Transformer Book page Syllabus
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1 Transformer Book page Syllabus cgrahamphysics.com 2015
2 How well do you know your performers? Optimus prime Drift Bumblebee Step down transformer cgrahamphysics.com 2015 Step up transformer
3 Create a mind map about everything you remember about transformer Transformers - YouTube [720p].mp4 cgrahamphysics.com 2015
4 Aim Understand how transformers work and perform transformer calculations Explain why values from equations are just an approximation Key words Transformer Core Step up and step down Primary and secondary coil cgrahamphysics.com 2015
5 Linking circuits with magnetism 5 of 32 Boardworks Ltd 2012
6 How does a transformer work? Transformer Animation - YouTube [720p].mp4 cgrahamphysics.com 2015
7 Transformers Power can be transferred between circuits using two coils wound around a soft iron core. This is called a transformer. The alternating current in the primary (input) coil produces an alternating magnetic field. iron core This alternating magnetic field induces an alternating current in the secondary (output) coil. This is the circuit symbol for a transformer: primary coil secondary coil
8 Primary side how it works A transformer links two circuits together. To understand how it works, it is important to look at each side separately. The primary side is simply an electromagnet. By passing an electric current through a coil of wire, it makes a magnetic field, A direct current makes one end of the iron north, and the other end south. It also causes a potential difference between the ends of the coil. + N S
9 Secondary side how it works The secondary side coil is not connected directly to the primary side or any power supply. The secondary side works using electromagnetic induction. When the magnetic field is perpendicular to the secondary coil and changes, a current is induced in the coil. When there is an alternating current in the primary side, the magnetic field around the transformer alternates. This induces an alternating current in the secondary side coil, and a potential difference across it. +
10 Parts of a transformer
11 Using a transformer to change voltage The voltage induced in the secondary (output) coil depends on the number of turns on the primary and secondary coils. A step-up transformer has more turns on the secondary coil and so increases voltage. A step-down transformer has fewer turns on the secondary coil and so decreases voltage.
12 Properties of transformers Transformers transfer power between circuits. The design of a transformer determines the characteristics of the electricity flowing in its secondary circuit. The frequency of the alternating current in the secondary circuit matches the primary circuit In an ideal transformer, the voltage in each circuit is related to the number of coils on each side by the following formula: primary voltage secondary voltage = primary turns secondary turns V p V s = N p N s
13 Step-up transformers Step-up transformers increase the voltage. The secondary coil has more turns than the primary coil. Since there are more turns, a larger potential difference is generated across the secondary coil. N S V s = V p N P + ratio greater than 1 +
14 Step-down transformers Step-down transformers decrease the voltage. The secondary coil has fewer turns than the primary coil. Since there are fewer turns, a smaller potential difference is generated across the secondary coil. V s = N S N P V p + + ratio less than 1
15 Example question A transformer has 400 turns on the primary coil and 200 on the secondary. If the primary voltage is 300v, what will the secondary voltage be? Given V S =? V P = 300V N S = 200 N P = 400 Solution: V S = = 150V 400
16 Example question A transformer has 175 turns on the primary coil and 525 on the secondary. If the secondary voltage is 300v, what will the primary voltage be? Given: V S = 300V V P =? N S = 525 N P = 175 Solution V P V S = N P N S V P = N P N S x V S V P = 175 x300 = 100V 525
17 How transformers work 1. The alternating current in the primary coil makes the iron core into an electromagnetic 2. As the current is alternating, the magnetic field moves and also changes direction 3. This moving magnetic field causes a current to be induced in the secondary coil 4. If the number of coils on the secondary is higher, the potential difference will increase and it is a step-up transformer 5. If the number of coils on the secondary is lower, the potential difference will decrease and it is a step-down transformer
18 Transformer power Transformers not only change voltage; they change current. For example, if the voltage increases, such as in a step-up transformer, the current decreases. This is because for any transformer: and: power in = power out power = voltage current this gives: V p I p = V s I s V s V p + + I p I s
19 Transformer power example A transformer has a primary voltage of 1,000 V and a primary current of 0.5 A. If the secondary circuit has a current of 0.01 A flowing, what is the secondary voltage? Vp Ip = Vs Is Vs = = Vp 1,000 V Ip Is 0.5 A 0.01 A V s V p + + I s = 50,000 V I p
20 Example question A transformer has a primary voltage of 30v and a primary current of 2A. If the secondary voltage is 15v, what will the secondary current be? Given: V P = 30V V S = 15V I P = 2A I S =? More or less current? Solution I S = V PxI P V S I S = 30x2 15 = 4A
21 Example question A transformer has a primary current of 10A. If the secondary voltage is 2v and the secondary current is 20A, what will the primary voltage be? Given: V P =? V S = 2V I P = 10A I S =20A Solution V P = V SxI S I P V P = = 4V Curarent increases step-down transformer
22 Calculating voltage
23 Power loss in wires Wires have resistance, so there is a power lost in the form of heat when current flows through them: power loss = current 2 resistance P = I 2 R power is measured in watts (W) current is measured in amps (A) resistance is measured in ohms (Ω). When transmitting electricity, how does a transformer help to minimize the power lost?
24 Multiple-choice quiz
25 Key words Transformer - an apparatus for reducing or increasing the voltage of an alternating current. Core made of magnetic material to allow electromagnetic induction in secondary coil Step up and step down increases or decreases the output voltage or current Primary and secondary coil Secondary coil is the output voltage. Primary coil is the input voltage cgrahamphysics.com 2015
Book pg Syllabus
Book pg. 193 194 Syllabus 6.17 6.20 www.cgrahamphysics.com Transformers - YouTube [720p].mp4 Not me a real transformer www.cgrahamphysics.com Understand how transformers work ALL State the func,on of step
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