Globe Academy Science Department P1 GCSE Core Science Homework Booklet Summer 1 Contents: Feedback/ Marking. Date Set. Due. 1 Electrical Energy

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1 Globe Academy Science Department P1 GCSE Core Science Homework Booklet Summer 1 Contents: Topic 1 Electrical Energy Date Set Date Due Feedback/ Marking 2 Renewable Energy Resources MID-TERM ASSESSMENT NOTES 3 Measuring the Speed of Waves ASSESSMENT REVISION NOTES 4 Electromagnetic Radiation Summary 5 The Expanding Universe Look after this booklet. You will need to pay for a replacement. Name:

2 Dear Parents and Carers, Important Message for Parents and Carers The teachers of Globe Academy believe that Home Learning is an integral part of developing every student and ensuring that they reach their academic potential. Home Learning is important because it is point where school and home come together. It serves as a window through which you can observe your children s education and express positive attitudes towards your children about their education and progress. As children grow older, homework and the amount of time engaged in homework, increases in importance. For Globe Academy staff, homework is an opportunity to provide additional academic instruction and further extend your child s learning. The benefits of Home Learning for you and your child are as follows: (1) Practice and participation in home learning tasks can improve your child s achievement. (2) When homework is completed accurately and to a good standard, not only will your child s general knowledge and grades improve but your child will also increase their mastery of basic academic skills, such as reading, writing, spelling and mathematics, something Globe Academy is committed to. (3) Your child s ability to bring an assignment home, gather and organise necessary materials to complete the assignment, return the assignment and receive a level/grade, strengthens his or her sense of personal responsibility for their learning. (4) Time management skills are learned and developed. (5) Further, when homework proceeds smoothly it can become (4) a positive aspect of your relationship with your child. (6) Home Learning offers schools an opportunity to let parents know what their children are learning and keeps parents informed about work being studied and completed in class time. (7) Home Learning helps the Academy achieve their overall mission of improving your child s achievement. (8) Homework is the bridge that joins schools and parents. For parents there is the potential to gain a greater appreciation of your child s education and achievement.

3 For these valid reasons we are asking that parents/carers work with us to ensure that your child completes their homework. Your child will receive a homework booklet for each subject and we ask that all parents/carers ensure that the tasks in this booklet are completed on time and to a high standard. Together we can improve your child s progress and attainment. Please sign below to confirm your agreement to support Globe Academy by checking and ensuring your child completes their Home Learning Tasks each week. In addition please sign and comment if necessary, the Homework Record sheets also in this booklet. Thank you in advance for your support. Do not hesitate to contact me with any queries or comments about Home Learning at Globe Academy. Kind Regards Ms. C. Fernandes (Vice Principal) Name of Student: Learning Family: Name of Parent/Carer: I agree to ensure that my child completes all the Home Learning Tasks in this booklet on time and to a high standard. Signature of Parent/Carer: Date:

4 Home Learning Record After completing each Home Learning task please complete the record boxes below. Task Details: Student signature/comment: Deadline date: Parent signature/comment: Date completed: Teacher signature/comment: Task Details: Student signature/comment: Deadline date: Parent signature/comment: Date completed: Teacher signature/comment:

5 Home Learning Record After completing each Home Learning task please complete the record boxes below. Task Details: Student signature/comment: Deadline date: Parent signature/comment: Date completed: Teacher signature/comment: Task Details: Student signature/comment: Deadline date: Parent signature/comment: Date completed: Teacher signature/comment:

6 Home Learning Record After completing each Home Learning task please complete the record boxes below. Task Details: Student signature/comment: Deadline date: Parent signature/comment: Date completed: Teacher signature/comment: Task Details: Student signature/comment: Deadline date: Parent signature/comment: Date completed: Teacher signature/comment:

7 Homework 1: Electrical Energy EASY: Name e.g. mass Energy Symbol e.g. m Units e.g. kilograms Unit Symbol e.g. kg Power Time MEDIUM: 1. Calculate the energy if the power is 30W and the time is 120s. Energy = Power x time E = Pt 2. Calculate the energy if the time is 2 minutes and the power is 50W. 3. Work out the power if the energy is 1200J and the time is 12s. 4. Calculate the power if the time is 30s and the energy is 9000J 5. Calculate the time if the energy is 2000J and the power is 25W. Independent Learning: Work out the energy of an electrical applicance you use at home. You should be able to spot the power in Watts on HARD: Explain in sentences how to rearrange the P=Et equation. the plug or the device. Time how long it is on for and then use the E=Pt equation.

8 Homework 2: Renewable Energy Resources Write a scientific report about renewable energy. Use the success criteria to help. Grade C: Grade B: Grade A: Explain what renewable energy is. List the names of some renewable energy types. Explain why renewable energy is needed (discuss problems with nonrenewables, like fossil fuels and nuclear power). Explain the advantages and disadvantages of four types of renewable energy. Weigh up the pros and cons of renewable energy. State a conclusion giving your opinion on what type of energy source is best. moment. Check out the Deportment for Independent Learning: Find about what the government are saying about energy at the Energy and Climate Change website: partment-of-energy-climate-change

9 MIDTERM ASSESSMENT PREPARATION NOTES Next lesson you will be doing your mid-term assessment about the national grid and how electricity is distributed around the UK. Read this information to help you prepare for the lesson.

