LONG ISLAND POWER AUTHORITY INTERCONNECTION GUIDE FOR INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCERS

Transcription

1 LONG ISLAND POWER AUTHORITY INTERCONNECTION GUIDE FOR INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCERS LIPA CUSTOMER KWH OUT KWH IN PULSES Part 1: Control and Protection Requirements for Independent Power Producers Part 2: Revenue Metering Requirements for Independent Power Producers Appendix A: Photovoltaic Interconnection Standards for Residential Solar Electric Power Producing Facilities of 10 kw or Less T:\projectmgmt\interconnectguide\tabcont.wpd

2 LIPA Interconnection Guide for Independent Power Producers Table of Contents Page Part 1 - LIPA Control and Protection Requirements for Independent Power Producers I. Transmission Interconnections...1-I-1 I. Introduction...1-I-2 II. Generating Criteria...1-I- III. General Requirements...1-I-5 IV. Control & Protection Requirements...1-I-7 V. Maintenance & Operating Requirements...1-I-1 Appendix A...1-I-16 Drawing I-17 Drawing I-18 Drawing...1-I-19 Drawing I-20 Appendix B...1-I-21 Appendix C...1-I-22 Appendix D...1-I-2 Appendix E...1-I-9 Appendix F...1-I-40 II. Primary Distribution Interconnections...1-II-1 I. Introduction...1-II-2 II. Generating Criteria...1-II- III. General Requirements...1-II-5 IV. Control & Protection Requirements...1-II-7 V. Maintenance & Operating Requirements...1-II-1 VI. Classification of Producer Generator Installations...1-II-15 Appendix A...1-II-17 Drawing II-18 Drawing II-19 Drawing...1-II-20 Appendix B...1-II-21 Appendix C...1-II-22 Appendix D...1-II-2 Appendix E...1-II-26 Appendix F...1-II-27 i T:\projectmgmt\interconnectguide\tabcont.wpd

3 LIPA Interconnection Guide for Independent Power Producers Table of Contents (Continued)... III. Secondary Distribution Interconnections I-III-1 I. Introduction...1-III-2 II. Generating Criteria...1-III-2 III. General Requirements...1-III-4 IV. Control & Protection Requirements...1-III-6 V. Maintenance & Operating Requirements...1-III-8 Appendix A...1-III-10 Appendix B...1-III-11 Appendix C...1-III-12 Appendix D...1-III-1 Appendix A - LIPA Photovoltaic Interconnect Standards for Residential Solar Electric Power Producing Facilities of 10kw or Less 1. Design Requirements Manual Disconnect Device...2. Dedicated Distribution Transformer Network Application Power Producing Facility Performance Testing and Maintenance... Part 2 - LIPA Revenue Metering Requirements for Independent Power Producers I. Transmission Interconnections...2-I-1 I. Introduction...2-I-2 II. Generating Requirements...2-I-2 III. Equipment Requirements...2-I- IV. Maintenance & Operations Requirements...2-I-8 II. Primary Distribution Interconnections...2-II-1 I. Introduction...2-II-2 II. General Requirements...2-II-2 III. Equipment Requirements...2-II- IV. Maintenance & Operations Requirements...2-II-9 III. Secondary Distribution Interconnections...2-III-1 I. Introduction...2-III-2 II. General Requirements...2-III-2 III. Equipment Requirements...2-III- IV. Maintenance & Operations Requirements...2-III-8 ii T:\projectmgmt\interconnectguide\tabcont.wpd

4 LONG ISLAND POWER AUTHORITY CONTROL AND PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCERS TRANSMISSION INTERCONNECTIONS 1 - I - 1

5 I. Introduction This document provides the minimum control and protection requirements for safe and effective operation of an Independent Power Producer interconnection to the Long Island Power Authority (LIPA) transmission system. The term "Independent Power Producer" (Producer) refers to generating systems owned by individuals, companies, or agencies, other than LIPA, within the LIPA franchised service area. It is emphasized that these requirements are general and may not cover all details in specific cases. All Producers operating generators rated 10 MVA or greater must adhere to the requirements outlined in this document. All Producers operating generators rated MVA or greater in 4 kv distribution areas must also adhere to the requirements outlined in this document. LIPA shall evaluate each installation to determine the maximum Producer MVA which can be connected to the LIPA system at a particular location without exceeding the load carrying capability, fault duty, and interrupting capability of the LIPA equipment. Control and protection requirements as well as specific electrical requirements for parallel operation with the LIPA system are provided for transmission interconnections of synchronous generators. Should a Producer desire to interconnect induction generators and D.C. generators with inverters to LIPA's transmission system, then engineering studies shall be performed, at Producer's expense, to determine specific interconnection requirements. In Appendix D, is an application form to be used by the Producer and LIPA to document the specific characteristics of the installation. This application shall be coordinated by LIPA's Independent Power Management group. All Producers with generation rated at or above 100 MW must be approved by the New York Power Pool (NYPP) Planning Committee. Responsibility for protection of the Producer's generating system against possible damage resulting from parallel operation lies with the Producer. The LIPA transmission lines have automatic instantaneous reclosing with a dead time as short as 12 cycles. It is the Producer's responsibility to protect its equipment from being reconnected out-of-synchronism with the LIPA system after automatic reclosing of a LIPA circuit breaker. It is also the Producer's responsibility to protect its equipment from these reclosures. The Producer shall provide high speed protective relaying to remove its equipment from the utility circuit prior to the automatic reclosure. 1 - I - 2

6 II. Generating Criteria It is the policy of LIPA to permit any applicant, qualified under Section , paragraphs (a) and (b) of Title 18 of the Code of Federal Regulations, to operate generating equipment in parallel with the LIPA electric system whenever such operation can take place without adversely affecting other LIPA customers, the general public, LIPA equipment and LIPA personnel. To minimize this interference, the Producer's generation shall meet the following criteria: A. Voltage The Producer's generating equipment shall produce voltages within 5% of nominal when operating in parallel with the LIPA system. (Nominal voltages on the LIPA transmission system are 45, 18, 69, 4.5, and 25.6 kv). The Producer shall provide an automatic means of disconnecting its generating equipment from LIPA's facilities within one second if the voltage cannot be maintained within 10% of the above nominal voltages. B. Flicker The Producer shall not cause voltage variations on the LIPA system exceeding those defined on the Border Line of Visibility in Appendix E - Voltage Flicker Curves. C. Frequency The Producer shall provide an automatic means of disconnecting its generating equipment from LIPA's facilities for over and under frequency situations. No under frequency tripping shall take place between 60.0 Hz and 58.0 Hz. The equipment must be disconnected within 0.5 seconds for a frequency of 60.5 Hz and within 1.0 second for a frequency of 58.0 Hz to coordinate with New York Power Pool (NYPP) load shedding requirements. The Producer must also meet the Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) frequency criteria. 1 - I -

7 D. Harmonics The total harmonic voltage or current distortion created by a Producer-owned generator must not exceed 5% of the fundamental 60 Hz voltage or current waveform. Any single harmonic shall not exceed % of the fundamental frequency. Where: h % Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) = i=2 h 1 i 2 x100 While a Single Component % Distortion = hi h x100 1 hi = The magnitude of the ith harmonic of either voltage or current. hl = the magnitude of the fundamental voltage or current. E. Power Factor Synchronous generators produce or absorb VARS such that the power factor at the delivery point (location of LIPA's revenue metering equipment) is between 0.90 and 1.0 leading or 0.90 and 1.0 lagging. LIPA's system operator may request Producer to adjust the power factor at the delivery point, within the above stated limits. F. External Fault and Line Clearing For interconnections at voltages up to and including 69 kv, the Producer shall be responsible for disconnecting its generating equipment from the LIPA system within 6 cycles of the occurrence of a fault on the LIPA transmission system using its primary relaying. Backup relaying must clear this fault in 18 cycles. The Producer shall be responsible for disconnecting its generating equipment from the LIPA system within 4 cycles of the occurrence of a fault on the LIPA 18 kv transmission system using dual primary relaying. The short circuit currents on the transmission system are available from LIPA on request. 1 - I - 4

8 III. General Requirements Producer generators shall be connected to the transmission system rated 2 kv and above. This connection can be made at the LIPA substation or at a point on a transmission line. A substation connection shall require a dedicated circuit breaker. A system or bus configuration could require more than one dedicated circuit breaker. All dedicated circuit breakers shall be sized to meet the voltage, load current, and short circuit interrupting requirements at the substation (Refer to Appendix A). A connection to a point on a transmission line shall require the installation of a substation at the point of connection. The substation shall have at least two circuit breakers equipped with high speed line relaying as specified by LIPA. Three terminal line configurations are not acceptable. LIPA shall evaluate and analyze each proposed installation prior to accepting any interconnection configuration. Each Independent Power Producer facility which is to be operated in parallel with the LIPA system shall submit its control and protection designs to LIPA for review and acceptance. The specific design requirements of the protection system depend on the generator type, size, and other site specific considerations. The Producer shall meet LIPA's Rules and Regulations for Electric Installation ("Red Book"; latest revision) and all local and municipal codes. To eliminate unnecessary costs and delays, a facility substation one-line drawing and relay functional diagram(s) should be submitted to LIPA for acceptance prior to the commencement of construction and ordering of equipment. Seven (7) copies of the following must be submitted by the Producer: A. Substation one-line drawing. B. Relay functional diagram showing all current transformer (CT) and potential transformer (PT) circuits, relay connections, and protective control circuits. All interconnections with LIPA's circuits should be clearly labeled (See Appendix F for an example of an acceptable relay functional). C. Three line AC schematic diagrams of transmission lines, transformers and bus relay protection. D. Interconnection breaker AC and DC schematics. E. Protective relay equipment list including manufacturer model number, relay ranges, manufacturer's bulletins, curves and proposed settings. 1 - I - 5

