart below. 4. Use a short board to make a ramp to the books. Use the scale to pull the object up to the top of the ramp. Read the scale and record the amount of force used to pull the object. 5. Now use the long board to make a ramp. Use the scale to pull the object up the ramp, read the scale and record the force in the chart. lifting Moving the Object pulling up on the short ramp Amount of Force pulling up on the long ramp 1. When was the most force needed to move the object? 2. When was the least force needed to move the object? TheTeachersDesk.info Page 7 of 59 Simple Machines 1-5