DIN. A wave is traveling at 5,000 m/s. It has a wavelength of 10 centimeters. What is the wave s frequency? What is the period of the wave?
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1 3. Wave Speed (v=fλ) and Wave period (T=1/f) problems. DIN 1. EOC Review Problem: Two carts are moving on a horizontal frictionless surface. A 8 kilogram cart is moving to the right at 6 m/s. A second cart with a mass of 12 kilograms is moving to the left at 6 m/s. The carts collide and lock together. What is the magnitude and direction of the momentum of the two carts after the collision? 2. Wave Speed Equation. Review: A wave is traveling at 5,000 m/s. It has a wavelength of 10 centimeters. What is the wave s frequency? What is the period of the wave? 3. Standing Waves Review: There is a standing wave on a 4 meter long string. You observe three (3) nodes (not including the ends of the string). What is the wavelength of the standing wave?
2 Electromagnetic Spectrum
3 Introduction Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you will be able to Describe the main components of the electromagnetic spectrum. State the properties of ALL EM waves. Discuss the role of the respective EM waves and some of their applications.
4 What are Electromagnetic Waves? If you have ever tuned in to listen to a radio, spoken on a handphone, turned on a light, had an X-ray taken, felt the warmth of sun on your skin. You have experienced electromagnetic wave
5 Electromagnetic wave Produced by Simultaneous vibration Electric field Magnetic field Electric field Magnetic field
6 Wavelength of Electromagnetic Waves
7 Hence this is the complete EM wave spectrum (the waves below in ascending order of wavelength; descending order of frequency ) Gamma rays x-rays Ultra-violet ray Visible light Infrared ray Microwave Radio wave Highest f Lowest f Shortest λ Longest λ
8 Properties of EM Wave 1. All electromagnetic waves are transverse wave
9 2. They do not require any medium to travel through (recall: Radiation Infra red is an EM Wave) 3. They travel at the speed of 3x10 8 ms -1 in vacuum (recall: speed of light light is also an EM Wave)
10 4. They can all be reflected or refracted
11 5. They can all be emitted or absorbed by matter
12 6. They all obey the wave equation v =f x λ Where v = speed of wave (m/s) f = frequency of wave (Hz) λ = wavelength (m)
13 7. Their frequencies do not change as they pass from one medium to another. However, both their speed and wavelength will change. v =f x λ
14 8. They carry energy frm one place to another 9. They are all of neutral charge as all of them oscillate with electric and magnetic field perpendicular to each other.
15 Overview of EM waves Waves Longitudinal Waves Transverse Waves Sound waves Electromagnetic Waves Properties Classified into Comprises of Electromagnetic Spectrum Radiowave Infra-Red Ultra-Violet Gamma ray Microwave Light X-ray Applications
16 Gamma rays Gamma rays have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies in the EM spectrum. It is generated by : Changes in energy levels in the nucleus Some radioactive substances and certain nuclear reactions produce gamma rays. Because of their great penetrating ability, gamma rays can cause serious illness. However when used in controlled conditions, gamma rays is useful in cancer treatment.
17 X-rays X rays is generated by : a) Rapid deleceration of fast moving electrons b) Changes in energy of innermost orbital electrons X-rays are used for : diagnostic tool in dentistry and medicine. Doctors and dentists can examine the condition of a person s bones, the root of this teeth or the state of other inner part of the body. Custom officers at airports inspect the content of your luggage using X-rays. Industry wise, it is used to find cracks in structures just like cracks in bones.
18 Both Gamma rays and X- rays can be detected by: a) photographic plates b) ionization chamber c) phosphorescence
19 Ultra-violet The main source of ultra-violet radiation is sunlight and it is this radiation which gives rise to suntan and also sunburn. Ultra-violet radiation is used in hospitals to sterilize the surgical instruments and operating theatres as it kills bacteria and viruses. UV can be detected by: a) Photographic plates b) Photoelectric cell c) Fluorescence
20 Visible Light Visible light is the part of the EM spectrum which can be detected by the human eye. The visible light has its own spectrum which consist of the 7 colours of light : Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet An example of visible light is the colourful laser light or the light from a firework. Some of the uses of light is in optical fibres in medicine and telecommunications.
21 Infra-red waves Heat can be transferred through infrared radiation. We often think of infra red as being the same thing as 'heat', because it makes our skin feel warm. Most of you might have seen infra-red waves in use during the SARS period. (picture on the top right hand corner). It shows a thermo-detector which is placed outside hospitals/airport to identify the warm and cool parts of a person by analyzing infra-red radiation emitted from the person s body. And through this we can see if someone is having a fever. Infra red is useful for: - For navigation through fog & haze as it is less easily scattered compared to visible light - Medical treatment : to warm injured muscles/sports injuries
22 Microwaves One of their most common uses is in microwave ovens. When you switch on a microwave oven, it gives off electromagnetic waves that bounce around inside the oven, penetrating the food. Water molecules in the food absorb the energy from the microwaves, causing the food to get hot. Other uses of microwaves: a) Radar communication (as it is not easily blocked of by buildings/trees) b) Analysis of fine details of molecular and atomic structure c) Useful demonstration of all wave properties on macroscopic scale d) Telephone communication (mobile phones, etc)
23 Radio waves Radio waves are the electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies Like all electromagnetic waves, radio waves can travel through a vacuum. However most of the radio waves we receive have traveled through air. Take the radio as an example. The radio converts the electromagnetic waves into the sound that comes out of the radio speakers. Uses of radio waves: a) Radio and television communication (to transmit sound and picture information over long distance) b) Radar & satellite communication c) Navigation or ships & aircrafts
24 Waves Longitudinal Waves Transverse Waves Sound waves Electromagnetic Waves Properties Classified into Comprises of Electromagnetic Spectrum Radiowave Infra-Red Ultra-Violet Gamma ray Microwave Light X-ray Applications
25 Some tips to help you to remember: EM Spectrum Raja s Mother Is Visiting Uncle Xavier s Garden Radio wave Micro wave Infra-red Rays Visible light Ultra-violet ray X-rays Gamma rays Visible Light Spectrum Run Off You Girls Boys In View red orange yellow green blue indigo violet
26 Congratulations! You ve completed the ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES lesson
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