GET MOVING A LEGOLAND Florida Resort Educational Resource Guide Grades 2-5

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1 GET MOVING A LEGOLAND Florida Resort Educational Resource Guide Grades 2-5 Table of Contents Welcome Page 1 Background Information Page 2 LEGOLAND Investigations: Hands-On Investigations Page 3 Discovery Worksheet Page 4 Before and After Visit: Minds-On Investigations Page 5 About Get Moving: Objectives and Standards Page 6-7 Welcome to LEGOLAND Florida Resort! Education Programs: Get Moving was developed by the LEGOLAND Education Department. For information on LEGOLAND Education programs, visit Directions: LEGOLAND Florida Resort is located in Winter Haven, just 45 minutes south of the Orlando theme parks. From Orlando take 1-4 west to exit 55 (U.S. Hwy 27 South). Turn right off U.S. Highway 27 at State Road 540/Cypress Gardens Boulevard. Park is 4 miles on the left. Just 45 minutes from downtown Tampa. From Tampa take 1-4 EAST to Exit 27 (Polk County Parkway). Exit Winter Haven (2nd Toll Booth) at S.R. 540 and follow eight miles to Hwy 17 North. Take Hwy 17 North two miles over the bridge to first light and turn right. Follow the signs to LEGOLAND Florida Resort. Arrival and Entry: Please arrive 30 minutes before your program. Teachers must be present during the 45-minute instructional program. Please report to the Imagination Zone Area 10 minutes prior to your program. Teachers must be present during the 45- minute program. Lunches: School groups may bring lunches in disposable containers or may bring coolers that may be stored at the Imagination Pavilion located near the Imagination Zone beside the Pirate Ski Stadium. Safety: LEGOLAND Parks are built to the highest standards of quality and safety. Height restrictions apply on selected attractions throughout the park. Get Moving Resource Guide 1

2 Hands on Investigations: The hands on activity which is located in the Imagination Zone of the park, is available on a first come, first serve basis. It is not guaranteed unless you reserve an instructional class. Self-guided programs are not guaranteed these activities. Please ask a model citizen in the Imagination Zone if this activity is available. Background Information What is Force? Force is any push or pull. Force is needed to provide motion, change direction or speed, and to stop. Forces cause objects to move. Gravity constantly pulls all things toward the center of the earth. TECHNIC Coaster is gravity-powered. Inertia makes an object resist a change of motion. When the TECHNIC Coaster speeds up, riders feel pinned to the back of the car. Inertia makes it a fun ride! Riders also experience inertia when the car stops and they feel pushed forward against the lap bar. Inertia makes your body want to continue moving as it had been moving. When inertia is at work, an object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion. Centrifugal Force pulls objects away from the center of motion. AQUAZONE riders hang on as centrifugal force pulls them to the side of the car, away from the center of the ride. Wind resistance pushes the riders hair backwards. Riders on many different rides can feel wind resistance. Cars that are low and sleek face less wind resistance. What forces act on a car going down a slope? Friction is the amount of surface contact between a car and the slope: Less friction, faster car. Friction can cause heat when two surfaces come in contact and rub together. How do we reduce friction to make a car go faster? Change the slope s surface. The smoother the surface, the faster the car. Change the slope s angle. The steeper the slope, the faster the car. Change the tires. Usually the car will go faster with narrow and smooth tires. Weight can also make a car go faster or slower. In theory, a heavy and lightweight object released at the same time from the same point on a ramp should reach the bottom at the same time. In reality, a light object often travels faster, but not as far. A heavy object often travels slower, but farther. This is due to different amounts of friction in the wheels and axles. Get Moving Resource Guide 2

3 Hands-On Investigations Get Moving in the Imagination Zone! Plan Your Design Think about forces that would make your car go faster or slower. What design might make the fastest car? Build and Test! Work in pairs to build a fast car. Test your car on the Build & Test speed ramps. Redesign and test your vehicles until you are ready to race. Race on the Build & Test! Race the cars on the speed ramp in heats until all cars have raced. Which car went the fastest? Look at the design of the car. Why do you think it was the fastest? Get Moving Resource Guide 3

4 Discovery Worksheet How do forces act on these rides? Think about inertia, centrifugal force, gravity, friction, and wind resistance. Kid Power Towers Riders pull the cable to go up, then slowly come down when they let go of the cable. What force helps riders go down? What force makes your hands feel hot as they rub against the cable? TECHNIC Coaster speeds up suddenly. Which force makes riders feel pinned back, as if they haven t started moving? AQUAZONE riders feel air pushing against them. Which force is at work? Get Moving Resource Guide 4