9 F. Generator, transformer, and breaker nameplate information including generator transient, subtransient, and synchronous impedances and transformer positive and zero sequence impedances. G. Producer generator protection scheme. H. Interconnection breaker speed curve. I. All drawings should incorporate LIPA's requirements for name and number description of the major equipment (switches, breakers, etc.). If the Producer installs equipment without prior written acceptance of the equipment by LIPA, it shall be done at the Producer's own risk. The Producer shall be solely responsible for all costs associated with the replacement of any equipment that has not been accepted by LIPA. Final acceptance of the interconnection by LIPA will be contingent upon LIPA's acceptance of all of the facility's interconnection equipment. If the Producer makes changes in the design of the project, any previous information furnished by LIPA shall be subject to review and possible changes. At the completion of construction, functional tests of all protective equipment shall be performed by a qualified testing company acceptable to LIPA, and LIPA reserves the right to witness such tests. If these tests are successful, and the protective relay settings have been correctly applied, LIPA shall permit the interconnection to be energized. To accomplish the interconnection and to provide for continuing operations in a safe, economical and efficient manner, LIPA shall prepare and deliver Operating Instructions to the Producer prior to interconnecting the facility. The Operating Instructions shall include but not be limited to, defining requirements for: A. Maintaining proper voltage and frequency and for putting into effect voltage changes as required from time to time. B. Phasing and synchronizing the facility and LIPA's system (if a synchronous generator). C. Taking transmission lines out of service for maintenance during a system emergency or system pre-emergency conditions and restoring such lines to service. D. Controlling the flow of real and reactive power. 1 - I - 6

10 E. Periodic maintenance of the interconnection circuit breaker and related facilities. F. Procedure for communication between electrical operations personnel of the Producer and LIPA. The Producer shall also ensure the availability of a telephone handset for use by LIPA personnel during testing and maintenance of the Producer's equipment. The Producer shall be required to have a qualified testing company acceptable to LIPA, perform maintenance, trip tests, and recalibration tests on its protective relaying devices once every two (2) years. A copy of the test results shall be sent to LIPA for review, comment, and acceptance, no later than five (5) working days after completion of tests. IV. Control and Protection Requirements A. Engineering Studies Engineering studies shall be performed by LIPA to determine the exact electrical configuration of the interconnection installation and to identify any required additions, changes, or modifications to the LIPA system. Major equipment requirements such as circuit breakers and special protective relaying shall also be studied. Items requiring investigation are as follows: 1. Equipment short circuit duty. 2. Impact on electric system stability.. Breaker Failure requirements. 4. Deadline Operating restraints. 5. VAR requirements for induction generators. 6. MVA limitations of generation because of location on the LIPA system. 7. Protective relay coordination for three phase and line to ground faults on the LIPA system and the Producer's generator installation. 1 - I - 7

11 B. Equipment Requirements The following requirements apply to the interconnection equipment of all generators operating in parallel with the LIPA transmission system: 1. All additions or changes required to protective relay and control equipment on the LIPA system shall be installed by LIPA at the Producer's expense. All additions or changes to relay and control equipment required at the point of interconnection shall be paid for and installed by the Producer. 2. The Producer shall be solely responsible for synchronizing its generator(s) with the LIPA system.. All Producer-owned generators shall be isolated from the LIPA system by means of an isolating transformer. All installations shall have a wye grounded/delta or a wye grounded/delta/wye transformer with the wye grounded winding configuration on the LIPA side. See Appendix B for the technical explanation of this requirement. A ground fault current limiting neutral reactor shall be installed if required by LIPA. 4. LIPA shall install, own, control, operate and maintain (at the Producer's expense) a visible manual load break or motor-operated disconnecting device on LIPA's side of the point(s) of interconnection. Devices shall be capable of being padlocked. 5. A SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) purchased by LIPA, and paid for by the Producer, shall be required at each generating site. The RTU shall provide LIPA with supervisory trip control of the interconnection breaker(s). It shall also provide telemetry of key operating parameters of the Producer's facility which shall include, but not be limited to: a. Status indication of interconnection breaker(s), generator breaker(s), and all other devices that are in series with these breakers. b. Status indication of various alarms such as loss of DC to interconnection breaker(s), loss of DC to RTU, loss of AC to RTU battery charger, loss of relaying communication channel, etc. c. Analog telemetry of current, voltage, watts, VARS, power factor for all interconnection breakers. 1 - I - 8

12 d. Pulse accumulation of MWHR (in/out) and MVARHR (in/out) for the facility. The location of the RTU shall depend on the proximity of the Producer to the LIPA interconnecting substation. The Producer shall not be allowed to operate in parallel if the RTU or its associated lease line is out of service. The RTU shall be maintained and repaired by LIPA at the Producer's expense. All costs for additional hardware and software for LIPA's mainframe supervisory computer that are necessary for its interconnection shall be charged to the Producer. Whether the RTU is purchased by the Producer or by LIPA (at the Producer's expense), it shall be delivered to LIPA for testing and programming. At this time, loss of DC/AC relays, fuses, and various terminal blocks will be installed within the RTU cabinet by LIPA at the Producer's expense. The Producer shall make provisions adjacent to the supervisory control cabinet (Appendix C) to terminate the supervisory control four (4) wire dedicated telephone lease line(s) on double pole double throw open blade cut off switch(es). The lease line shall be ordered by LIPA. Installation, maintenance and subsequent monthly charges shall be charged to the Producer. 6. All Producers shall provide an interconnection breaker on LIPA's side of their isolation transformer. The breaker shall be located in the Producer's substation. A disconnecting device, controlled by LIPA, shall be installed at the Producer's expense in the LIPA substation or at the point of interconnection with the LIPA system. If the Producer's substation is adjacent to LIPA's, this device shall be a motor operated switch. If the Producer's substation is located more than 100 feet away from LIPA's substation, then this device must be a circuit breaker with a disconnect switch. 1 - I - 9

13 7. The Producer shall be responsible for tripping its interconnection breaker if a fault occurs on the electric facilities serving its installation, thereby disconnecting its generation and isolating transformer as a source of fault current within 6 cycles after the occurrence of a fault for interconnections up to and including 69 kv, and within 4 cycles after the occurrence of a fault for 18 kv interconnections. Whenever the LIPA supply is deenergized, the Producer's interconnection breaker shall be tripped by voltage and/or frequency relays and transfer tripped from LIPA's interconnection substation. The interconnection breaker shall be automatically locked out and prevented from closing into a de-energized or partially de-energized (loss of one phase) LIPA system. The interconnection breaker close circuit shall include a synch check and an over/under voltage permissive contact to prevent closing the breaker when unfavorable voltage conditions exist. 8. The following are the minimum relay requirements for the interconnection breaker: a. Directional phase impedance and directional ground overcurrent relaying is required if the Producer is more than 1000 feet from a LIPA substation. If the Producer is less than 1000 feet from a LIPA substation, a bus differential scheme is required. In either case, the relay CTs must be on the generator's side of the interconnection breaker. LIPA shall specify the relays and differential CT ratios to be used by the Producer. Transmission line relaying shall include one primary relaying system for 69 kv inter-connections and dual primary relaying systems for 18 kv interconnections. These primary relaying systems (differential or pilot) and the communications medium shall be determined by LIPA. b. Back-up phase overcurrrent relays (one per phase) with instantaneous and time delay elements are required as well as one ground overcurrent relay with instantaneous and time delay elements connected on the transformer neutral. Each element of the phase and ground relays shall have its own target. c. Over/under frequency relays are required on LIPA's side of the interconnection breaker. d. Over/under voltage relays, connected phase to neutral, are required on LIPA's side of the interconnection breaker. 1 - I - 10

14 e. Directional power relays may be required to limit power flow to contractual agreements. f. Directional overcurrent relays shall be required at sites where the Producer's load requirements from LIPA exceed the Producers generating capability. Any exceptions to this requirement must be approved by LIPA. g. Breaker failure relaying is required to trip all breakers in the zones of protection adjacent to the interconnection breakers. All interconnection breaker relays and required generator breaker relays must be utility grade. Interconnection breaker relays shall be in Flexitest drawout cases to facilitate maintenance, inspection, testing, and adjustments. Relays in Flexitest drawout cases can be tested in the case with the external circuits isolated, and can also be tested when removed from the case. General Electric and ABB/Westinghouse are the only relay manufacturers who produce relays in acceptable Flexitest drawout cases. 9. Direct transfer trip, independent of any permissive transfer trip, is required. Should the transmission line primary relaying system(s) not provide this capability, separate equipment will be required. The communication medium shall be determined by LIPA. LIPA shall specify and order the transfer trip lease line(s). Installation, maintenance, and subsequent monthly charges shall be charged to the Producer. A loss of transfer trip alarm point shall be wired to the RTU. The Producer shall make provisions to terminate the lease line(s) with double pole double throw open knife blade switch(es) adjacent to the transfer trip equipment (Appendix C). The Producer shall not be allowed on line if its transfer trip or its associated communication medium is out of service. 10. All breakers shall be D.C. trip and close. Trip and close circuits of the interconnection breaker shall be separately fused. A loss of D.C. alarm shall be wired to the RTU. 11. A visible disconnect is required at the Producer's equipment on the generator side of the interconnection breaker. 1 - I - 11

15 12. Control, CT, and telemetering leads which interconnect to LIPA shall have a minimum size and stranding of 19/25, 19/22, and #18 STP, respectively. All control, CT and telemetering leads shall be terminated using ring type connectors. 1. The station battery shall be sized for an eight hour duty cycle in accordance with IEEE Standard At the end of the duty cycle the battery shall be capable of tripping and closing all breakers. A low voltage D.C. alarm shall be wired to the RTU. 14. All relaying CTs shall have a minimum ANSI accuracy of C800, at the selected tap. The Producer shall provide a CT shorting block for each CT circuit. 15. All solid state relays requiring an auxiliary power source shall be powered from the station battery. AC to DC converters are unacceptable. 16. Three PTs with dual secondary windings shall be installed on the LIPA side of the interconnection breaker and shall be connected wye grounded/wye grounded-open delta. The open delta secondary winding is required for ground fault protection. Three red indicating lights, one per phase, connected phase to ground in the PT secondary, shall be installed to provide visual verification of potential on each phase. Three () single phase over/under voltage relays, associated with the high side breaker shall be connected phase to ground to these PTs. 17. During emergency conditions, all interconnection breakers shall be capable of being tripped by LIPA via supervisory control. LIPA will consider tripping the generator breaker instead of the interconnection breaker if the system configuration permits. Interconnection breaker and generator breaker(s) status shall be transmitted to LIPA via the RTU. The supervisory equipment shall be installed and paid for by the Producer. MW, MVAR, current, voltage and power factor transducers mounted in Flexitest drawout cases shall be connected to the interconnection breaker CTs and line PTs and wired to the analog inputs of the RTU. This equipment can either be procured by the Producer, or be provided by LIPA, at the Producer's expense. LIPA shall furnish the Producer with the necessary wiring drawings to connect the transducers to the supervisory equipment. 1 - I - 12

