Cardiff University. School of History, Archaeology and Religion. In the Beginning The Origins of Predynastic Religion. Gillian Margaret Woods

Transcription

1 Cardiff University School of History, Archaeology and Religion In the Beginning The Origins of Predynastic Religion Gillian Margaret Woods October 2015 Volume II: Appendix and References Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy

2 1 APPENDIX: BREAKDOWN OF BURIALS BY SITE ABBREVIATIONS State Of s: N Not Disturbed P Partly Disturbed Q Quite Disturbed Bodies: NB No Body NBM No Body Mentioned Sex: M Male?M -?Male F Female?F -?Female S-A Sub-Adult U Unknown sex Pottery: BB BR PR AB MS SB RB Black-topped Brown Polished Black-topped Polished Red Polished Red All Black Miscellaneous Smooth Brown Rough Brown Note: Head Direction: Underlining of head direction indicates the body lay on its right side rather than the left side, which is the more common. Any other position is commented upon. DATA SOURCES: Badari: Matmar: Brunton and Caton-Thompson 1928, pp. 3-18; plates V-IX Brunton 1948, pp. 7-9; plate III Mostagedda: Brunton 1937, pp. 5-7; 33-43; plates VII-X 1

3 2 Table 1a: Badari. (Animal Burials highlighted) State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir N S Mat. Canid burial N 1 SE U Subadult 1BR close to head Body wrapped in skins and covered over with matting; 2 Nerita shells, serrated 5145 N 1 S U Subadult ca N 1 S U Subadult 1BB;1RB bowl flint. Linen on the body and matting above and below it N 1 S M U Matting N 1 N F U 1SB bowl before legs Body covered in skins. Legs more contracted than usual N 1 S F U Pointed spherical with notches at pointed ends 1BB close to head Matting. More contracted than usual. One pot close to head N 1 S M U Like Predynastic Rough ware 5342 N 1 S M U 1BR bowl above head 5348 N 1 S M U 1BB bowl in front of face 5349 N 1 S M U Sherds RB at feet; 1BR bowl in filling 5350 N 1 S U Subadult 1BB bowl before face Body wrapped in skins with fur next to body. Wrapped in skins with fur outward. Matting under and over the body. Body covered with matting. Body covered with matting.

4 3 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir N 1 S M U 1SB bowl by hands Body covered with matting. Bone awl N 1 S M U Wrapped in skins with fur outward. Covered by matting N 1 S M U 1BR bowl by face Wrapped in skins and matting N 1 S U Subadult 1BR bowl above Much matting. hands 5355 N 1 S U Subadult 1RB bowl above hands 5356 N 1 S M U 1BB bowl above Wrapped in matting. hands 5357 N 1 S U Subadult 1BR bowl above Matting. matting 5358 N 1 N M U Wrapped in skins, matting covering; bone point N 1 N M U Wrapped in skins and matting. Pale green stone nose stud in right nostril N 1 E M U Tightly contracted. Wrapped in skins and matting N 1 N M U Wrapped in tanned skins and matting N 1 S M U 1 SB flask at hands Matting. with basket-work lid 5363 N 1 S U Subadult 1 RB bowl before Matting. the face 5364 N 1 S U Subadult 1BB and 1BR both bowls: Register Matting; shell beads plus pierced Oliva, Natica, Conus, Cerithium, Nerita and Ancillaria shells N 1 S U Subadult 1RB above head; Matting. saucer before face 5366 N 1 S M U Matting N 1 S M U 1RB bowl at left elbow and by right hand Matting.

5 4 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir N 1 S M U 1RB bowl: Register Matting N 1 S M U 1RB bowl close to Matting and skins. hands 5370 N 1 S M U Matting, skins N 1 W U Subadult ca. 4years Sherds?Type Wrapped in matting. Calf s? rib, knuckle bone, scrap of a jaw. Pieces of dung fuel; stone rubber, 8 small stones with traces of burning N 1 S M U 1BR bowl before Matting and skins. face 5374 N 1 S M U 2BR: 1 saucer like bowl, and one bowl shaped over hand Body wrapped in rush?matting and skins. Scraps of resin; Conus shells; pierced pebble and pierced branched coral N 1 N M U Body wrapped in skins and matting; no objects N 1 S?M U Evidence of matting; no objects N 1 E M U Body wrapped in skins; no objects N 1 S M U 1SB bowl at knees Body wrapped in skins N 1 SE?M U Mat and skins N 1 S U Subadult ca. 3 yrs 1SB bowl before face Matting N 1 S M U 1BR bowl at hands Matting N 1 S M U Matting N 1 S M U Matting and skins N 1 S M U 1BB bowl at hands Matting N 1 S M U Matting; two flints; adze and chipped nodule N 1 S M U 1BB bowl in front of arms Body not contracted but knees sharply bent. Matting.

6 5 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir N 1 S?F U 1BB bowl behind the head Body wrapped in skins and mattings. 2 bone combs, solid piece of hippopotamus tusk; four flint flakes, 2 ivory vases; 1 Nerita shell; calcite and ivory beads; bone needle; dark red pebble N 1 S?F U 1BB bowl at hands Matting N 1 S F U No sign of matting N 1 S F U 1 bowl at hands Matting.?type. Not in Register 5405 N 1 N F U 1BR before face; Body wrapped in skins and matting. 1RB 5412 N 1 N?F U 1BB bowl without polish or slip at hands 5413 N 1 S U Subadult/ Infant 1BB bowl at hands Body wrapped in matting; Around neck on original string beads: steatite or turquoise carnelian, 1 shell and 1 copper N 1 N?F U 1RB behind pelvis Matting and skins N 1 S F U 1SB vessel at hands Matting. before face 5434 N S Like Undisturbed burial of bovine. Species cannot be identified. One large horn-core pointing downwards. Matting N 1 W F U Matting N 1 S M U 5440 N 1 SE M U 5441 N 1 SE F U Cloth under arms and head. Body wrapped in matting N 1 S F U 5445 N 1 S F U 1AB bowl at hands Body wrapped in matting.