5 Before and After the Visit: Minds-On Investigations See the changes when different forces are at work. Change only one factor at a time to see how the car s performance changes under different conditions. Use the same car for each trial. Trial #1 Release a car from the top of the ramp. Record the distance traveled from the bottom of the ramp. Trial #2 Put a carpet runner on top of the ramp. This will increase friction. Now release a car from the top of the ramp. Did the car travel slower or faster? Did it go farther or not as far? Trial #3 Take the runner off the ramp. Tape a weight to the car. Release it from the top of the ramp. Did it affect the car s performance? Trial #4 Take the weight off the car. Add books to the ramp to make it steeper. Release a car from the top of the ramp. Did the car go faster or farther? Now take books off the ramp to make it less steep. How does the car perform? Get Moving Resource Guide 5

6 About Get Moving! Educational Objectives Learn about forces, such as gravity, friction, and inertia. Build a vehicle. Explore how forces cause movement and change of speed. Relate Hands-On Investigations to the experience of LEGOLAND attractions. Florida State Standards FCAT 2.0 Science Test Item Specifications GRADE TWO SC.2.N.1.1 Raise questions about the natural world, investigate them in teams through free exploration systematic observations, and generate appropriate explanations based on those explorations. SC.2.N.1.2 Compare the observations made by different groups using the same tools. SC.2.N.1.3 Ask how do you know? in appropriate situations and attempt reasonable answers when asked the same question by others. SC.2.N.1.4 Explain how particular scientific investigations should yield similar conclusions when repeated. SC.2.N.1.5 Distinguish between empirical observation (what you see, hear, feel, smell, or taste) and ideas or inferences (what you think). SC.2.N.1.6 Explain how scientists alone or in groups are always investigating new ways to solve problems. Big Idea 13: Forces and Changes in Motion SC.2.P.13.1 Investigate the effect of applying various pushes and pulls on different objects. SC.2.P.13.3 Recognize that objects are pulled toward the ground unless something holds them up. SC.2.P.13.4 Demonstrate that the greater the force (push or pull) applied to an object, the greater the change in motion of the object. GRADE THREE SC.3.N.1.1 Raise questions about the natural world, investigate them individually and in teams through free exploration and systematic investigations, and generate appropriate explanations based on those explorations. SC.3.N.1.2 Compare the observations made by different groups using the same tools and seek reasons to explain the differences across groups. SC.3.N.1.4 Recognize the importance of communication among scientists. SC.3.N.1.5 Distinguish between empirical observation (what you see, hear, feel, smell, or taste) and ideas or inferences (what you think) SC.3.N.1.6 Infer based on observation. SC.3.N.1.7 Explain that empirical evidence is information, such as observations or measurements, that are used to help validate explanations of natural phenomena. GRADE FOUR SC.4.N.1.1 Raise questions about the natural world, use appropriate reference materials that support Get Moving Resource Guide 6

7 SC.4.N.1.2 SC.4.N.1.3 SC.4.N.1.4 SC.4.N.1.5 SC.4.N.1.7 SC.4.N.1.8 understanding to obtain information (identifying the source), conduct both individual and team investigations through free exploration and systematic investigations, and generate appropriate explanations based on those explorations. Compare the observations made by different groups using multiple tools and seek reasons to explain the differences across groups. Explain that science does not always follow a rigidly defined method ( the scientific method ) but that science does involve the use of observations and empirical evidence. Attempt reasonable answers to scientific questions and cite evidence in support. Compare the methods and results of investigations done by other classmates. Recognize and explain that scientists base their explanations on evidence. Recognize that science involves creativity in designing experiments. Big Idea 3: The Role of Theories, Laws, Hypotheses, and Models SC.4.N.3.1 Explain that models can be three-dimensional, two-dimensional, an explanation in your mind, or a computer model. Big Idea 12: Motion of Objects SC.4.P.12.2 Investigate and describe that the speed of an object is determined by the distance it travels in a unit of time and that objects can move at different speeds. GRADE FIVE SC.5.N.1.1 Define a problem, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigations of various types such as systemic observations, experiments requiring the identification of variables, collecting and organizing data, interpreting data in charts, tables and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions. SC.5.N.1.2 Explain the difference between an experiment and other types of scientific investigations. SC.5.N.1.3 Recognize and explain the need for repeated experimental trials. SC.5.N.1.6 Recognize and explain the difference between personal opinion/interpretation and verified observation. Big Idea 2: The Characteristics of Scientific Knowledge SC.5.N.2.1 Recognize and explain that science is grounded in empirical observations that are testable; explanation must always be linked with evidence. SC.5.N.2.2 Recognize and explain that when scientific investigations are carried out, the evidence produced by those investigations should be replicable by others. Big Idea 13: Forces and Changes in Motion SC.5.P.13.1 Identify familiar forces that cause objects to move, such as pushes or pulls, including gravity acting on falling objects. SC.5.P.13.2 Investigate and describe that the greater the force applied to it, the greater the change in motion of a given object. SC.5.P.13.3 Investigate and describe that the more mass an object has, the less effect a given force will have on the object s motion. SC. 5.P.13.4 Investigate and explain that when a force is applied to an object but it does not move, it is because another opposing force is being applied so that the forces are balanced. Get Moving Resource Guide 7