Abbreviations. D DAA Digital Adaptive Arrays 10

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1 Abbreviations 1 D One Dimensional 6 1G he First Generation of Mobile Phone Systems 6 2 D wo Dimensional 6 2G he Second Generation of Mobile Phone Systems 6 3 D hree Dimensional 2 3G he hird Generation of Mobile Phone Systems 6 4G he Fourth Generation of Mobile Phone Systems 6 A ACF Autocorrelation Function 2 ACK Acknowledgement 10 AoA Angle of Arrival 2, 10 AoD Angle of Departure 2 AC MIMO Adaptive ate Cooperative MIMO 9 AS Antenna Selection 5 AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise 4,5,6,8 B BCH Broadcast CHannel 1 BEB Binary Exponential Backoff 10 BE Bit Error ate 1,4,6,9,10 BLAS Bell Labs Layered Space ime 1,7 BS Base Stations 1 C CCF Cross Correlation Function 2 CCI Co Channel Interference 1 CDM Code Division Multiplexing 1 CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 4,6 CF Correlation Function 2 CFO Carrier Frequency Offset 4 CI Channel Impulse esponse 6 C MIMO Cooperatiive MIMO 9 CB Cramér ao Bound 4 CLB Cramér ao Lower Bound 4 CSI Channel State Information 1,3,6,8,10 CSMA/MA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance 10 CFs Channel ransfer Functions 7 CS Clear o Send 10 D DAA Digital Adaptive Arrays

2 DCF Distributed Coordination Function 10 DMAC Directional MAC 10 DNAV Directional Network Allocation Vector 10 DOA Direction of Arrival 1,4,10 DOD Direction of Departure 4 DPC Dirty Paper Coding 1 DPSS Discrete Prolate Spheroidal Sequences 6 DS CDMA Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access 4 DSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum 10 D SVD Direct Singular Value Decomposed 1 DA Directional ransmission and eception Algorithm 10 DVB Digital Video Broadcasting 4 DVCS Directional Virtual Carrier Sensing 10 E ECM Expectation Conditional Maximization 4 EGC Equal gain combining receiver 3 EM Expectation Maximization 4 EMEDS Extended Method of Exact Doppler Spread 2 ESPI Estimation of Signal Parameters via otational Invariance echniques 1,4 F FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing 1 FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access 6 FEC Forward Error Correction 1 FF Fast Fourier ransform 4,6 FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum 10 FWA Fixed Wireless Access 1 G GSCM Geometry based Stochastic Channel Models 8 H HiperLAN High Performance adio LAN 4 I I Infra ed 10 ISI Inter Symbol Interference 6,7 ISM Industrial, Scientific, and Medical 10 L LDPC Low Density Parity Check 1 LNA Low Noise Amplifier 5 LPNM L p Norm Method 2 LS Least Square 1,6 230

3 M MAC Medium Access Control 10 MACH Multiple Access CHannel 1 MA MAC MIMO Aware MAC 10 MANE Mobile Ad Hoc Network 10 MBAA Multi Beam Adaptive Array 10 MC CDMA Multi Carrier Code Division Multiple Access 6 ME Maximum Entropy 1 MEA Method of Equal Areas 2 MEDS Method of Exact Doppler Spread 2 MGF moment generating function 5 MIMA MAC Mitigating Interference Using Multiple Antennas MAC 10 MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output 1 10 MISO Multiple Input Single Output 1,3,6,8,9,10 ML Maximum Likelihood 1,4,5,7 MLE Maximum Likelihood Estimation 4,6 MLSE Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimator 6 MMAC Multihop Medium Access Control 10 MMEA Modified Method of Equal Areas 2 MMSE Minimum Mean Square Error 1 MC Maximum atio Combiner 1,3,5 MS Mobile Stations 1 MSE Mean Square Error 4,6 MS Mobile eceiver 2 MS Mobile ransmitter 2 MUSIC Multiple Signal Classification 1,4,10 N NC Neighbor aware Contention esolution Algorithm 10 NCSI No Channel State Information 4 O OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 4,6,7 OSDM Orthogonal Space Division Multiplexing 1 OSBC Orthogonal Space ime Block Codes 3,5,9 P PCA Principal Component Analysis 6 PDA Personal Digital Assistance 10 PN Pseudorandom Noise 4 Q QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation 6 QoS Quality of Service 10 QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying 1 QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying 4 231