7 6 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir N 1 S?F Subadult 1BR bowl before face Plus sherds of another Remains of reeds and sticks forming a rectangle just smaller than the grave: hamper or support for sides of grave. Oliva shells in waist area. Register mentions flowers N 1 SE M U Tightly contracted body wrapped in skins with fur remaining and then in reed matting N 1 W M U Remains of 1BR pot behind head N 1 U Subadult 5705 N 1 N M U Red 1BR pot close to ochre head 5706 N 1 S U Subadult 1BR pot 5708 N 1 SE U Subadult ca. 2yrs 5709 N 1 S U U 1BR pot containing organic substance possibly bread; 2 RB bowls Wrapped in matting. Matting. Beads: blue glazed steatite. Matting. Round waist masses of green glazed steatite beads and on right wrist an ivory bangle. At the neck a large barrel shaped calcite bead. Collection of objects in a box or bag including 2 coarse bone needles and 1 fine one; ivory bone piercer; many flint flakes. Cymathium and Nerita shells; natural pebble; serrated flint knife. Matting. Matting; Nerita shells. Beads: serpentine; turquoise or glazed steatite. Loosely contracted body wrapped in matting.

8 7 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir N 1 S U Subadult ca. Small oblong 1BB pot Rush coffin. Small ivory spoon. Beads: shell, carnelian (1), blue glazed steatite. 10yrs palette with notched short sides 5712 N 1 N M U 1BB bowl behind the back; 1 RB pot Body wrapped in skins and matting. At the wrists were a few shells Ancillaria. between hands and knees 5713 N 1 SE?M U 1BR bowl; 1RB bowl 1BB bowl; 1BB pot: Register 5714 N 1 S U Subadult 5716 N 1 S M U Body on tray of matting stiffened with sticks placed crosswise, the ends of which were lashed to thicker poles. Sticks and matting above body hamper coffin? Body wrapped in skins. At the head, woven material. In front of hands:?bread. 2 flat throwsticks or castanets decorated with incised pattern, end of 1 was missing N 1 S F U 1RB bowl: 1 fragmentary?type Matting and cloth at the head. Round the neck and perhaps at the wrist were a number of beads of blue glazed steatite, shell, and black and brown soapstone (?), with a few grey limestone, calcite, and one carnelian. One Ancillaria shell.

9 8 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir N 1 S U Subadult ca. 5yrs?Malachite Scraps of blackware Body wrapped in matting. Spoon. Two long pointed pieces of wood, part of hippopotamus tusk Calcite grinder (?). Before the face: in two pieces a spoon or dipper, with long rectangular bowl; two long pointed rods of wood; an ivory bracelet and some powdery green copper or possibly malachite. Also in grave: large flint core, a bone tool, part of a hippopotamus tusk, a piece of quartzite (rubber?), and a flat piece of grey schistose stone N 1 S?M U Body wrapped in skins and matting. A large number of green glazed steatite cylinder beads mostly at the waist or half-way up the spine, with one or two 5722 N 1 S U Subadult ca. 10 yrs 5723 N 1 S F U At hands, 1PR bowl inverted over 1SB vessel 5724 N 1 S U U 1BB bowl near near the head. Matting. Necklace of?black soapstone and white shell ring beads, 1 or 2 blue glazed steatite, several Ancillaria shells, and a few very small Conus shells. Wrapped in skins with fur next to body and then matting. Matting. Pale greenish hair. hands 5725 N NBM S U U Skins and matting. Flint arrowhead and Ancillaria shells N 1 S F U 1SB bowl at hands Skins and matting N 1 N M U 1RB bowl behind Short green hair. Matting and skins. back 5728 N 1 W M U 1RB pot before face Matting and skins. A rough crystal of calcite.

10 9 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir N 1 S?F U 1RB bowl at hands Matting N 1 S F U Matting and skins N 1 S U Subadult 1BR pot Matting. Beads: shell and soapstone N 1 S U Subadult Scraps of SB bowl Matting. Round the head was a circlet of a double row of Nerita shells, round side out. At the hips was a string of Oliva and Natica shells; a necklace of shell beads, with a few green glazed steatite, was also worn N 1 S F U Wrapped in finely tanned skin and matting. Bone awl or piercer N 1 S M U Much matting and sticks up the sides of the grave. Traces of cloth round the hips and round body a pelt with fine fur like a cat s. Worn sideways round back and hips like the leopard skin of the sem priest in Dynastic period. On the right arm above the elbow, a few Nerita and Clanculus shells. Left wrist thonged bracelet with large green stone pendant. Mass of glazed steatite beads which formed a string worn round and round the body N 1 U Subadult 5738 N 1 S?F U Small oblong 1RB bowl 1RB bowl behind head and containing?bread Matting. Necklace of 4 cylinder beads of?red limestone with 2 Conus shells.?bread in pot. Natica shells and 3 pebble beads at the ankles ; at the wrists, beads of?white glazed steatite and?turquoise, with a few Dentalium shells. Small ivory vase, a bone hook. A small flint flake.

11 10 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir N 1 M U Rectangula r one side slightly rounded Red ochre Tightly contracted body wrapped in skins and matting. Over the knees, perhaps in a leather bag, were a group of objects comprising 2 bone piercers and a bone needle; a green pebble rubber; 1 pierced pebble, and 1 Natica shell; 3 stone?rubbers; various pebbles and flint flakes and 2 flint knives, 1 saw-edged N 1 S U U 1SB bowl Matting. At the neck a broken pendant in banded igneous rock. 1 Nerita shell N 1 S U Subadult 1SB bowl at feet Matting N 1 SE?F U Skins and matting N 1 S F U Small oblong, broken 1BB pot above head Ivory spoon with ibex terminal. Bone needle. On right wrist?bone bracelet N 1 W M U Sherds of RB ware 5747 N 1 S M U Broken bone needle N 1 S M U 1SB bowl at hands Body wrapped in goat skin, head free. Matting N 1 SE M U 1BB pot behind back ; 1BR bowl at head 5751 N 1 SE M U Oblong 1 BR bowl on top of palette in front of face 5752 N 1 SE?M U MS sherds-register; report: bowl of rough black rippled pottery behind head 5753 N 1 N M U 1BB bowl at hands; fragments of PR bowl at knees No matting. Wrapped in?goat-skin. A flint flake. Body supine. Cloth round the head and whole body covered in matting. Wrapped in?goat skin, no matting.