16 18. Synchronous generators shall be equipped with synchronizing capability across the interconnection breaker unless otherwise specified. A total of four potential transformers shall be required on the interconnection breaker, three on LIPA's side of the breaker (as specified in #16) and one on the Producer's side. Synch check relays shall be installed for manual synchronizing. Automatic synchronizing equipment shall be optional, however, it shall not permit the exclusion of a synch check relay. 19. Voltage and frequency relays are required at the LIPA substation to disconnect the Producer's generator from the LIPA bus in the event that this bus becomes isolated from the LIPA system and the Producer's generator continues to carry the connected LIPA load. These relays shall be installed at the Producer's expense. 20. Additional control and protection equipment that, depending on the parameters of each interconnection, could be required for installation on the LIPA system include, but are not limited to: a. Digital transient recorder for 18 kv interconnections. b. Sequence of event recorder for 18 kv interconnections. c. Additional primary relaying systems to existing LIPA transmission line to ensure fault clearing within "new" stability parameters resulting from the Producer's generation. d. Expansion/addition of SCADA RTUs on the LIPA side of the interconnection. e. Upgrade of breaker failure relaying protection. f. Recloser blocking of transmission line breakers. g. Zero sequence voltage relaying V. Maintenance and Operating Requirements The following requirements apply to all Producer-owned installations. A. The protective devices (relays, circuit breakers, etc.) required to disconnect the Producer's generation shall be owned, operated, and maintained by the Producer at its expense. 1 - I - 1

17 B. All final relay setting calculations for the Producer's interconnection breaker shall be submitted for review and acceptance by LIPA to assure protection of LIPA equipment and reliability of service to the adjacent LIPA customers. The Producer shall be required to change relay settings, if necessary, to accommodate changes in the LIPA system. C. It shall be the Producer's responsibility to have calibration and functional trip tests performed on its fault and isolation protection equipment. These tests shall be performed prior to placing equipment in service and once every two (2) years thereafter. Copies of these test results shall be submitted to LIPA no later than five working days after completion of tests. All the testing and calibration shall be performed by a qualified independent testing organization acceptable to LIPA, in accordance with industry standards. Interconnection breaker speed curves shall be verified using a Cincinnati Analyzer or an equivalent. Battery tests shall meet the requirements of IEEE Standard LIPA reserves the right to witness and accept or reject the result of all tests. LIPA shall be notified of the date of testing two (2) weeks in advance. D. After the Producer's equipment is in service, LIPA reserves the right to test or review on request the calibration and operation of all protective equipment including relays, circuit breakers, batteries, etc. at the interconnection as well as review the Producer's complete maintenance records. A review of the calibration and operation of protective equipment may include LIPA-witnessed trip testing of the interconnection breaker from its associated protective relays. The failure of the Producer to maintain its equipment in a manner acceptable to LIPA or to furnish maintenance records on demand shall result in the Producer being prevented from operating in parallel with the LIPA system. E. If LIPA is requested to work at the Producer's generating site, LIPA operating and maintenance personnel shall inspect the site to insure that all LIPA safety requirements have been met. If not, commencement of the requested work will be delayed until conditions are deemed safe by LIPA. F. LIPA reserves the right to test for or to request the Producer to supply certified test reports for harmonic content at the point of interconnection. The % Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) measurements shall be taken with a spectrum analyzer. Inverter installations shall be required to take two sets of measurements; one with the inverter isolated and the other with the inverter connected to the LIPA system. The current harmonic levels should be observed and recorded at 0, 1/2, /4, and full power measurements. If the % THD exceeds the limits outlined in Section II Part D the Producer shall install filters to meet the required limits. 1 - I - 14

18 If at any time during parallel operation harmonic distortion problems affecting other customers' equipment can be traced to the Producer's generator, the Producer's generating equipment shall be immediately disconnected from the LIPA system and shall remain disconnected until the problem is corrected. G. The Producer shall close the interconnection circuit breaker only after obtaining approved switching orders from the responsible LIPA operator as defined in the Operating Agreement. LIPA reserves the right to open the disconnecting device to the Producer for any of the following reasons: 1. System Emergency or System Pre-Emergency 2. Substandard conditions existing with the Producer's generating and/or protective equipment.. Failure of the Producer to maintain its equipment in accordance with the agreed upon schedule. 4. Failure of Producer to make maintenance records available to LIPA on request. 5. Interference by the Producer's generation system with the quality of service rendered by LIPA to its customers. 6. Personnel safety. 7. To eliminate conditions that constitute a potential hazard to the general public. 1 - I - 15

19 Appendix A Drawing List kv on less Dedicated Transmission Line(s) Greater Than 100 Feet or Relay Circuit Greater Than 1,000 Feet kv Dedicated Transmission Line(s) Greater than 100 Feet or Relay Circuit Greater than 1,000 Feet. Dedicated Transmission Line(s) less Than 100 Feet and Differential Circuit Less Than 1,000 Feet 4. Transmission Interconnections Adjacent to a LIPA Substation These drawings are examples of typical interconnections. Each project is site specific and may have different requirements. 1 - I - 16

20 APPENDIX A - DRAWING 1 TRANSMISSION INTERCONNECTION 69KV DEDICATED TRANSMISSION LINE > 100 FT. RELAY CIRCUIT > 1000 FT. BUS BILLING METERING PT'S BREAKER LIPA SUBSTATION DEDICATED TRANSMISSION LINE REQUIRED PROTECTION DEV FUNCTION PULSES TO RTU KWH OUT KWH IN 21 DIRECTIONAL O IMPED. 67N,67G GND DIRECTIONAL O.C. 67 DIRECTIONAL O.C. * 2 DIRECTIONAL POWER 87T TRANS. DIFFERENTIAL 87B BUS DIFFERENTIAL 50/51 INST. & TIME O.C. 50/51N INST. & TIME O.C. 27 UNDERVOLTAGE 59 OVERVOLTAGE 81 OVER / UNDER FREQ. 62BF BREAKER FAILURE 25 SYNCH CHECK 50/51V INST & TD OC VOLT RES GENERATOR PROTECTION 50 51V INTERTIE BREAKER PT'S 21 COMMUNICATION TO LIPA SUB. FIRST PRIMARY SYSTEM AND DTT AO ONLY AM AMP BF TDCR W/V TDCR P.F. TDCR 67G TO RTU SUPV N 81 AO ONLY VOLT TDCR R 25 REQUIRED OVER/UNDER VOLTAGE OVER/UNDER FREQUENCY NEGATIVE SEQUENCE REVERSE POWER VOLTAGE RESTRAINT OVER CURRENT LOSS OF EXCITATION DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION 87T 50 51N 87B RECOMMENDED GROUND PROTECTION OUT OF STEP PROTECTION * LIMITS POWER TO CONTRACT REQMTS SYNCH SYNCH TELCO LEASE LINES TO LIPA ESO < > INTERTIE BKR. TRIP CONT. & STAT. GENERATOR BREAKER STATUS ALARMS TELEMETERING HIGH IMPEDANCE GROUNDED SITELOAD ** GENERATORS WITH GENERATOR PROTECTIVE RELAYING 1 - I - 17

21 APPENDIX A - DRAWING 2 TRANSMISSION INTERCONNECTION 18KV DEDICATED TRANSMISSION LINE > 100 FT. RELAY CIRCUIT > 1000 FT. BUS BILLING METERING PT'S BREAKER LIPA SUBSTATION DEDICATED TRANSMISSION LINE REQUIRED PROTECTION DEV FUNCTION PULSES TO RTU KWH OUT KWH IN 21 DIRECTIONAL O IMPED. 67N,67G GND DIRECTIONAL O.C. 67 DIRECTIONAL O.C. * 2 DIRECTIONAL POWER 87T TRANS. DIFFERENTIAL 87B BUS DIFFERENTIAL 50/51 INST. & TIME O.C. 50/51N INST. & TIME O.C. 27 UNDERVOLTAGE 59 OVERVOLTAGE 81 OVER / UNDER FREQ. 62BF BREAKER FAILURE 25 SYNCH CHECK 50/51V INST & TD OC VOLT RES GENERATOR PROTECTION REQUIRED OVER/UNDER VOLTAGE OVER/UNDER FREQUENCY NEGATIVE SEQUENCE REVERSE POWER VOLTAGE RESTRAINT OVER CURRENT LOSS OF EXCITATION DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION COMMUNICATION TO LIPA SUB. SECOND PRIMARY SYSTEM 87T 50 51N 50 51V INTERTIE BREAKER PT'S 21 COMMUNICATION TO LIPA SUB. FIRST PRIMARY SYSTEM AND DTT AO ONLY AM TDCR AMP BF 87B W/V TDCR P.F. TDCR 67G TO RTU SUPV AO ONLY 67N VOLT TDCR R 25 RECOMMENDED GROUND PROTECTION OUT OF STEP PROTECTION * LIMITS POWER TO CONTRACT REQMTS SYNCH SYNCH TELCO LEASE LINES TO LIPA ESO < > INTERTIE BKR. TRIP CONT. & STAT. GENERATOR BREAKER STATUS ALARMS TELEMETERING HIGH IMPEDANCE GROUNDED SITELOAD ** GENERATORS WITH GENERATOR PROTECTIVE RELAYING 1 - I - 18