4 F adio Frequency 5,9 MSE oot Mean Square Error 4 OMA eceiver Oriented Multiple Access 10 P CSI educed Parameter Channel State Information 6 SSI eceived Signal Strength Indicator 10 S equest o Send 10 eceive 9 S SAGE Space Alternating Generalized Expectation Maximization 4 SC Selection Combining 3 SDMA Spatial Division Multiple Access 6 SD MAC Spatial Diversity for Medium Access Control 10 SE Symbol Error ate 7 SFBC Space Frequency Block Codes 7 SIC Successive Interference Cancellation 7 SIFS Short Inter Frame Space 10 SIMO Single Input Multiple Output 1,3,4,8,10 SIN Signal to Interference plus Noise atio 1 SISO Single Input Single Output 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9 SMLE Specific Maximum Likelihood Estimation 4 SN Signal to Noise atio 1,4,5,6,7,9,10 SPACE MAC Spatial euse Using MIMO Channel Aware MAC 10 S Space ime 3,9 SBC Space ime Block Coding 1,7,9 SC Space ime Coding 1 SC Space ime rellis Codes 1,9 SVD Singular Value Decomposed 1 DM ime Division Multiplexing 1 DMA ime Division Multiple Access 4,6 SBC ime eversal SBC 7 S raining Sequence 4 ransmit 9 U UWB Ultra Wide Band 4 UWB I Ultra Wide Band Infrared 4 V VBLAS Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space ime 4 W WF Water Filling 3,8 WLAN Wireless Local Area Network 1,4,6,10 232

5 WSN Wireless Sensor Network 9 Z ZF Zero Forcing 1 Symbols ( X ) Entropy 3 ( X, Y ) Joint entropy of two variables, X and Y 3 p( x ) Density probability function 3 p( xy, ) Joint density probability function 3 ( X Y ), ( Y X) ( X ; Y ) Mutual information 3 C Instantaneous channel capacity 3 C Average channel capacity 3 C outage Outage channel capacity 3 P ransmission power 3 E S ransmission energy per symbol 3 N 0 Noise spectral density 3 2 n Noise variance 3 P outage Outage probability 3 Signal to noise ratio 3 Mean signal to noise ratio 3 Φ Covariance matrix of a vector x 3 x Conditional entropy of two variables, X and Y 3 H N N channel matrix 3 MIMO Full correlation channel matrix with a size of NN NN 3 eceiving channel matrix with a size of N N 3,8 ransmitting channel matrix with a size of N N 3,8 d Antenna spacing between two antennas 3 adio wavelength 3 Kronecker operator 3 N he number of receiving antennas 3,8 N he number of transmitting antennas 3,8 H (, t ) N N time variant channel matrix 8 H () t N N time unvariant channel matrix 8 H i.i.d random fading matrix 8 W r ransmitting antenna position 8 r eceiving antenna position 8 233

6 ( ) g ransmitting antenna gain at the direction g( ) eceiving antenna gain at the direction 8 8 p ( ) Power angle profiles around transmitter side 8 p ( ) Power angle profiles around receiver side 8 adio wave propagation direction of departure 8 adio wave propagation direction of arrival 8 vec( ) he vector operator converting the columns of a N N matrix 8 into one NN 1 vector unvec( ) he inverse operation of vec( ) 8 Ã Full correlation channel matrix with a size of NN NN 8 v Cross polar ratio for vertical polarization propagation ( XP v ) 8 h Cross polar ratio for vertical polarization propagation ( XP h ) 8 Co polar ratio (CP) 8 r he space polar correlation on receiving antennas 8 t he space polar correlation on transmitting antennas 8 s 1 and s 2 he cross space polar correlations 8 Hadamard product 8 I Mutual information 8 234

Contents at a Glance

Contents at a Glance Preface Acknowledgments V VII Chapter 1 MIMO systems: Multiple Antenna Techniques Yiqing Zhou, Zhengang Pan, Kai-Kit Wong 1 Chapter 2 Modeling of MIMO Mobile-to-Mobile Channels Matthias