12 11 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir N 1 S U Subadult 1BR bowl before face 3 or 4 tips of ostrich feathers arranged in a fan N 1 S M Young 1RB pot at knees Body wrapped in two types of skins: inner-?gazelle, outer-?goat N 1 S M U Skins N 1 S U Subadult 1SB bowl-register Matting and skins N 1 S U Sub- Conus and Mitra shells. A bead?stone. adult 5762 N 1 S M U 1AB bowl behind head Body wrapped in well-tanned skin with short black fur. Ivory bangle, bracelet of 7 Nerita shells on right wrist, a bone fingerring and a bone point. Natica shells at neck N 1 M U 1SB bowl close to head 5766 N 1 S F U 1SB replaced head No matting or skins. Body undisturbed. Head missing N 1 S M U Wrapped in skins N U S U U 1BB pot at knees covered by part of an RB pot 5770 N 1 S F U 1BR pot seems to have contained bread Body wrapped in skins and matting. Evidence of matting N 1 S M U Tightly contracted body wrapped in?goatskin N 1 S M U 2BR bowls near head Matting but skins on the legs only but as right femur missing, matting could have been displaced N 1 S?F U Matting in a square parcel. Scraps of leather with a seam and piece of plaited thong.

13 12 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir N 1 M U 1 BR bowl at elbow Body wrapped in skins and matting N 1 M U Traces of cloth beneath skins and matting. Leather pad (or folds in leather) showing seam and plaited edge N 1 S U Subadult Infant Wrapped in skins but no matting. Necklace of tubes from Dentalium, Ancillaria shells, and a few blue glazed steatite beads N 1 S M U Body tightly contracted wrapped in skins showing seams; fur next to skin. Laid on matting N 1 S M U Wrapped in skins without fur and matting. No objects N 1 NW F U Matting but no skins N 1 NW M U Matting and skins, bone point and 1 filed Spatha shell N 1 S F U 2SB bowls before Body wrapped in matting. face 6003 N 1 S M U 1RB bowl behind Matting. head 6004 N 1 S?F U Matting N 1 S M U Buried face downwards. Skins and matting. 1 calcite bead at neck NS 1 N U Subadult ca. 10 3BB bowls, 1near feet, others in filling 5294 NS 1 N F U 1BB bowl Untouched body covered in matting NS NB U U 1RB bowl Traces of matting NS NBM U U 1BR bowl Matting NS 1 NW?F Young Matting and skins P U SW F U 1BR; 1BB-bowl Register: fragments Mat, skins and linen; beads in filling. Spatha shell and piece of horn.

14 13 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir P U S U U 1SB bowl: Register Legs, pelvis and lumbar vertebrae. Pot before face if had been present P 1 SE F U Mat and linen. Body disturbed. Head wrapped in linen. Basket ; small piece of bone with incised pattern of lunettes and small pierced translucent pebble P U U U Oblong with short concave sides Malachite piece - mixed to make a paste Matting. Limestone and steatite beads, pebbles, flint arrowhead, bent copper pin, bone needle, bone?awl or borer, 2 pottery?ear-plugs parts of an ivory, small lugged ivory vase containing malachite paste bracelet, fish spine, 3 flint flakes, 5 ivory pins or teeth of a comb and scraps of a basket P 1 S F U PR bowl by knees; 1 Legs only remained. Matting. BR 5151 P 1 S F U Matting. 5 Ivory bangles and 1 fine black clay stud P 1 S M U BB bowl 5401 P 1 S M U Body wrapped in skins and matting; 7 flint cores and flakes P 1 S?M U Legs and pelvis only. Amulet: gazelle or ibex head in bone. Curved bone needle; Beads: calcite and steatite P 1 S?M U 1SB vessel; 1 RB Large?cooking pot Matting. Head and shoulders disturbed; Spatha shell P S Large bovine animal covered in matting. Skull missing P Similar to 5423, no head, spine only remained P 1 S M U 1BB bowl behind head; 1AB bowl in front of face Body wrapped in skins and matting.

15 14 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir P 1 S M ca. 20 yrs 1BB bowl-sherds Wrapped in skins with a quantity of matting P 1 S U Subadult 1BR pot Under the body and about the head was cloth. Matting. Pad of cloth by the hands. At the neck was a string of blue glazed steatite and a few shell beads, threaded with Ancillaria shells ; while on right on the right arm was a large pendant of black and white mottled limestone P 1 N M U Shells: Ancillaria P 1 S U U Oblong with unnotched short sides 5729 P 1 N F U 1BR bowl behind head 5736 P NBM U U 1BB bowl; 1BR bowl; 1RB bowl 5744 P 1 S M U 1 x oblong Sherds in filling 1 x oblong?type with slightly concaved short sides Cloth stained green on head and matting over whole body. Pebble grinder; small basket. Body wrapped in matting and surrounded by twig hamper. Two pointed sticks with slight swelling towards pointed end. Very disturbed by two Roman burials. Body in almost prone position. Traces of cloth in contact with body and a skin above that on upper part only. Matting present. 2 winged arrow-heads, 1 being embedded in some substance, 2 pebbles: 1 flat and 1 pierced, a flint core (since lost), a few flint flakes, one having " dos rabattu," 2 small polished pebbles (?for the slates), and a limestone pendant P 1?F U 1BB pot at hands No trace of skins or cloth. No reference to matting. A pebble.

16 15 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir P 1 N U Subadult 2SB bowls, smaller contained figurine; 1SB flask; 1RB Female figurine in bowl with wrapping. Brunton (1928, 17) model burial Matting. bowl at side of grave in front of arms 5801 P 1 N F U Fragments of a BR Body wrapped in skins, matting. bowl plus one sherd 5802 P 1 N F U Upper part of body undisturbed, rest cut away by Roman burial. Skins. Crumpled pad of leather beneath head P 1 U Subadult 1PR pot at feet Matting and skins. ca. 3 yrs 5816 P 1 S M U 1BR pot at head Skins with fur on outside and matting P 1 N F U Matting but no skins Q U U U 1BR bowl: Register 5104 Q U U U Oblong with notched short sides 1BB bowl; 1 BR: Register Spoon, broken with end missing, nose plug, flint flakes, beads: black and white pebbles, calcite and glazed steatite Q U U U Flake of selenite; Spatha shell, small piece of horn, pebble and fish spine Q U U U Beads: ivory Q U U U In grave filling: Ivory figurine; polishing pebble; steatite and?turquoise beads Q U U U 2 BB bowls: Register Q U U U 2BB (1=bowl), 1RB bowl; 1 SB bowl in filling Register-scrap Matting. Beads: calcite and?turquoise.