22 APPENDIX A - DRAWING TRANSMISSION INTERCONNECTION DEDICATED TRANSMISSION LINE < 100 FT. DIFFERENTIAL CIRCUIT < 1000 FT. BUS LIPA RTU SUPV INCLUDES INTERTIE BKR TRIP CONT/STAT GENERATOR BREAKER STATUS ALARMS TELEMETERING BILLING METERING PT'S BREAKER 87L LIPA SUBSTATION DEDICATED TRANSMISSION LINE PULSES TO RTU KWH OUT KWH IN HARDWIRE TRIP OF INTERTIE REQUIRED PROTECTION DEV FUNCTION 67 DIRECTIONAL O.C. * 2 DIRECTIONAL POWER 87T TRANS. DIFFERENTIAL 87B BUS DIFFERENTIAL 50/51 INST. & TIME O.C. 50/51N INST. & TIME O.C. 27 UNDERVOLTAGE 59 OVERVOLTAGE 81 OVER / UNDER FREQ. 62BF BREAKER FAILURE 25 SYNCH CHECK 87L LINE DIFFERENTIAL 50/51V INST & TD OC VOLT RES GENERATOR PROTECTION 50 51V INTERTIE BREAKER PT'S 62 BF AO ONLY 67 2 AM AMP TDCR W/V TDCR P.F. TDCR TO RTU SUPV 81 AO ONLY VOLT TDCR 25 R REQUIRED OVER/UNDER VOLTAGE OVER/UNDER FREQUENCY NEGATIVE SEQUENCE REVERSE POWER VOLTAGE RESTRAINT OVER CURRENT LOSS OF EXCITATION DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION 87T 50 51N 87B RECOMMENDED GROUND PROTECTION OUT OF STEP PROTECTION * LIMITS POWER TO CONTRACT REQMTS SYNCH SYNCH HIGH IMPEDANCE GROUNDED GENERATORS WITH GENERATOR PROTECTIVE RELAYING SITELOAD ** 1 - I - 19

23 APPENDIX A - DRAWING 4 TRANSMISSION INTERCONNECTION INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCER ADJACENT TO LIPA SUBSTATION BUS LIPA RTU SUPV INCLUDES INTERTIE BKR TRIP CONT/STAT GENERATOR BREAKER STATUS ALARMS TELEMETERING MOS 87B NEW LIPA SUBSTATION ADJACENT SUCH THAT ONLY THE PROPERTY LINE FENCE SEPARATES THE TWO SUBSTATION BILLING METERING PT'S PULSES TO RTU KWH OUT KWH IN HARDWIRE TRIP OF INTERTIE REQUIRED PROTECTION DEV FUNCTION 67 DIRECTIONAL O.C. * 2 DIRECTIONAL POWER 87T TRANS. DIFFERENTIAL 87B BUS DIFFERENTIAL 50/51 INST. & TIME O.C. 50/51N INST. & TIME O.C. 27 UNDERVOLTAGE 59 OVERVOLTAGE 81 OVER / UNDER FREQ. 62BF BREAKER FAILURE 25 SYNCH CHECK 50/51V INST & TD OC VOLT RES GENERATOR PROTECTION 50 51V INTERTIE BREAKER PT'S 62 BF AO ONLY 67 2 AM AMP TDCR W/V TDCR P.F. TDCR TO RTU SUPV 81 AO ONLY VOLT TDCR 25 R REQUIRED OVER/UNDER VOLTAGE OVER/UNDER FREQUENCY NEGATIVE SEQUENCE REVERSE POWER VOLTAGE RESTRAINT OVER CURRENT LOSS OF EXCITATION DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION 87T 50 51N 87B RECOMMENDED GROUND PROTECTION OUT OF STEP PROTECTION * LIMITS POWER TO CONTRACT REQMTS SYNCH SYNCH 1 - I - 20 HIGH IMPEDANCE GROUNDED SITELOAD ** GENERATORS WITH GENERATOR PROTECTIVE RELAYING

24 Appendix B Explanation of the Requirement for A Wye Grounded Transformer All Producer generation interconnections with LIPA must be grounded sources. During a phase to ground fault on the LIPA system, the Producer's generator can be isolated with the phase to ground fault if the LIPA source opens before the Producer's protective equipment detects the fault condition and isolates from the LIPA system. If the generator is not grounded during the period that it is isolated with the phase to ground fault, the neutral can shift resulting in overvoltage on the two remaining unfaulted phases. This overvoltage can reach 17% of normal and will damage LIPA phase to ground connected load or equipment isolated with the generator. To avoid the possibility of an overvoltage due to a neutral shift, LIPA requires that the Producer's generator interconnect into the LIPA system as a grounded source. The designer of the generation installation should be aware that the isolation transformer provides a path for zero sequence fault current for all phase to ground faults on the circuit. In order to limit the ground fault current from the Producer's equipment, LIPA may require that the system be designed to limit the zero sequence current (large zero sequence impedance) and still meet the grounding requirements. There are several methods to ground a source. The accepted method is to use a wye groundeddelta step-up transformer with the generator grounded. 1 - I - 21

25 APPENDIX "C" SUPERVISORY LEASE LINE KNIFE SWITCH NORMAL CLOSE OPEN LOOP-BACK (TEST) TO TELCO LIPA'S REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT (RTU) * * RECV. XMIT TO TELCO TO TELCO TO TELCO TRANSFER TRIP LEASE LINE KNIFE SWITCH TO TELCO LIPA TRANSFER TRIP EQUIPMENT RECV. * XMIT * * D.P.D.T. KNIFE SWITCH - LEVIT DN # 9919 TO TELCO TO TELCO TO TELCO 1 - I - 22

26 Appendix D Date GENERATOR DATA Preliminary Final Name of Company Station Unit # Manufacturer Generator Nameplate Number Expected In-Service Date Rated Mva at Rated H psig Rated kv Rated P.F. Max Turbine kw Capability (Utilizing Overpressure, etc.) Field Amperes for Rated Conditions Field Amperes at Rated Generator Volts & O-P.F. Overexcited Field Resistance 125 C 25 C Full Load Field Voltage, EFD,FL (per unit) Short Circuit Ratio Direct Axis Unsaturated Synchronous Reactance Quadrature Axis Unsaturated Synchronous Reactance Direct Axis Transient Reactance at Rated Current Direct Axis Transient Reactance at Rated Voltage Quadrature Axis Transient Reactance at Rated Current (where applicable) Direct Axis Subtransient Reactance at Rated Current In Per Unit on Rated Machine MVA and kv Xd X'di X'dv X'qi X"di Xq 1 - I - 2

27 Appendix D (cont'd) Quadrature Axis Subtransient Reactance at Rated Current Direct Axis Subtransient Reactance at Rated Voltage Quadrature Axis Subtransient Reactance at Rated Voltage Negative Sequence Reactance Zero Sequence Reactance Stator Leakage Reactance at Rated Voltage Stator Leakage Reactance at Rated Current Potier Reactance X"qi X"dv X"qv X2 Xo Xlv X1i Xp Armature D.C. Resistance C Positive Sequence Resistance C Zero Sequence Resistance C Negative Sequence Resistance C Direct-Axis Transient Open-Circuit Time Constant T'do C Direct-Axis Subtransient Open-Circuit Time Constant T"do C Quadrature-Axis Subtransient Open-Circuit T'qo C Time Constant (where applicable) Quadrature-Axis Subtransient Open-Circuit Time ConstantT"qo C Short-Circuit Time Constant of Armature Winding Ta C Generator + Turbine Inertia (including all on Generator Shaft)WR 2 Lb. Ft. 2 Rated Speed R.P.M. Inertia Constant on Machine Base Hc MW Sec./MVA Saturation Curve No. On Open Circuit (Attach) Saturation Curve No. for Rated Stator Current at 0 P.F. lag (Attach) "V" Curve No. (Attach) Reactive Capability Curve No. (Attach) The above resistances, reactances and time constants are defined in ASA Standards-Definitions of Electrical Terms (Group 10-Rotating Machinery, Section 1.) 1 - I - 24

28 Appendix D (cont'd) Date GENERATOR STEP-UP TRANSFORMER Transformer MVA Rating Transformer Voltage Rating Available Taps Connection of Windings (e.g., wye, delta) Transformer Leakage Impedance for p.u. on tap Positive and Zero Sequence p.u. on tap on the transformer base between etc. as needed each pair of windings and for p.u. on tap each available tap. p.u. on tap p.u. on p.u. on tap tap Transformer Saturation Curve No. (Attach) 1 - I - 25

29 Appendix D (cont'd) Date EXCITATION SYSTEM DATA Name of Company Station Unit # Manufacturer Expected In-Service Date Type of Excitation System IEEE Type Voltage Response Mfr. Exciter Type Mfr. Regulator Type Exciter Saturation Curve No. on Open Circuit (Attach) Exciter Saturation Curve No. for Rated Armature Current (Attach) 1 - I - 26

30 Appendix D (cont'd) EXCITATION SYSTEM DATA FOR COMPUTER STABILITY PROGRAMS Universal Representation as defined by: IEEE 1TP paper entitled, "Computer Representation of Excitation Systems" Type 1. Excitation System - Continuously Acting Regulator & Exciter Type 2. Excitation System - Rotating Rectifier System Type. Excitation System-Static With Terminal Potential & Current Supplies Type 4. Excitation System - Noncontinuously Acting KA KA KA - KE KE KE KE KF KF KF - TA Sec. TA Sec. TA Sec. - TE Sec. TE Sec. TE Sec. TE Sec. TF Sec. TF1,TF2 Sec. TF Sec. - TR Sec. TR Sec. TR Sec. - EFDMAX p.u. EFDMAX p.u. EFDMAX p.u. EFDMAX p.u. EFDMIN p.u. EFDMIN p.u. EFDMIN p.u. EFDMIN p.u. SEMAX SEMAX - SEMAX SE.75 MAX SE.75 MAX - SEMIN VRMAX p.u. VRMAX p.u. VRMAX p.u. VRMAX p.u. VRMIN p.u. VRMIN p.u. VRMIN p.u. VRMIN p.u KV TRH Sec. - - KP KI XI VBMAX p.u. - Definitions of the above terms and associated block diagrams are on the following pages. Appendix D (cont'd) 1 - I - 27

31 Where: KA - Regulator Gain KE - Exciter Constant Related to Self-Excited Field KF - Regulator Stabilizing Circuit Time Gain TA - Regulator Amplifier Time Constant TE - Exciter Time Constant TF - Regulator Stabilizing Circuit Time Constant TF1,TF2 - Regulator Stabilizing Time Constants (Rotating Rectifier System) TR - Regulator Input Filter Time Constant EFDMAX - Maximum Exciter Output Voltage (applied to generator field) EFDMIN - Maximum Exciter Output Voltage (applied to generator field) SEMAX - Exciter Saturation Factor at Maximum Exciter Voltage (See Page 1-I-1) SE.75 MAX - Exciter Saturation Factor at.75 of Maximum Exciter Voltage (See Page 1-I-1) VRMAX - Maximum Value of Regulator Output Voltage VRMIN - Minimum Value of Regulator Output Voltage KV - Fast Raise/Lower Contact Setting TRH - Rheostat Time Constant KP - Potential Circuit Gain KI - Current Circuit Gain VBMAX - Maximum Saturation Value of Field Voltage XI - Field Current Gain 1 - I - 28