10 Homework 3: Measuring the Speed of Waves GRADE D:Circle the correct word. 1.The distance between the same point on two adjacent oscillations is the wave amplitude wavelength 2.The distance from the top of the wave to the rest position is the wave amplitude wavelength GRADE C: 3.True or false - the speed of a wave depends upon the a)the frequency of the wave. b)the amplitude of the wave. c)the medium (substance) that the wave is travelling through. GRADE B/A: 4. What is the wave equation? Give the units of all of the quantities: = x 5.Use the equation to calculate: a)the speed of a wave on a piece of string of wavelength 2 m and frequency 0.25 Hz. b)the wavelength of a water wave, produced by a frequency of 4 Hz, travelling at 0.1 m/s. c)the frequency of a radio wave with a wavelength of m travelling at 300,000,000 m/s. Independent Learning: Read more about the anatomy of a wave. Visit: ves/u10l2a.cfm

11 ASSESSMENT REVISION NOTES Use these revision pages to help you revise for your assessment, which will be an exam on the whole of Physics so far. Infrared radiation a) All objects emit and absorb infrared radiation (heat). b) The hotter an object is the more infrared radiation it radiates in a given time. c) Dark, matt surfaces are good absorbers and good emitters of infrared radiation. d) Light, shiny surfaces are poor absorbers and poor emitters, but good reflectors of infrared radiation. Kinetic theory a) Particles in solids have little energy, liquids have more, and gas particles have the most energy. b) When a liquid evaporates, energy is taken by the particles turning into gas so the liquids cools down. Condensation (when a gas goes to a liquid) is the opposite. Question Box: 1. What kind of surfaces are best at absorbing and emitting heat? 2. What kind of surfaces are worst at absorbing and emitting heat? 3. What kind of surfaces are best at reflecting? 4. Why does sweating cool down when it evaporates? 5. What happens to the energy in particles when particles condense?

12 Energy transfer by heating a) CONDUCTION: is how heat is transferred in solids. The heat moves by particles vibrating and bumping into the particles next to each other. In metals, electrons are free to move around and carry the energy. b) CONVECTION: is how heat travels in fluids (gases and liquids). It works like this 1. Cold air near the heat source (flame or radiator or heater) heats up 2. This air gets less dense and rises up 3. Away from the heat source, this source cools and becomes more dense 4. This more dense air sinks 5. And it starts again... (this is called a convection current) c) The rate (speed) at which an object transfers heat energy depends on: surface area the material it s made from the type of surface (shiny, black, white etc) d) The bigger the temperature difference between an object and its surroundings, the faster the rate that heat energy is transferred. Question Box: 1. What is conduction and how does it work? 2. Explain how convection works using the words dense and convection current. 3. What three factors affect how quickly heat is transferred from a surface? 4. How does the difference in temperature between two surfaces affect how quickly heat is transferred between them?

13 Energy transfers and efficiency a) The law of conservation of energy: Energy can be transferred but cannot be created or destroyed. b) When energy is transferred, only part of it may be usefully transferred; the rest is wasted, usually as heat or sound. c) To calculate the efficiency of a device using: efficiency = useful energy out x 100% total energy in Heating and insulating buildings a) The lower the U-value, the better the material is as an insulator. b) Solar panels may contain water that is heated by radiation from the Sun. This water may then be used to heat buildings or provide domestic hot water. Material U-value in W/m 2 o C 0.6 Double brick cavity wall with cavity insulation Single glazed window 5.6 Double glazed window 3 Tiled roof 2.2 Insulated roof 0.5 c) The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy required to change the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree Celsius. E = m x c x σ E= heat energy (J), m= mass (kg) c= heat capacity (J/kgºC), σ = temp change ºC Question Box: 1. What is the law of conservation of energy? 2. How is energy usually wasted in an energy transfer? 3. What is the equation for energy efficiency? 4. What does the U-value tell you about a material? 5. What is the equation for specific heat capacity and what do the letters mean?

14 Transferring Energy a) Energy types: b) The amount of energy an appliance transfers depends on how long the appliance is switched on and its power. c) To calculate the amount of energy transferred from the mains using: E = P x t E = energy (J), P = power (W), t = time (s) d) You can calculate the cost of mains electricity given the cost per kilowatt-hour. total cost = number of kilowatt-hours used x cost per kwh The National Grid a) Electricity is distributed from power stations to consumers along the National Grid. b) Step-up transformersincrease the voltage to reduce energy loss in the wires as electricity leaves the power station. Step down transformers reduce the voltage to make it safe to use in homes Question Box: 1. Look at the picture. What are the main types of energy? 2. What is the equation for the amount of energy used by an appliance (like a kettle)? 3. How do you calculate the total cost of using an appliance? 4. What is the National Grid? 5. How are transformers used in the National Grid?