17 16 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir Q U U U 1 BB bowl Piece of hippopotamus tusk, piece of wood pierced with rippled surface and a pebble Q 1 M U 1BR bowl: Register Matting. Crocodile plate, remains of ivory bracelet Q U U U Scraps of 2 bowls. 6 small flints including an arrowhead.?type 5118 Q U U U Head of ivory pin or stick ornamented by circular grooves, 2 flint flakes plus a rough pierced pebble. May not be a grave Q 1 U Subadult Matting. Ancillaria shell. Steatite and?calcite beads Q U U U A couple of sherds.?type Matting at side of grave. 2 arrowheads, saw-edged knife or dagger. Pottery stud Q 1 E F U 1SB bowl Contracted body Q 3 U U Probably grave robbers dump Q U U U 1PR 3 flint flakes, frags. of?an ivory wand; stone grinder and mass of organic material probably vegetable in origin.? Q 1 U U 1BB; 1BR. Both Bones of forearm with 2 ivory bracelets. bowls 5127 Q U U U 1SB bowl Traces of matting around sides of grave Q 1 M U Worked flint, poss. a knife; scraps of ivory bracelet Q U U U 1BB bowl Matting round sides of grave Q U U U 1PR roughly rectangular Comb with two projections, ivory spoon with ibex terminal with a roughly rectangular bowl; 2 Oliva shells plus beads: red jasper and black and white pierced pebble Q U U U Scraps of ivory from a small vase; ivory bangle.

18 17 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir Q 1 U U Piece of jaw remained. Pierced flint nodule; 2 shells: Ancillaria and Nerita (grave Register) or Natica (excavation report, p. 8); beads: carnelian and glazed steatite Q U U U Scraps of 2 vessels? Type: Register Ivory fragments; white steatite beads; a Natica shell Q U U U 1BB: Register 5136 Q U U U 1BB bowl Piece of bone with incised criss-cross pattern possibly part of a small cylindrical vessel Q 1 M U lined with matting Q 1 SE F U Traces of cloth on body; grave lined with matting Q 1 F U 1BR bowl 5140 Q 1 U U 2?AB close to feet Only legs remained; glazed blue steatite beads in filling Q U U U 1 BB Body plundered. Matting at sides of grave Q U U U 1SB Matting at sides of grave Q U U U Faint traces of matting on sides of grave. 2 pieces of ivory with a spiral carved into upper part, ivory bracelet and a clay stud, a flint flake; 2 Nerita shells Q U U U Scraps.?Type Traces of matting on sides of grave; 1 ivory bead Q U U U 1BR bowl Matting at sides Q 1 U U Skins. Human bones mixed with those of large ruminant. Fragments of hide with black hair. Flint arrowhead and flake Q U U U 1BB bowl Plundered body with remains of matting over it.

19 18 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir Q 1 M U Scraps of ivory from?bracelet and?cylindrical cup Q U S U U Narrow oblong Ivory bangle, fragments of possibly two spoons; breccia spindle whorl; pebble. with notched ends 5153 Q U U U Scrap.?Type 5154 Q U U U Matting Q 1 M U 1BR; 1PR both bowls Bone point, black clay?ear stud; blue glazed steatite beads, 5160 Q 1 M U Scraps: Register Matting Q 1 M U Matting Q 1 F U Malachite A few shell and?slate beads; 1 Ancillaria shell Q 1?M U Matting, fragments of an ivory vase; a broken ivory hook; black flint pebble, a few Ancillaria shells; jasper, agate and white steatite beads Q 1 M U 1BR bowl Matting Q U U U 1BB bowl; 1PR Matting at sides of grave. flask 5227 Q U U U In filling: 1BB bowl; 1RB bowl; fragments of thin ware not in Register In the filling burnished red clay, headless female figurine Q U U U 1BB bowl 5285 Q U U U 1BR 5389 Q U U U 1BB bowl Flint flake and rough saw-edged knife Q U U U Flint lance Q 1 M U Matting. Some carnelian and 1 yellow soapstone beads.

20 19 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir Q 1 F U Skins Q 1 M U 2 bowls:1bb and 1BR Matting..Nerita shell; ivory pin; carnelian and steatite beads Q U U U PR bowl 5399 Q 1 F U Oblong, 1BB bowl; 1 BR pot Matting. Ivory bead. short ends slightly concave 5402 Q U U U 1BR bowl Matting.?ivory bangle; steatite beads Q U U U Broken oblong notched palette 1BR; 2SB bowls + fragments of dark brown pot Matting. Sticks in grave to support roof or matting against the side of the grave. 10 or more small flint flakes; green jasper grinding pebble; wide ivory bracelet inlaid with beads; piece of Spatha shell;?piece of mineralised bone. Beads include: carnelian?turquoise now identified as 5406 Q U U U 1SB bowl;1rb large?cooking pot steatite; pierced pebble. Fragments of an ivory knobbed bangle; shell beads; Oliva and Conus shells; flint arrowhead and some flakes; piece of wood Q 1 U Subadult Ancillaria shell Q 1 U Subadult?Bone pendant Q U U U Flint knife Q 1 F U 1BR bowl Oliva and Nerita shells Q U U U 1BR bowl 5416 Q 1 F U 1PR bowl Matting; 2 flint flakes Q 1 F U 2 pebbles and a piece of breccia hollowed slightly at one end.

21 20 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir Q 1 S F U Matting; Conus shell on original fibre; string of glazed steatite or turquoise beads; piece of quartzite sandstone Q 1 U U 1 Predynastic RB Fragments of skeletal material. No trace of matting Q Very disturbed burial of sheep or goat. Matting and traces of cloth Q 1 S F U Mat; Shells: Nerita, Ancillaria and Mitra; 2 shell beads Q U U U Scrap with deep notch 5429 Q U U U Straightsided oblong Fragments of deep rimmed BR rippled bowl 1BR vessel; 1 RB bowl 5436 Q 1 M U 1 BB bowl;1sb bowl: 1RB pot + 1 other. All found in filling Matting and sticks as in Fragment of ivory bracelet. 7 flint flakes. Beads: agate and?green limestone; Purpura and Spatha shells. Matting; 4 flint flakes Q U U U 1MS?Badarian; Hippopotamus tusk; many flint flakes. many coarse sherds 5438 Q 1 F U Matting; horn finger ring Q 1 M U 2 flint flakes; 2 bone awls Q U U U Worn oblong palette with notched short ends Sherds of possibly 2 BB bowls; 1MSpiece of RB with paler radial stripes on inner surface Matting and skins; one Terebra and Spatha shells; a pebble; fragments of an ivory bowl and a bone point Q U U U Matting, spoon with double hippotamus terminal; Natica shell Q 1 F U Horn finger ring.