32 APPENDIX D (cont d) EXCITATION SYSTEMS For a detailed discussion of voltage regulator representations for computer studies, see Computer Representation of Excitation Systems, IEEE Committee Report, Excilation Systems Subcommittee, Power Generation Committee, presented at the IEEE Summer Meeting, July 9-14, Voltage regulator representations shown in the attached sketches resemble frequentlyencountered actual excitation systems. The type 1 block diagram is used for a conventional rotating exciter and continuously acting regulator. V REF V RMAX SATURATION FUNCTION S E = f (E FD ) V T K A + 1 E FD 1 + ST R ST A K E + ST E V RMIN AUX. SK F 1 + ST F The type 2 block diagram is for those Westinghouse brushless systems which derive damping signals from the regulator terminals. V T ST R SATURATION FUNCTION S E = f (E FD ) V REF V RMAX K A ST A K E + ST E + E FD V RMIN AUX. SK F (1+ST F1 ) (1+ST F2 ). 1 - I - 29

33 APPENDIX D (cont d) Type is for a static system using both current and potential transformers for power sources, specifically the General Electric SCPT. V T ST R + + K A 1 + SR A V RMAX + + V RMAX o 1 K E + S TE. E FD V RMIN AUX. SK F 1 + ST F I T V THEV = K P V T + JK I I T MULT I FD 1-A 2.78 X I A= ( FP V THEV ) IF:A>1,V B =0 The type 4 block diagram is for rheostatic systems with contacts for fast response. The Westinghouse BJ-0 is such a system. V REF V RMAX SATURATION S E V T ST R ST RH AUCT K E + ST E. E FD + - V RMIN V RMAX AUX. DEADBAND + K Y V RMIN SK F 1 + ST F 1 - I - 0

34 EXCITER VOLTAGE APPENDIX D (cont d) E FD AIR GAP LINE NO LOAD SATURATION CONSTANT RESISTANCE LOAD SATURATION S E = f (E FD ) = A - B A B = B - 1 B EXCITER FIELD CURRENT A Fig. 5. Exciter saturation curves showing procedure for calculating the saturation function S E. 1 - I - 1

35 Appendix D (cont'd) Date TURBINE AND GOVERNOR DATA FOR THERMAL UNITS Fossil Fired Nuclear Name of Company Station Unit # Manufacturer Expected In-Service Date Unit Rated MVA Max. Turbine MW Turbine Serial No. Type of Prime Mover Type of Governor Reheat Non-reheat 1 - I - 2

36 Appendix D (cont'd) Date Tandem Compound Single Reheat Tandem Compound Double Reheat Cross Compound Single Reheat with HP-IP Shaft and Separate LP Shaft Cross Compound Single Reheat with HP-LP Shaft and IP-LP Shaft Straight Condensing K1 T1 Sec. T2 Sec. T Sec. PMax p.u. PMin p.u. K2 T4 Sec. T5 Sec. K K4 T6 Sec. The definitions of the above terms are shown on the attached pages. 1 - I -

37 Appendix D (cont'd) GOVERNORS AND ENERGY SYSTEMS Linearized, simplified mathematical models of energy systems, governors, and prime movers are used in stability studies. A single block diagram is sufficient to represent a variety of steam turbine systems. This block diagram is shown below. The following general definitions apply to the servo for steam systems: Po = initial turbine power, p.u. on system base ω = electrical speed deviation, radians per second K1 = Megawatts rating x 1 x 1 Per unit regulation 77 System Base T1,T = controller and governor lags, seconds T2 = controller lead compensation, seconds Pmax = upper power limit, p.u. on system base Pmin = lower power limit, p.u. on system base VALVE OR GATE SERVO STEAM SYSTEM AND TURBINE P O P MAX K (1+ST ) 1 R (1+ST )(1+ST ) K 1+ST K P MIN + 1- K P HP,IP K 2 1+ST 5 K 1+ST 6 K 4 P LP 1 - I - 4

38 Appendix D (cont'd) Steam Systems A number of steam systems may be approximated by this block diagram, some of which are described in the following paragraphs with block diagram symbols related to physical equipment. Tandem Compound Single Reheat Configuration REHEATER CROSSOVER IV GOV HP IP LP LP GEN K2 - fraction of total power developed downstream from reheater K - fraction of reheat power developed by LP turbines K4-0 T4 - delay due to steam inlet volumes associated with steam chest and inlet piping T5 - reheater delay, including HP turbine, hot & cold leads up to inteceptor valves T6 - delay associated with IP-LP turbines, including crossover pipes and LP end hoods 1 - I - 5

39 Appendix D (cont'd) Tandem Compound Double Reheat Configuration 1st REHEAT 2nd REHEAT CROSSOVER IV IV GOV HP HP IP LP LP GEN K2 - fraction of total power downstream from VHP turbine K - fraction of first reheater power developed downstream of HP turbine K4-0 T4 - delay due to steam inlet volumes associated with steam chest and inlet piping T5 - first reheater delay including hot and cold leads and VHP turbine T6 - second reheater, IP - LP turbines, crossover pipes, and LP end hood delays 1 - I - 6

40 Appendix D (cont'd) Cross Compound Single Reheat Configuration with HP - IP Shaft and Separate LP Shaft REHEAT IV GOV HP IP GEN HP-IP CROSSOVER LP LP GEN LP K2 - fraction of total power developed downstream of HP turbines K - fraction of reheat power developed by LP shaft turbines K4-1 T4 - delay due to steam inlet volumes associated with steam chest and inlet piping T5 - reheater delay, including HP turbine hot and cold leads, up to inteceptor valves T6 - delay due to IP turbine, crossover pipes, and LP end hoods 1 - I - 7

41 Appendix D (cont'd) Cross Compound Single Reheat Configuration with HP-LP Shaft and IP-LP Shaft GOV HP LP LP GEN HP-LP REHEAT CROSSOVER IV IP LP LP GEN IP-LP K2 - fraction of total power developed downstream from HP turbine K - 0 K4 - fraction of reheat power developed by IP-LP shaft T4 - delay due to steam inlet volumes associated with steam chest and inlet piping T5 - delay due to reheater, HP turbine, and hot and cold leads up to inteceptor valves T6 - delay due to crossover pipes, IP-LP turbines, and LP end hoods 1 - I - 8

42 Appendix E Voltage Flicker Curves 1 - I - 9

43 APPENDIX F Relaying Functional Example DR2 1200/5 Z2 TU2 DX = Z TU Z1 = DX= = D DR1 S CKT DKR 10-1 R = M 10-2 S1 = = FD IT1 TO SUPV I2 TD2 = = I1 TD1 1 TD 1200/5 121 GCX SBC 2A CURR TDCR W/V TDCR A JB CG SBC 2A AR SAM N R VM. RVM SW... VM SW VOLT TDCR VM TO SUPV 121X BFT1. BUS #1 PT BUS #1 NOTE: This is a sample of an acceptable Relaying Functional Diagram, and shall only be used for ref erence purposes. 1 - I - 40

44 LONG ISLAND POWER AUTHORITY CONTROL AND PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS FOR INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCERS PRIMARY DISTRIBUTION INTERCONNECTIONS 1 - II -1

45 I. Introduction This document provides the minimum control and protection requirements for safe and effective operation of an Independent Power Producer interconnection to Long Island Power Authority (LIPA) primary distribution system. The term "Independent Power Producer" (Producer) refers to generating systems owned by individuals, companies, or agencies, other than LIPA, within the LIPA franchised service area. It is emphasized that these requirements are general and may not cover all details in specific cases. Control and Protection requirements as well as specific electrical requirements for parallel operation with the LIPA system are provided for substation and distribution interconnections of synchronous generators, induction generators, and D.C. generators with inverters. Generator size limitations are outlined in Section VI - Classification of Producer Generator Installations. A Producer may only interconnect directly to the distribution system through a line designed for radial operation. Interconnections shall not be made to looped radial primary systems (fused loops) or primary feeders supplying secondary network systems. In Appendix D, is an application form to be used by the Producer and LIPA to document the specific characteristics of the installation. This application shall be coordinated by LIPA's Independendent Power Management group. Responsibility for protection of the Producer's generating system against possible damage resulting from parallel operation lies with the Producer. The LIPA transmission lines have automatic instantaneous reclosing and distribution feeders have automatic instantaneous and time delay reclosing with a dead time as short as 12 cycles and as long as 0 seconds. It is the Producer's responsibility to protect its equipment from being reconnected out-of-synchronism with the LIPA system after automatic reclosing of a LIPA circuit breaker. The Producer's generator connected to the distribution system can also be affected by a transmission line breaker reclosure. It is the Producer's responsibility to protect its equipment from these reclosures. The Producer shall provide high speed protective relaying to remove its equipment from the utility circuit prior to the automatic reclosure. 1 - II -2

46 II. Generating Criteria It is the policy of LIPA to permit any applicant, qualified under Section , paragraphs (a) and (b) of Title 18 of the Code of Federal Regulations, to operate generating equipment in parallel with the LIPA electric system whenever such operation can take place without adversely affecting other LIPA customers, the general public, LIPA equipment and LIPA personnel. To minimize this interference, the Producers generation shall meet the following criteria: A. Voltage The Producer's generating equipment shall produce voltages within 5% of nominal when operating in parallel with the LIPA system. (Nominal voltages on the LIPA distribution system are 1.8 and 4.5 kv). The Producer shall provide an automatic means of disconnecting its generating equipment from LIPA's facilities within one second if the voltage cannot be maintained within 10% of the above nominal voltages. B. Flicker The Producer shall not cause voltage variations on the LIPA system exceeding those defined on the Border Line of Visibility in Appendix E - Voltage Flicker Curves. C. Voltage Dip The voltage dip on a primary circuit due to inrush current should not exceed 2 volts on a 120 volt base. D. Frequency The Producer shall provide an automatic means of disconnecting its generating equipment from LIPA's facilities for over and under frequency situations. No under frequency tripping shall take place between 60.0 Hz and 58.0 Hz. The equipment must be disconnected within 0.5 seconds for a frequency of 60.5 Hz and within 1.0 second for a frequency of 58.0 Hz to coordinate with New York Power Pool (NYPP) load shedding requirements. 1 - II -