15 Generating electricity a) In a power station, something is used to heat up water for example: the fossil fuels (coal, oil and gas) which are burned to heat water or air uranium and plutonium, when energy from nuclear reactions is used to heat water biofuels that can be burned to heat water. The steam produced drives a turbine that turns an electrical generator. b) Tidal power, wave and wind can be used to turn turbines too. c) Electricity can be produced directly from the Sun s radiation (solar cells). d) Geothermal energy: In some volcanic areas hot water and steam rise to the surface. The steam is used to drive turbines. e) Energy resources have disadvantages: Fossil fuels and geothermal the release gases into the atmosphere (e.g. CO 2 ) Nuclear radioactive waste given off All power stations, wind, solar, wave noise and visual pollution Hydroelectric, wind the destruction of wildlife habitats Question Box: 1. Name six things that can be used to heat up the water in a power station. 2. Describe the next steps in the power station after the water is heated. 3. Name four, renewable, energy resources that can also be used to turn turbines. 4. Describe some advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuels, geothermal power, nuclear, wind, solar, wave and hydroelectric power.

16 General properties of waves a) Waves transfer energy without transferring matter. b) Transverse waves: the vibration is at 90º to the direction of the wave (e.g. electromagnetic waves, earthquake shockwaves). Longitudinal waves: the vibration is in the same direction as the wave (e.g. sound waves, earthquake shockwaves).the pitch of a sound is determined by its frequency and loudness by its amplitude. c) All types of electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed through a vacuum (space). The electromagnetic waves form a continuous spectrum. Radio waves, microwaves, infra red and visible light can be used for communication. c) Waves can be reflected, refracted and diffracted. Reflection: REFLECTION: waves bouncing off and changing direction. Echoes are reflections of sounds. REFRACTION: a change of direction and speed at an interface between two materials DIFFRACTION: when waves spread out after going through a gap d) All waves obey the wave equation: v = f x λ(v = speed in m/s, f = frequency in Hz, λ = wavelength in m) Question Box: 1. What is the definition of a wave? 2. Describe the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves. Give examples of both. 3. Name the three things waves can do. Describe what each one is. 4. What is the wave equation? Say the units for each of the quantities in the equation.

17 Homework 4: Electromagnetic Radiation Summary Use the information here to answer the questions on the next page. The electromagnetic spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum is a continuous range of wavelengths of radiation. Visible light is just one type of electromagnetic radiation. There are various types of electromagnetic radiation, some with longer wavelengths than visible light and some withshorter wavelengths than visible light. The main types of electromagnetic radiation energy frequency wavelength type of electromagnetic radiation typical use lowest lowest longest radio waves television signals microwaves infrared visible light ultraviolet X-rays cooking, mobile phones optical fibre communication seeing detecting forged bank notes medical images of bones highest highest shortest gamma radiation killing cancer cells Radio waves have the lowest frequencies and longest wavelengths, while gamma waves have highest frequencies and shortest wavelengths. Communicating with waves: radio waves and microwaves Radio wavesradio waves are used to transmit television and radio programmes. Television uses higher frequencies than radio. A radio programme receiver does not need to be directly in view of the transmitter to receive programme signals. Diffraction allows low-frequency radio waves to be received behind hills, although repeater stations are often used to improve the quality of the signals. The lowest frequency radio waves are also reflected from an electrically charged layer of the upper atmosphere, called the ionosphere. This means that they can still reach receivers that are not in the line of sight because of the curvature of the Earth's surface. Microwaves and radio waves in the atmosphere MicrowavesMicrowave radiation can also be used to transmit signals such as mobile phone calls. Microwave transmitters and receivers on buildings and masts communicate with the mobile telephones in their range. Some people think that mobile phones, which transmit and receive microwaves, may be a health risk. This is not accepted by everyone, as the intensity of the microwaves is too low to damage tissues by heating, and microwaves are not ionising. Certain microwave radiation wavelengths pass through the Earth's atmosphere and can be used to transmit information to and from satellites in orbit. Satellite television signals use microwaves.

18 Answer Page for Homework 4 GRADE E: Name some types of electromagnetic radiation. Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the lowest frequency? Which type of radiation has the highest wavelength? GRADE D: What is the electromagnetic spectrum? Describe some uses of different types of electromagnetic radiation. GRADE C: Explain how microwaves and radio waves are used. GRADE B: Evaluate the health dangers of microwaves. GRADE A: Explain why you do not need to be directly in the path of the radio or TV transmitter to still receive a signal. Independent Learning: Create a revision poster all about the electromagnetic spectrum. Include the uses, wavelengths, frequency and dangers of the different types of radiation.

19 Homework 5: The Expanding Universe EASY What is the trend (pattern) shown by this graph? Why are the distances between galaxies measured in light years, not metres? MEDIUM: Explain what the big bang theory is. Scientists believe the universe is expanding. Name the two pieces of evidence they have found that tells us the universe is expanding. HARD Explain what these two pieces of evidence are and why they tell us that the universe is expanding.

20 Independent Learning: Scientists need your help! You can take part in a real science investigation by looking at galaxies on the Galaxy Zoo website ( and helping scientists decide what type of galaxies they are. Good luck!