22 21 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir Q 1 M U Matting,?ivory spoon; beads:?turquoise, carnelian Q U U U 1 BR bowl Pottery boat; 3 flint flakes Q U U U One end of an oblong Fragments of 2BB bowls; 1SB bowl Matting, scraps of ivory from a bowl; bracelets and finger ring. palette, short end deeply notched 5457 Q U U U Sherds Matting; fragments of an ivory spoon with double animal terminal Q U U U Matting; bone needle and case Q U U U Nerita shell; flint arrowhead Q 1 M U Flint arrowhead Q 1 U Subadult ca. 6 yrs Amulet: bone hippopotamus head. A pierced Nerita shell, and a number of beads:?turquoise, steatite, shell, ivory and Dentalium shell-tubes (not all on Register) Q U U U 1SB bowl Skins. A Conus shell, and a group of 5 wooden tools: pointed sticks of varying lengths Q 1 U Subadult Evidence of cloth. Beads: glazed steatite and calcite Q 1 SE?F U Scraps of BB: Matting. Register 5811 Q 1 U Subadult 1BR bowl Matting Q NB U U 1 Predynastic A few Nerita shells.

23 22 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir Q 1?M U Small oblong with short sides slightly curved Pebble. 255 human burials, 5 animal burials 1 Objects in excavation report accorded to grave 5111 are accorded to grave 5112 in the Register Underlining of head direction indicates body lay on its right side. Human Burials Not Disturbed:129: 10?F, 5?M, 19F, 61M, 5U, 29 S-A Not Stated or Not certain: 5: 1F, 1?F, 1S-A; 2U Partly Disturbed: 25: 1?F, 2?M, 8F (5101: there was no body but sex identified as female in Register), 7M, 4U, 3 S-A Quite Disturbed: 96: 1?F, 2?M, 13F, 14M, 60U, 6S-A Animal Burials: Undisturbed: 2; Partly disturbed: 2; Quite disturbed: 1

24 23 Table 1b: Matmar No. State of No. of Bodies Head Dir. Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods 201 N 1 S?F U 1SB pot: Register Only traces of wrappings. Pierced pebble. Shells: Oliva, Strombus, Nerita. 203 N 1 E U U Greywacke Half an oblong, the short end deeply notched Matting. Conus, Oliva and Ancillaria shells at ankles. Necklace of?turquoise/blue glazed steatite/black limestone beads N 1 S M U 1BB pot; 1SB bowl Matting and twigs over the body 2033 N 1 S M U 1RB bowl front of face 2034 N 1 S U Subadult ca. 3 yrs 2502 N 1 S U Subadult 2505 N 1 S U Subadult 1RB bowl with basket cover before face 1 SB bowl: Register Matting N 1 S U Subadult 2507 N 1 S U Subadult 2508 N 1 S U Subadult 2509 N 1 S U Subadult 2510 N 1 E?F U 1SB bowl before face Skins with fur covered body and head. No cloth. Pot, smoke-blackened containing organic matter. Skins and matting. Flat piece of horn. Nerita shell at wrist. Matting.?Cloth. 2 cowrie and 1 Clanculus shells right ankle, 1 cowrie from forehead. Shell and grey soapstone beads. Matting. 5 Copper cylinder beads and 1 carnelian bead. Matting. Two?ivory hooks. Matting. Beads: glazed steatite, carnelian, shell. Matting.5 Spatha shells and a flint flake.

25 24 No. State of No. of Bodies Head Dir. Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods 2511 N 1 S M U Body covered with matting and mud N 1 S?F U? Matting. A grinder. 3 Conus shells and one mottled limestone bead placed on knees cf grave 408 Mostagedda N 1 E M U 1RB bowl at feet Matting N 1 S M U 1RB bowl at knees Body covered by matting N 1 E F U 1SB bowl between Matting. arms and knees 2516 N 1 S U Subadult ca. 1RB bowl south of head Matting. 1 mottled limestone shell plus 1 Conus and 1 Nerita; 2 shell hooks. 11 yrs 2517 N 1 S F U 1BB bowl between Matting.?Bread. knees and elbows 2518 N 1 S U Subadult Shells: 5 Conus and 5 Ancillaria N 1 N M U 1RB bowl at feet Matting over body. Leather at feet N 1 S U Sub- 1RB bowl: Register Matting. A few Ancillaria and Conus adult 2522 N 1 S U Subadult 1BR bowl containing grain before face 2523 N 1 S F U 1BB bowl at head; 1RB bowl at feet 2524 N 1 S M U 2RB pots one at face and one very broken at feet shells; Glazed steatite beads. Matting. Matting. Beads: Conus, Ancillaria, Nerita and Columbella. Matting N 1 S F U Matting. Conus and Ancillaria. Shell beads N 1 S F U 1RB bowl: Register Matting.

26 25 No. State of No. of Bodies Head Dir. Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods 3083 N 1 S M U 1RB pot covered by an RB bowl at Matting.?leather. Grain. Flint arrowhead and scraper. higher level than head 3099 N 1 S M U 1PR bowl between Matting. elbows and knees 3103 N 1 E F U Considerably denuded grave. Evidence of matting N 1 E U Subadult 1MS pot painted Very denuded. ca. 2 yrs with red stripes and covered by a BR sherd 3105 N 1 E F U 1RB bowl: Register. Pot above the level of the body 3106 N 1 S?F U 1SB pot above hands Possible evidence of skins N 1 S M U 1BR bowl above head and crushed 3108 N 1 S U Subadult 1RB pot above head ca. 12 yrs 5303 N 1 S F U 1RB pot between 5316 N 1 S U Subadult 2503 NS 1 S U Subadult elbows and knees Matting. Thick layer of chaff -?pillow. Necklace of blue glazed steatite beads; a green jasper and a pink banded calcite bead at each ankle. A bone needle with remains of thread wound round it. Pot over head and crushed. Matting. Matting. Beak of spoon-bill. Soapstone and shell beads. 10 Conus shells.