47 E. Harmonics The total harmonic voltage or current distortion created by a Producer-owned generator must not exceed 5% of the fundamental 60 Hz voltage or current waveform. Any single harmonic shall not exceed % of the fundamental frequency. Where: h % Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) = i=2 h 1 i 2 x100 While a Single Component % Distortion = hi h x100 1 hi = The magnitude of the ith harmonic of either voltage or current. hl = the magnitude of the fundamental voltage or current. F. Power Factor Synchronous generators shall produce or absorb VARS such that the overall power factor at the delivery point (location of LIPA's revenue metering equipment) is between 0.90 and 1.0 leading or between 0.90 and 1.0 lagging. LIPA's System Operator may request Producer to adjust the power factor at the delivery point, within the above stated limits. For induction generators with a nameplate power factor below 1.0, LIPA shall provide, at the Producer's expense, VAR capacity from its system to bring such generators' power factor to 1.0. G. External Fault and Line Clearing The Producer shall be responsible for disconnecting its generating equipment from the LIPA system within 8 cycles of the occurrence of a fault on the LIPA distribution system using its primary relaying. Backup relaying must coordinate with LIPA's protective relaying. Note: The maximum available symmetrical short circuit current from LIPA on the 1 kv distribution system is 16,000 amperes and is exclusive of any other Producers that may be connected to the same LIPA substation. 1 - II -4

48 III. General Requirements Each Producer operating in parallel with the LIPA system shall have its control and protection designs reviewed and accepted by LIPA. The specific design requirements of the protection system depend on the generator type, size, and other site specific considerations. The Producer shall meet LIPA's Rules and Regulations for Electric Installation ("Red Book"; latest revision) and all local and municipal codes. To eliminate unnecessary costs and delays, a substation one-line drawing should be submitted to LIPA for acceptance prior to the commencement of construction and ordering of equipment. Seven (7) copies of the following must be submitted before a final acceptance can be given to the Producer's design: A. Substation one-line drawing. B. Relay Functional diagram showing all current transformer (CT) and potential transformer (PT) circuits, relay connections, and protective control circuits. All interconnections with LIPA's circuits should be clearly labeled (See Appendix F for an example of an acceptable relay functional). C. Three line AC schematic diagrams of transformers and bus relay protection. D. Interconnection breaker AC and DC schematics. E. Protective relay equipment list including manufacturer model number, relay ranges, manufacturer's bulletins, curves and proposed settings. F. Generator, transformer, and breaker nameplate information including generator transient, subtransient, and synchronous impedances and transformer positive and zero sequence impedances. G. Producer generator protection scheme. H. Interconnection breaker speed curve. I. All drawings should incorporate LIPA's requirements for the name and number description of major equipment (switches, breakers, etc.). 1 - II -5

49 If the Producer installs equipment without prior written acceptance of the equipment by LIPA, it shall be done at its own risk. The Producer shall be solely responsible for all costs associated with the replacement of any equipment that has not been accepted by LIPA. Final acceptance of the interconnection by LIPA will be contingent upon LIPA's acceptance of all of the facility's interconnection equipment. If the Producer makes changes in the design of the project, any previous information furnished by LIPA shall be subject to review and possible changes. At the completion of construction, functional tests of all protective equipment shall be performed by a qualified testing company acceptable to LIPA, and LIPA reserves the right to witness such tests. If these tests are successful, and the protective relay settings have been correctly applied, LIPA shall permit the interconnection to be energized. To accomplish the interconnection and to provide for continuing operations in a safe, economical and efficient manner, LIPA shall prepare and deliver Operating Instructions to the Producer prior to interconnecting the facility. The Operating Instructions shall include but not be limited to defining requirements for: A. Maintaining proper voltage and frequency and for putting into effect voltage changes as required from time to time. B. Phasing and synchronizing the facility and LIPA's system. C. Taking feeders out of service for maintenance during a system emergency or system pre-emergency conditions and restoring such feeders to service. D. Controlling the flow of real and reactive power. E. Periodic maintenance of the interconnection circuit breaker and related facilities. F. Procedure for communication between electrical operations personnel of the Producer and LIPA. The Producer shall also ensure the availability of a telephone handset, for use by LIPA personnel during testing and maintenance of the Producer's equipment. The Producer shall be required to have a qualified testing company, acceptable to LIPA, perform maintenance, trip tests, and recalibration tests on its protective relaying devices once every two (2) years. A copy of the test results shall be sent to LIPA for review, comment, and acceptance, no later than five (5) working days after completion of tests. 1 - II -6

50 IV. Control and Protection Requirements A. Engineering Studies Engineering studies shall be performed by LIPA to determine the exact electrical configuration of the interconnection installation and to identify any required additions, changes, or modifications to the LIPA system. Major equipment requirements such as circuit breakers and special protective relaying shall also be studied. Items requiring investigation are as follows: 1. Equipment short circuit duty. 2. Feeder breaker relay protection coordination due to in-feed for three phase and line to ground faults.. Branch fusing coordination due to fault current in-feed from Producer's equipment. 4. Breaker Failure requirements. 5. Deadline operating restraints. 6. VAR requirements. 7. MVA limitations of generation because of location on the LIPA feeder. 8. Protective relay coordination for three phase and line to ground faults on the LIPA system and the Producer's generator installation. B. Equipment Requirements The following requirements apply to the interconnection of equipment of all generators operating in parallel with the LIPA distribution system: 1. All additions or changes required to protective relay and control equipment on the LIPA system shall be installed by LIPA at the Producer's expense. All additions or changes to relay and control equipment required at the point of interconnection shall be paid for and installed by the Producer. 2. The Producer shall be solely responsible for synchronizing its generator(s) with the LIPA system. 1 - II -7

51 . The Producers shall provide an interconnection breaker on LIPA's side of its transformer. The breaker shall be located in the Producer's substation. If the interconnection breaker is a switchgear breaker, it shall be a drawout type with provisions for installing a ground and test device. If the breaker is not a drawout type, then a sectionalizing switch is required on the generator side of the interconnection breaker. 4. All Producer-owned generators shall be isolated from the LIPA system by means of an isolating transformer. All installations shall have a wye grounded/delta or a wye grounded/delta/wye transformer with the wye grounded winding configuration on the LIPA side. See Appendix B for the technical explanation of this requirement. A ground fault current limiting neutral reactor shall be installed if required by LIPA on nondedicated feeder installations. 5. LIPA shall install, own, control, operate and maintain (at the Producer's expense) a visible manual load break or motor-operated disconnecting device on LIPA's side of the point(s) of interconnection. Devices shall be capable of being padlocked. 6. A SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) purchased by LIPA, and paid for by the Producer, shall be required at each generating site. The RTU shall provide LIPA with supervisory trip control of the interconnection breaker(s). It shall also provide telemetry of key operating parameters of the Producer's facility, which shall include but not be limited to: a. Status indication of interconnection breaker(s), generator breaker(s), and all other devices that are in series with these breakers. b. Status indication of various alarms such as loss of DC to interconnection breaker(s), loss of DC to RTU, loss of AC to RTU battery charger, loss of relaying communication channel, etc. c. Analog telemetry of current, voltage, watts, VARS, power factor for all interconnection breaker(s). d. Pulse accumulation of MWHR (in/out) and MVARHR (in/out) for the facility. 1 - II -8

52 The location of the RTU shall depend on the proximity of the Producer to the interconnecting LIPA substation. The Producer shall not be allowed to operate in parallel if the RTU or its associated lease line is out of service. The RTU shall be maintained and repaired by LIPA at the Producer's expense. All costs for additional hardware and software for LIPA's mainframe supervisory computer that are necessary for its interconnection shall be charged to the Producer. Whether the RTU is purchased by the Producer or by LIPA (at the Producer's expense), it shall be delivered to LIPA for testing and programming. At this time, loss of AC/DC relays, fuses, and various terminal blocks will be installed within the RTU cabinet by LIPA at the Producer's expense. The Producer shall make provisions adjacent to the supervisory control cabinet (Appendix C) to terminate the supervisory control four (4) wire dedicated telephone lease line(s) on a double pole double throw open blade cut off switch(es). The lease line(s) shall be ordered by LIPA. Installation, maintenance and subsequent monthly charges shall be charged to the Producer. 7. For facilities interconnected to LIPA by means of a dedicated feeder, a breaker shall be installed at the Producer's expense in the LIPA substation. For a non-dedicated feeder, a disconnect device controlled by LIPA shall be installed at the Producer's expense at the point of interconnection with the LIPA system. 8. The Producer shall be responsible for tripping its interconnection breaker if a fault occurs on the electric facilities serving its installation, thereby removing its generator and isolating transformer as a source of fault current within 8 cycles after the occurrence of a fault on the electric facilities serving its installation. Whenever the LIPA supply is deenergized, the Producer's interconnection breaker shall be tripped by voltage and/or frequency relays and transfer tripped from LIPA's interconnection substation. The interconnection breaker shall be automatically locked out and prevented from closing into a de-energized or partially de-energized (loss of one phase) LIPA system. The interconnection breaker close circuit shall include a synch check and an over/under voltage permissive contact to prevent closing the breaker when unfavorable voltage conditions exist. 1 - II -9

53 9. The direct transfer trip (DTT) receiving terminal shall provide two outputs: a trip output and an alarm output to indicate a loss of transfer trip condition. The trip output shall energize a utility type target relay with multiple output contacts. One (1) output contact of the target relay shall trip the interconnection breaker. A second output contact of the target relay and the alarm contact of the DTT terminal shall be wired to the RTU. The DTT terminal and associated target relay shall be mounted indoors. 10. The required dedicated two (2) wire transfer trip lease line shall be ordered by LIPA. Installation, maintenance and subsequent monthly charges shall be charged to the Producer. The Producer shall make provisions to terminate the lease line with a double pole double throw open knife blade switch adjacent to the transfer trip equipment (Appendix C). The Producer will not be allowed to parallel with the LIPA system if its transfer trip or associated lease line is out of service. 11. The following are the minimum relay requirements for the interconnection breaker: a. Phase overcurrent relays (one per phase) with instantaneous and voltage restraint time delay elements are required as well as one ground overcurrent relay with instantaneous and time delay elements. Each element of the phase and ground relays shall have its own target. b. Over/under voltage relays and over/under frequency relays are required on LIPA's side of the interconnection breaker. c. Directional power relays may be required to limit power flow to contractual agreements. d. Directional overcurrent relays shall be required at sites where the Producer's load requirements from LIPA exceed the Producers generating capability. Any exceptions to this requirement shall be approved by LIPA. e. Transformer differential relaying shall be required for interconnections using transformer banks 1500 kva or greater. 1 - II -10