27 26 No. State of No. of Bodies Head Dir. Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods 2006 P 1 S M U 1BB bowl Sticks placed lengthwise both above and below. Large amount of matting above and below P 1 S M U RB bowl at head 2012 P 1 E M U Part of a BB bowl in filling P 1 S M U Greywacke Oval with notch short ends 1BB bowl head end Matting. Trace of cloth at pelvis. Skull above in the filling- result of plunder. Left arm removed. Evidence of cloth, skins and matting. Resin. Shell: Triton P 1 S M U 1BB bowl: Register Trace of cloth at pelvis. Upper part of body removed P 1 S?M U 1RB bowl: Register 2007 Q 1?F U 1BB bowl at head end Evidence of matting. Leg bones of small ruminant (poss. remains of pet gazelle, Brunton 1948, p. 11) Q 1?M U 1BR pot Matting. Basket lid Q 1 U Subadult 1BR bowl; 1RB Matting Beads: quartz,?green soapstone. bowl 2014 Q 1 F U 1BR bowl: Register 2015 Q 1 F U 1BR bowl: Register Matting and twigs up the sides of the grave Q 1?F U 1RB bowl: Register Matting Q 1 U Subadult 2021 Q 1 E M U Oblong - part 1BB pot; 1RB bowl: Register Sherds of 1BB bowl and 1BR bowl 2030 Q 1 F U 1BR bowl: Register Matting. Evidence of skins and matting. Flint knife and small piece of organic matter. Flint arrowhead and glazed steatite beads in filling.

28 27 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies Dir Q 1 U Subadult 1RB bowl: Register Matting. 2 Ancillaria shells. Beads including shell Q 1 F U 2040 Q 1 U U 1BB bowl; 1RB?Matting. Layer of ash and charred sticks. sherds in filling 2501 Q 1 U Subadult 1SB bowl: Register Clanculus shell Q 1 U Subadult 1BB bowl 3094 Q 1 M U PR sherds Blue glazed steatite beads adhering to waist. Beads: a few carnelian and serpentine, 1 black limestone. 1?turquoise pendant. 55 Ancillaria shells Q 1 U Subadult 1SB bowl; 2RB Glazed steatite beads. bowls: Register 6001 Q 1 U U BR sherds Matting. Shells: Ancillaria and Nerita Q 1 S U U BR sherds Matting. 62 burials, Brunton, 1948, pl. 3. No additional numbered unregistered graves were identified in the excavation report. Underlining of head direction indicates body lay on its right side. Not Disturbed: 37: 4?F, 8F, 10M, 1U, 14 S-A Not Stated: 1: condition not known: 1 S-A Partly Disturbed: 6: 1?M, 5M Quite Disturbed: 18: 2?F, 1?M, 4F, 2M, 3U, 6S-A

29 28 Table 1c: Mostagedda State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies 123 N 1 S U Subadult BR bowl: Register Matting. 201 N 1 S U Subadult MS pot: Register Matting; shell beads. 202 N 1 W U Subadult RB bowl: Register Thick matting over body String of beads at neck, blue glazed steatite and soapstone, Ancillaria shells at the ankles. 203 N 1 N M U Matting. 204 N 1 S M U SB bowl above where head would have been; RB bowl by legs 207 N 1 E M U BR bowl above head on slope of grave 209 N 1 S M U Rough bowl covering RB bowl near hands 212 N 1 S U Subadult 213 N 1 S U Subadult 301 N 1 S U Subadult/ Infant BR bowl 302 N 1 S M U AB bowl near knees. Seeds in bowl possibly brought in by animals Body covered in twigs and matting and bound with string. No objects. Matting. Body wrapped in?gazelle skin. Bone awl. Body covered in matting which extended up the sides of the grave by 20 cms. Flint flake. Matting. Spatha shell. Matting. Carnelian beads. Body covered with skins. Few Nerita and Ancillaria shells on chest or waist. Flint flake. Body on matting and covered with yellow and black skin. Evidence of cloth with fringe. Head on heap of chaff. Body of?gazelle.

30 29 State of No. of Bodies No. 303 N 1 U Subadult/ Baby Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods Body on matting. 3 flint flakes under head. String and leather anklets, and perhaps a leather bracelet. 314 N 1 N F U Pregnant. Skin. Disturbed burial. Some 322 N 1 U Subadult ca.14 yrs 323 N 1 S U Subadult 402 N 1 S U Subadult 408 N 1 S U Subadult ca. 3 yrs 410 N 1 S U Subadult ca. 8 yrs 426 N 1 S U Subadult AB bowl: Register RB 2 pots, the smaller inverted over the larger, outside the hamper at the level of the face Small bowl at ankles. Small rough bowl at feet inside hamper; 2 bowls outside of hamper in front of face Ancillaria shells. Covered with black and buff long haired (3cms) folded skins. Matting. Matting and skins. Body in hamper of sticks and twigs. Sticks above covered in matting. Body, with traces of cloth wrapped in skins. Head on a chaff pillow. Behind pelvis, plait of grass or straw and behind and in front of skull were 2 leather knots. On left wrist an ivory bracelet. Between the knees and elbows had been laid a string of Nerita shells with 1 bead made from a section of bone-shaft (bird's). Flint. Body covered with a skin hair inwards and lying on matting. Many folds over the head and pelvis. Body in hamper of sticks and covered in matting.?pillow of chaff or bran under head. Ox-ribs. Shells: Ancillaria (illegible number) and 2 Columbella.

31 30 State of No. of Bodies No. 427 N 1 S U Subadult Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods Small RB bowl containing organic matter in front of face Traces of matting. 8 Ancillaria shells at neck or wrists. Small flint flake. 428 N 1 N F U Malachite Matting. Ivory spoon, handle broken, stained green with malachite paste, tusk containing malachite powder; resin; ivory vase; bird-headed comb, some flint N 1 S?F U BB bowl over knees Fine matting under the body, and coarse over it. 437 N 1 S U Subadult Rough pot with sherd in front of face 438 N 1 S U Subadult ca. 7 yrs One pot near head 439 N 1 S M U Rough bowl in front of hands 441 N 1 S U Subadult 442 N 1 S U Subadult Body on matting covered by skin with more matting on top. Fragment of Spatha shell and a piece of turtle plate. Body on matting and covered with many folds of leather. Matting cover. Body covered with skins, hair inside and leather. Much cloth folded over pelvis. Matting cover and extended up sides of grave. BB pot behind head Matting. Limestone grinder in filling come from village rubbish? BR pot before face Matting. Top of skull stained green probably caused by malachite which had disappeared. Round the neck was a string of filed Ancillaria shells. High on the north-east side of the grave, above the feet, was the hard limestone grinder with red stain. As in 441, this may be a village object which penetrated later.

32 31 State of No. of Bodies Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. 443 N 1 S?F U RB bowl near hands Matting. Feet wrapped with yellow and hair skins, which were laid over the grave. Upper part covered with cloth. Above head, traces of a feather (not identified). Flint flake. 444 N 1 N M Young Skull absent; in its place was roll of leather?pillow. Black and yellowed hair skins and some cloth covered the body. Matting. One rib stained green. Across lower ribs and elbows lay a feather. 445 N 1 S U Subadult 446 N 1 U Subadult/ Infant Matting and skins. Piece of flint. Matting and skins. No objects. 447 N 1 S F U Matting and skins. 448A N 1 N U Sub Matting and feather on face. adult 448B N 1 S U Sub adult Small vase with sherd in front of face Matting and leather; 2 Cypraea and 2 Columbella shells round waist. 451 N 1 S?F U Rough pot in front of face Matting. In a pot animal bone and organic matter. 452 N 1 S U Subadult Matting and skins. Small pot of blackish clay in front of face ca. 5 yrs 454 N 1 N U Subadult Matting. 457 N 1 S?F U RB bowl at feet Spine severed close to head. Sacrifice? Matting and skins evident. Piece of flint.

33 32 State of No. of Bodies No. 458 N 1 S U Subadult/ Infant Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods 459 N 1 S M U AB bowl containing grain and covered with sherds in front of hands Grain: Triticum species, possibly T. dicoccum (Schub.), but material too fragmentary Brunton 1937, 58 Traces of cloth on head. Matting. Body on matting. Skins over body and bowl. 460 N 1 S F U Rough brown pot in front of face Traces of cloth, whole body covered with skins. 462 N 1 S M U Matting. Microlith point. Ivory needle. 464 N 1 S F U Black pot at feet under the skins; rough brown vessel containing organic matter outside coverings near face. Organic matter identified as natron with some fatty matter and vegetable tissue. The last mentioned may have come from matting Brunton 1937, 33) Under the body matting which ran some 50cms up the sides of the grave. Over the body several layers of skins but no matting. Head rested on many folds of leather with sewn seams. Shells: Conus, some Ancillaria and Columbella necklace.

34 33 State of No. of Bodies No. 465 N 1 S U Subadult ca.12 yrs Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods BR pot close to hands 466 N 1 S M U One pot containing organic matter possibly in front of face 467 N 1 S F U Very decayed BB bowl at hands Traces of cloth. Body on matting with skins over. Round the neck was a string of very small Ancillaria shells. Basket work platter. Traces of sticks at side of grave. Body covered with skins, hair inside. Body covered by skins. No evidence of matting. Small Spatha shell, a flake of hard limestone. No matting. Body covered with skins with dark brown hair. Flint knife. Cloth, skins and matting; glazed steatite and shell beads round neck. Matting, string of Nerita shells laid at hands. 468 N 1 S U Subadult 471B N 1 S M U Skins. 472B N 1 S M U BR bowl at hands 472C N 1 U Subadult 473B N 1 S M U Matting, skins and cloth.

35 34 State of No. of Bodies Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. 474A N 1 S M U One pot with organic matter of fine light brown powder containing vegetable fibres and twigs mixed with natron. The vegetable matter is probably derived from the basketwork platter which covered the pot. (Brunton 1937, 33) Head wound. Evidence of matting and black skins with a sewn edge. 2 Nerita shells, 4 large bone hooks and a rough flint. 475 N 1 M U Covered with black haired skins. 480 N 1 S?F U RB bowl Matting. 482 N 1 N M U Skins. 485 N 1 E U Subadult SB pot at rather high Skins and fine grass matting. level in filling 486 N 1 M U Crushed decayed pot Body covered in finely tanned skin. before hands Report only 487A N 1 S U Subadult/ Matting and black skins. Infant 487B N 1 S U Subadult 489 N 1 S U Subadult Small rough bowl in front of face, sherd for lid. Register: 5 sherds Matting and yellow skins. Matting and skins. Spatha shell.

36 35 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies 492 N 1 U Subadult SB pot near knees Matting. Ancillaria shells at neck. 493B N 1 S F U 494 N 1 S?F Subadult/ Young SB pot close to head Cloth on body and skins. Evidence of mummification. No sign of matting. String of blue glazed and white steatite beads with a bone cylinder round the neck; at the right wrist 2 bracelets, one of Ancillaria shells, the other of white shell beads; at the left wrist a string of Ancillaria shells, with 1 blue glazed steatite and 1 bone cylinder bead; these last two may have strayed from the neck. At each ankle were 8 or 9 Nerita shells. 4 pieces of female figurine broken before or at burial. Remains of?gazelle (?pet). Empty leather bag and 2 flint flakes one in filling. 496A N 1 S M U Covered in black and brown haired skins. Copralites at pelvis. 497 N 1 S M U Bowl at knees Over the body a quantity of leather with nicked edges. Skins with light brown hair on inside laid over the leather. Fine reed matting. 498 N 1 S M U RB bowl behind head. Near hands sherds of two rough bowls 499 N 1 S U Subadult ca. 2 yrs Body covered with black haired skins. Body wrapped in black haired skins and covered by fine grass matting. Round waist string of Nerita shells. Pierced pebble at the neck.

37 36 State of No. of Bodies Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. 547 N 1 S F U Matting and black haired skins. Necklace of white shell beads. At right ankle 2 Natica shells and at left a string of black stone ring beads and a Conus shell, filed at both ends, all strung on fibre. 582 N 1 U Subadult 592 N 1 S M U Sherds of BB pot before face outside matting Body on matting and sticks and covered in matting. Black and brown haired goatskin at head, waist and back. Over knees approx. 5,000 blue glazed steatite beads with 8 shell spacers a belt. Several vertebrae and small bones under pot. 599 N 1 S M U Matting and skins. Shell: Triton. 818 N 1 E M Elderly Pot before face. Same type as in 1271 Wrapped in skin with short fine fur like a cat, on matting. 2 fish spines. 819 N 1 U Subadult RB sherd under body 1005 N 1 S M U 2 BR pots at head outside hamper Goat skin?matting. Twig coffin lined with matting. Body wrapped in skins. On head feather. Lump of resin. Skin and cloth. Body on back. 1206B N 1 M U BR pot replacing head 1212B N 1 E F U BB sherd Reed Matting, skins and cloth under body N 1 S F U? Remains of BB pot Malachite close to feet Matting and cloth. Evidence of mummification. Bone spoon with short handle (scoop like) possibly with malachite near the foot.