54 All interconnection breaker relays and required generator breaker relays shall be utility grade. Interconnection breaker relays must be in Flexitest drawout cases to facilitate maintenance, inspection, testing, and adjustments. Relays in Flexitest drawout cases can be tested in service, in the case, with the external circuits isolated, and can also be tested when removed from the case. General Electric and ABB/Westinghouse are the only manufacturers who produce relays in acceptable Flexitest drawout cases. 12. All breakers shall be D.C. trip and close. Trip and close circuits of the interconnection breaker must be separately fused. A loss of D.C. alarm shall be wired to the RTU. 1. Control, CT, and telemetering leads which interconnect to LIPA shall have a minimum size and stranding of 19/25, 19/22, and #18 STP, respectively. All control, CT, and telemetering leads must be terminated using ring type connectors. 14. The station battery shall be sized for an eight hour duty cycle in accordance with IEEE Standard At the end of the duty cycle the battery shall be capable of tripping and closing all breakers. A low voltage D.C. alarm shall be wired to the RTU. 15. All solid state relays requiring an auxiliary power source shall be powered from the station battery. AC to DC converters are unacceptable. 16. All relaying CTs shall have a minimum accuracy of C200. Saturation current shall not be more than 10% of fault current. Interconnection relaying and telemetering shall have dedicated CTs. 17. Three PTs shall be installed on the LIPA side of the interconnection breaker and shall be connected wye-grounded/wye-grounded. Three red indicating lights, one per phase, connected phase to ground in the PT secondary, shall be installed to provide visual verification of potential on each phase. Three () single phase over/under voltage relays, associated with the high side breaker, shall be connected phase to ground to these PTs. 1 - II -11

55 18. During emergency conditions, all interconnection breakers shall be capable of being tripped by LIPA via supervisory control. LIPA will consider tripping the generator breaker instead of the interconnection breaker if the system configuration permits. Interconnection breaker and generator breaker(s) status will be transmitted to LIPA via the RTU. The supervisory equipment shall be installed and paid for by the Producer. MW, MVAR, current, voltage and power factor transducers mounted in flexitest drawout cases shall be connected to the interconnection breaker CTs and line PTs and wired to the analog inputs of the RTU. LIPA shall furnish the Producer with the necessary wiring drawings to connect the transducers to the supervisory equipment. 19. Synch check relays are required across the interconnection breaker of a synchronous generator unless otherwise specified. A total of four potential transformers shall be required on the interconnection, three on LIPA's side of the breaker (as specified #17) and one on the Producer's. Synch check relays shall be installed for manual synchronizing. Automatic synchronizing equipment shall be optional, however, it shall not permit the exclusion of a synch check relay. 20. The LIPA substation feeder breaker may require a set () of line side potential transformers to monitor the presence of voltage on the distribution feeder and to provide voltage to a synch check or voltage relay which shall prevent closing the breaker into an unsynchronized Producer's generator. All costs incurred to purchase and place this system in service shall be at the Producer's expense. 21. The kvar requirements of an induction generator, operating at 100% load, will be determined and the Producer will be charged that portion of the cost to install one or more 900 kvar supervisory controlled distribution capacitor banks to provide the reactive supply. 22. Voltage and frequency relays shall be installed at the LIPA substation to disconnect the Producer's generator from the LIPA bus in the event that this bus becomes isolated from the LIPA system and the Producer's generator continues to carry the connected LIPA load. These relays shall be installed at the Producer's expense. 1 - II -12

56 2. Interconnection breaker(s) for Producer owned generator(s) on the distribution system, unless otherwise specified, shall be automatically tripped for all trips of the LIPA substation feeder breaker. A generator breaker contact may be used to disable transfer trip of the interconnection breaker when the generator breaker is open. The communication tripping channel and transfer tripping equipment at the LIPA substation and at the Producer's facility shall be purchased and installed at Producer's expense, as part of the relay protection scheme. The transfer trip equipment and associated transfer trip communication channel shall be specified by LIPA. V. Maintenance and Operating Requirements The following requirements apply to all Producer-owned installations. A. The protective devices (relays, circuit breakers, etc.) required to disconnect the Producer's generation shall be owned, operated, and maintained by the Producer at its expense. B. All final relay setting calculations for the Producer's interconnection breaker shall be submitted for review and acceptance by LIPA, to assure protection of LIPA equipment and reliability of service to the adjacent LIPA customers. The Producer shall be required to change relay settings, if necessary, to accommodate changes in the LIPA system. C. It shall be the Producer's responsibility to have calibration and functional trip tests performed on its fault and isolation protection equipment. These tests shall be performed prior to placing equipment in service and once every two (2) years thereafter. Copies of these test results shall be sent submitted to LIPA no later than five working days after completion of tests. All the testing and calibration shall be performed by a qualified independent testing organization, acceptable to LIPA, in accordance with industry standards and shall be submitted to LIPA for review and acceptance. Interconnection breaker speed curves shall be verified using a Cincinnati Analyzer or an equivalent. Battery tests shall meet the requirements of IEEE Standard LIPA reserves the right to witness and accept or reject the results of all tests. LIPA shall be notified of the testing two (2) weeks in advance. 1 - II -1

57 D. After the Producer's equipment is in service, LIPA reserves the right to test or review on request the calibration and operation of all protective equipment including relays, circuit breakers, batteries, etc. at the interconnection, as well as review the Producer's complete maintenance records. A review of the calibration and operation of protective equipment may include LIPA-witnessed trip testing of the interconnection breaker from its associated protective relays. The failure of the Producer to maintain its equipment in a manner acceptable to LIPA or to furnish maintenance records on demand may result in the Producer being prevented from operating in parallel with the LIPA system. E. If LIPA is requested to work at the Producer's generating site, LIPA operating and maintenance personnel shall inspect the site to insure that all LIPA safety requirements have been met. If not, commencement of the requested work shall be delayed until conditions are deemed safe by LIPA. F. LIPA reserves the right to test for or to request the Producer to supply certified test reports for harmonic content at the point of interconnection. The % Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) measurements shall be taken with a spectrum analyzer. Inverter installations shall be required to take two sets of measurements; one with the invertor isolated and the other with the invertor connected to the LIPA system. The current harmonic levels should be observed and recorded at 0, 1/2, /4, and full power measurements. If the % THD exceeds the limits outlined in Section II Part E the Producer shall install filters to meet the required limits. If at any time during parallel operation harmonic distortion problems affecting other customers' equipment can be traced to the Producer's generator, the Producer's generating equipment shall be immediately disconnected from the LIPA system and shall remain disconnected until the problem is corrected. G. The Producer shall close the interconnection circuit breaker only after obtaining approved switching orders from the responsible LIPA operator as defined in the Operating Instructions. LIPA reserves the right to open the disconnecting device to the Producer for any of the following reasons: 1. System Emergency or System Pre-Emergency 2. Substandard conditions existing with the Producer's generating and/or protective equipment. 1 - II -14

58 . Failure of the Producer to maintain its equipment in accordance with the agreed upon schedule. 4. Failure of Producer to make maintenance records available to LIPA on request. 5. Interference by the Producer's generation system with the quality of service rendered by LIPA to its customers. 6. Personnel safety. 7. To eliminate conditions that constitute a potential hazard to the general public. VI. Classification of Producer Generator Installations Producer generating installations are classified into two types - those interconnecting to the LIPA system on a dedicated feeder and those interconnecting on a non-dedicated feeder (Refer to Appendix A). Maximum Gross Generation Capacity* Distribution Voltage Interconnection 1kV 4kV 1. Dedicated Feeder 10MVA MVA 2A. Synchronous Generators Non-Dedicated Feeder Main.0 MVA 1MVA Branch 1.5 MVA.5 MVA 2B. Induction Generators Non-Dedicated Feeder Main 2.5 MVA 750KVA Branch 1.0 MVA 00 KVA * These generation capacities are on a per-producer basis. It should be noted, however, that the aggregate generation (sum of the total gross generation of all Producers connected to a particular segment of the LIPA system) on a non-dedicated distribution feeder must not exceed 5 MVA on 1 kv or 1.5 MVA on 4 kv. The maximum capacity of the aggregate generation connected to a branch circuit is 1.5 MVA on 1 kv and.5 MVA on 4 kv. The maximum aggregate generation connected to one LIPA 1 kv substation is 10 MVA. The maximum aggregate generation connected to one LIPA 4 kv substation is MVA. The maximum aggregate generation shall also be limited to approximately one-third of the MVA rating of the step-down transformer at LIPA's substation. 1 - II -15

59 The aggregate generation may be further limited by the load and fault duty capability of the substation equipment and connecting distribution feeder. LIPA shall evaluate each application before deciding on the maximum MVA allowed onto the LIPA system at a given point. Special relay coordination problems may exist for non-dedicated feeder installations since all Producers may not be on-line at the same time. Each situation shall be evaluated on its own merits. 1 - II -16

60 Appendix A Drawing List 1. Dedicated Feeder Relay Circuit Greater Than 1,000 Feet 2. Dedicated Feeder Differential Circuit Less Than 1,000 Feet. Non-Dedicated Feeder These drawings are examples of typical interconnections. Each project is site specific and may have different requirements. 1 - II -17