38 37 State of No. of Bodies Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No N 1 S F U Sherd (?Type) under matting Rush matting and leather pillow. Round the neck or wrists was a string of Ancillaria shells, and 2 Conus; at the right ankle 5 Natica and 2 Ancillaria; at the left 6 Ancillaria and 3 Natica. Ivory cup N 1?F U Matting over and under the body; traces of cloth at pelvis N 1 U U Body covered with dark and buff haired skins and then matting N 1 S?F U Evidence of skins and cloth. Grain near body N 1 S U U 5 flint flakes and some decomposed wood N 1 N M U RB before face Body in rush and rope matting. More like early Dynastic burial N 1 E F U RB sherd under head Matting N 1 F U RB sherd at feet 7 layers of matting, evidence of cloth.?leather bag in front of face; bone tool N 1 S U Subadult ca.12 yrs 2006 N 1 S U Subadult 2007 N 1 E U Subadult 2008 N 1 S U Subadult RB pot before face Sherd over feet Sherd at feet Matting covering body. Faint traces of skins at neck. Evidence of matting. Evidence of matting and cloth. 4 stone beads at neck. ca. 7 yrs 2009 N 1 E U Subadult Evidence of matting N 1 E?M U Evidence of matting and skins. Round neck necklace of twigs.

39 38 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies 2012 N 1 E?M U Sherd at feet Matting, no skins N 1 E U Subadult Matting and cloth N 1 S F U BB pot at elbows Lying on matting and covered in cloth, thick matting and twigs. Much folded leather at feet. Fibre bangle on left forearm N 1 W U Subadult 2201 N 1 N U Subadult ca. 8 yrs 2203 N 1 E U Subadult/ Infant RB pot before face quite clearly broken before being put in the grave or broken by being dropped in at the burial BR pot in front of head BB and BR sherds may be related to filling Cloth, goat and gazelle skins. Matting extended up the sides of the grave for about 25 cms. Completely covered in skins. At the neck were strings of white shell and blue glazed steatite beads, with a few of black or grey limestone. Some of these, and the 3 shells, may have come from the wrists, as the hands were close to the face. Matting. 4 Natica and 1 Conus shells. 3 shell beads N 1 U U BR sherd above body level: Report Cloth at head N 1 E U Subadult Flint flake N 1 S U Subadult SB bowl close to Matting. head 2208 N 1 S M U RB pot before face Body covered with skin (?gazelle), hair inward. No evidence of matting.

40 39 State of No. of Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No. Bodies 2209 N 1 S M U BR bowl close to Matting above and below body. hands 2210 N 1 S M U Matting and skins N 1 S U Subadult ca. 3 yrs BR pot on shelf that ran round grave thickly lined with matting. Cloth. 4 ivory bangles on right wrist and 1 on left. Feather (Night Heron (Nycticorax) on head. Large lump of resin on forehead N 1 E?F U RB pot with sherd at Evidence of matting. hands 2220 N 1 S F U RB pot at hands Cloth over head and chest. Body completely covered by fine cat or gazelle skins fur inside N 1 S U Subadult ca.14 yrs Rectangular, greywacke BB pot in fragments over the body, 2224A N 1 W M Bag of grain before face. Number of sticks over floor of grave covered by matting and then a skin. Body covered in coarse cloth and more matting. 2224B N 2 S 1:F 2:U 1: U 2: Subadult/ New born 2231 N 1 N M U Evidence of skins N 1 E?F U RB bowl covered with a sherd above matting Matting. Sub-adult lay close to pelvis of female. The bones of the female were disturbed. 2704A N 1 S?M U Stick at side of grave. 2704B N 1 S?M U Chaff under head; trace of skin under head possibly the covering of the pillow.

41 40 State of No. of Bodies No N 1 S U Subadult/ Infant 2709 N 1 S U Subadult ca. 4 yrs Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods SB pot at knees BR pot before the feet and the bowl behind them; both outside hamper, Basket work coffin, covered in matting. Handle end of small throwstick. 4 beads sections of a bird s leg bone. Basket work coffin Evidence of cloth N 1 S F U Reed matting and cloth. Basket N 1 N U Subadult BR bowl: Register Matting N 1 S?F U Evidence of matting and skins with short fine fur N 1 S U Subadult ca. 5 yrs Pot with bowl inside in front of face Covered in folds of leather with matting over. Faint traces of cloth. One ivory bangle, and a single bead cut from a bone N 1 S?M U Pot covered with sherd at knees 2840 N 2 S 1:U Sub adult very small shaft (bird's). Decayed matting. Leg and blade bones of a?calf. Sub-adult between woman s arms and knees. Knobbed ivory bangle and a string of 18 Nerita shells. S 2:F U Calcite palette stained red on one side and green on the other Pot by woman s knees Decayed matting; powdery chaff or bran under the head, small ivory spoon and a triangular mace-head or bead. Brown jasper pebble. From high in the filling came a small pointed rod of ivory.

42 41 State of No. of Bodies Head Sex Age Palette Pigment Pottery Other Comments/ Goods No N 1 S M U Small slab of limestone Malachite Pot some distance from hands at side of grave Matting over body decayed. Face stained greenish due to nearby malachite. 5 ribs and a blade bone of a calf N 1 S M U Pot close to arms Faint trace of cloth. (Register states 2852 N 1 S U Subadult ca.12 yrs 2853 N 1 S?F U Calcite. Oblong 2854 N 1 S U Subadult ca.12 yrs 2913 N 1 U Subadult Pot before arms Pot at knees Rectangular PR pot near left hand 3002 N 1 S?M U Pot at centre of west side with fragment of large cooking pot 3006 N 1 S?F U Pot recessed in front of face matting). Flint. Cloth and reed matting over body. Possible traces of cloth. Reed matting. Folds of leather at feet and between elbows and knees. Small piece of ostrich shell. Body covered with reed matting.? cat and antelope skins. Several feathers at the back of the head. Round the left wrist and hanging from it was a string of Nerita and Ancillaria shells, together with 2 ivory cylinders with incised criss-cross lines. Evidence of matting. Ribs of an animal. Staining of sand indicated matting N 1 S F U Pot before face Matting and skins N 1 S U Subadult ca. 8 yrs One pot Body covered by matting. A string of shells lay over the right wrist; some of the Columbella and both the Trochus had been filed at the ends.