61 APPENDIX A - DRAWING 1 DISTRIBUTION INTERCONNECTION DEDICATED FEEDER DIFFERENTIAL CIRCUIT >1000 FT. DISTRIBUTION BUS DEDICATED BREAKER LIPA SUBSTATION DEDICATED DISTRIBUTION FEEDER BILLING METERING PT'S PULSES TO RTU KWH OUT KWH IN REQUIRED PROTECTION DEV FUNCTION 25 SYNCH CHECK 27 UNDER VOLTAGE * 2 DIRECTIONAL POWER 50/51V INST & TD OC VOLT RES 50/51N INST & TD OC GROUND 59 OVER VOLTAGE 67 DIRECTIONAL OC 81 OVER/UNDER FREQ 87B BUS DIFFERENTIAL 87T TRANS DIFFERENTIAL 50/51 INST. & TIME O.C. GENERATOR PROTECTION REQUIRED OVER/UNDER VOLTAGE OVER/UNDER FREQUENCY NEGATIVE SEQUENCE REVERSE POWER VOLTAGE RESTRAINT OVER CURRENT LOSS OF EXCITATION RECOMMENDED GROUND PROTECTION DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION 87T 50 51N 50 51V INTERTIE BREAKER PT'S TELCO LL FROM LIPA SUB TRANSFER TRIP RECEIVER 27 87B 59 AO ONLY 67 2 AM CURR W/V P.F. TDCR TDCR TDCR 1 PT TO RTU SUPV TELCO LL TO LIPA ESO 81 AO ONLY VOLT TDCR 25 R RTU SUPV INTERTIE BKR TRIP CONT/STAT GENERATOR BREAKER STATUS ALARMS TELEMETERING * LIMITS POWER TO CONTRACT REQMTS. ** WHEN THE SITE LOAD IS CONNECTED TO THE HIGH VOLTAGE SIDE OF THE TRANSFORMER THE DIFFERENTIAL RELAYING MUST PROTECT THE BANK ONLY & NOT THE SITE LOAD. AN EXTRA SET OF CT's WILL BE REQUIRED ON THE TRANSFORMER HIGH SIDE TO ACCOMPLISH THIS. SYNCH SYNCH HIGH IMPEDANCE GROUNDED SITELOAD ** GENERATORS WITH GENERATOR PROTECTIVE RELAYING 1 - II - 18

62 APPENDIX A - DRAWING 2 DISTRIBUTION INTERCONNECTION DEDICATED FEEDER DIFFERENTIAL CIRCUIT <1000 FT. DISTRIBUTION BUS LIPA RTU SUPV INCLUDES INTERTIE BKR TRIP CONT/STAT GENERATOR BREAKER STATUS ALARMS TELEMETERING BILLING METERING PULSES TO RTU KWH OUT PT'S KWH IN DEDICATED BREAKER 87B LIPA SUBSTATION HARDWIRE TRIP OF INTERTIE REQUIRED PROTECTION PT'S R DEV FUNCTION 25 SYNCH CHECK 27 UNDER VOLTAGE * 2 DIRECTIONAL POWER 50/51V INST & TD OC VOLT RES 50/51N INST & TD OC GROUND 59 OVER VOLTAGE 67 DIRECTIONAL OC 81 OVER/UNDER FREQ 87B BUS DIFFERENTIAL 87T TRANS DIFFERENTIAL 50/51 INST. & TIME O.C. GENERATOR PROTECTION REQUIRED OVER/UNDER VOLTAGE OVER/UNDER FREQUENCY NEGATIVE SEQUENCE REVERSE POWER VOLTAGE RESTRAINT OVER CURRENT LOSS OF EXCITATION RECOMMENDED GROUND PROTECTION DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION 87T 50 51N 50 51V INTERTIE BREAKER NEUTRAL REACTOR AO ONLY 67 2 AM CURR TDCR 1 PT W/V TDCR 27 87B AO ONLY P.F. TDCR TO RTU SUPV 25 VOLT TDCR * LIMITS POWER TO CONTRACT REQMTS. ** WHEN THE SITE LOAD IS CONNECTED TO THE HIGH VOLTAGE SIDE OF THE TRANSFORMER THE DIFFERENTIAL RELAYING MUST PROTECT THE BANK ONLY & NOT THE SITE LOAD. AN EXTRA SET OF CT's WILL BE REQUIRED ON THE TRANSFORMER HIGH SIDE TO ACCOMPLISH THIS. SYNCH SYNCH HIGH IMPEDANCE GROUNDED GENERATORS WITH GENERATOR PROTECTIVE RELAYING SITELOAD ** 1 - II - 19

63 APPENDIX A - DRAWING DISTRIBUTION INTERCONNECTION NON-DEDICATED FEEDER PRIMARY VOLTAGE CONNECTION LIPA SUBSTATION 100T OR LESS BILLING METERING PT'S PULSES TO RTU KWH OUT KWH IN REQUIRED PROTECTION DEV FUNCTION 25 SYNCH CHECK 27 UNDER VOLTAGE * 2 DIRECTIONAL POWER 50/51V INST & TD OC VOLT RES 50/51N INST & TD OC GROUND 59 OVER VOLTAGE 67 DIRECTIONAL OC 81 OVER/UNDER FREQ 87B BUS DIFFERENTIAL 87T TRANS DIFFERENTIAL 50/51 INST. & TIME O.C. GENERATOR PROTECTION REQUIRED OVER/UNDER VOLTAGE OVER/UNDER FREQUENCY NEGATIVE SEQUENCE REVERSE POWER VOLTAGE RESTRAINT OVER CURRENT LOSS OF EXCITATION RECOMMENDED GROUND PROTECTION DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION 87T 50 51N 50 51V INTERTIE BREAKER NEUTRAL REACTOR PT'S TELCO LL FROM LIPA SUB TRANSFER TRIP RECEIVER 27 87B 59 AO ONLY 67 2 AM CURR W/V P.F. TDCR TDCR TDCR 1 PT TO RTU SUPV NEUTRAL REACTOR TELCO LL TO LIPA ESO 81 AO ONLY VOLT TDCR 25 R RTU SUPV INTERTIE BKR TRIP CONT/STAT GENERATOR BREAKER STATUS ALARMS TELEMETERING * LIMITS POWER TO CONTRACT REQMTS. ** WHEN THE SITE LOAD IS CONNECTED TO THE HIGH VOLTAGE SIDE OF THE TRANSFORMER THE DIFFERENTIAL RELAYING MUST PROTECT THE BANK ONLY & NOT THE SITE LOAD. AN EXTRA SET OF CT's WILL BE REQUIRED ON THE TRANSFORMER HIGH SIDE TO ACCOMPLISH THIS. SYNCH SYNCH HIGH IMPEDANCE GROUNDED SITELOAD ** GENERATORS WITH GENERATOR PROTECTIVE RELAYING 1 - II - 20

64 Appendix B Explanation of the Requirement for A Wye Grounded Transformer All Producer generation interconnections with LIPA must be grounded sources. During a phase to ground fault on the LIPA system, the Producer's generator can be isolated with the phase to ground fault if the LIPA source opens before the Producer's protective equipment detects the fault condition and isolates from the LIPA system. If the generator is not grounded during the period it is isolated with the phase to ground fault, the neutral can shift resulting in overvoltage on the two remaining unfaulted phases. This overvoltage can reach 17% of normal and will damage LIPA phase to ground connected load or equipment isolated with the generator. To avoid the possibility of an overvoltage due to a neutral shift, LIPA requires that the Producer's generator interconnect into the LIPA system as a grounded source. The designer of the generation installation should be aware that the isolation transformer provides a path for zero sequence fault current for all phase to ground faults on the circuit. In order to limit the ground fault current from the Producer's equipment, LIPA may require that the system be designed to limit the zero sequence current (large zero sequence impedance) and still meet the grounding requirements. There are several methods to ground a source. Accepted method is to use a wye groundeddelta step-up transformer with the generator grounded. 1 - II -21

65 APPENDIX "C" SUPERVISORY LEASE LINE KNIFE SWITCH NORMAL CLOSE OPEN LOOP-BACK (TEST) TO TELCO LIPA'S REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT (RTU) * * RECV. XMIT TO TELCO TO TELCO TO TELCO TRANSFER TRIP LEASE LINE KNIFE SWITCH TO TELCO LIPA TRANSFER TRIP EQUIPMENT RECV. * XMIT * * D.P.D.T. KNIFE SWITCH - LEVITON # 9919 TO TELCO TO TELCO TO TELCO 1 - I - 22

66 Appendix D LONG ISLAND POWER AUTHORITY APPLICATION FOR PARALLEL OPERATION WITH UTILITY SERVICE Producer's Name: Contact Person: Location: Zip Code: Telephone: Service Point Location: (Name of Existing Service Point or Attach Map) The following information shall be furnished upon application by the producer of his representative for consideration in the mutual interest of the producer and the Long Island Power Authority: Generator(Complete all application items) Manufacturer: Synchronous, Induction or Other: Generator is Single Phase or Three Phase Kilowatt Rating: Kilovolt-Ampere Rating: Three Phase Generator is Connected: Delta Wye Grounded Ungrounded Impedance Grounded 1 - II -2

67 Appendix D (Cont'd.) LONG ISLAND POWER AUTHORITY APPLICATION FOR PARALLEL OPERATION WITH UTILITY SERVICE Power Factor: Volts: Amperes: R.P.M.: Field Amps: Field Volts: GENERATOR CONSTANTS AT KVA: Xd Xq T'do X'di X'q T"do X'dv Xo Ta X"di Xlm T'qo Xdv R1 T"qo X2v R2 Motoring Power kw TOTAL UNIT WR 2 lb-ft 2, H = kw-sec/kva kva Base Year Manufactured: Serial Number: Prime Mover: 1 - II -24

68 Manufacturer: Appendix D (Cont'd.) LONG ISLAND POWER AUTHORITY APPLICATION FOR PARALLEL OPERATION WITH UTILITY SERVICE Type: Energy Source:Briefly describe the cogeneration, wind, solar, hydro or other energy source Additional Required Information: (a)maximum net generated capacity to the LIPA system. kva (b)output voltage to system: kv ( ) single phase ( ) three phase (check one) Items c, d, and e apply to invertor installations only. (c)attached to this form an oscillographic print showing the wave shape of current supplied to the network system at the interface output terminals. The wave shape of the utility system voltage should also be shown on the same print. If energy source is wind, state wind velocity at time of the test and output capacity (power supplied to the system). If actual data is not available, oscillograms from a similar installation are acceptable. (d)estimated (or measured) percent wave-shape distortion, at interface output terminals, for equipment operating at maximum output. Submit calculations or certified test report. 1 - II -25

69 (e)estimated (or measured) power factor at interface output terminals for same conditions as above. Submit calculations or certified test report. 1 - II -26

70 Appendix E Voltage Flicker Curves 1 - II -27