INDEX. Firmware for DPP (Digital Pulse Processing) DPP-PSD Digital Pulse Processing for Pulse Shape Discrimination

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1 Firmware for DPP (Digital Pulse Processing) Thanks to the powerful FPGAs available nowadays, it is possible to implement Digital Pulse Processing (DPP) algorithms directly on the acquisition boards and perform real-time data analysis on the digitized pulses. The aim of Digital Pulse Processing is to reduce the amount of data to be transferred to DAQ systems and replace some of the traditional analogue boards by implementing their functionalities in dedicated firmware. CAEN Waveform Digitizers featuring Digital Pulse Processing firmware become complete multichannel data acquisition systems for Nuclear Physics and other applications involving radiation detection. INDEX Power Supplies Modular Pulse Processing Electronics Spectroscopy Solutions Educational Kit Waveform Digitizers NIM VME CAMAC Preamplifiers Powered Crates Digitizer Families Firmware for DPP (Digital Pulse Processing) Digitizers Software Liquid Argon TPC Readout System Readout System for Multiplexed Signals Digital Detector Emulator Accessories DPP-PHA Digital Pulse Processing for Pulse Height Analysis DPP-CI Digital Pulse Processing for Charge Integration DPP-PSD Digital Pulse Processing for Pulse Shape Discrimination DPP-ZLEplus Digital Pulse Processing for Zero Length Encoding

2 86 Modular Pulse Processing Electronics / Waveform Digitizers / Firmware for DPP (Digital Pulse Processing) CAEN 2014 Product Catalog DPP-PHA Digital Pulse Processing for Pulse Height Analysis CAEN Waveform Digitizers feature firmware for Digital Pulse Processing (DPP) for physics applications. The purpose of the DPP is to perform online signal processing on detector signals directly digitized, able to transform the raw sequence of samples into a compressed data packet that preserves the information required, minimizing the event data size. DPP algorithms are implemented in FPGA and can be reprogrammed at any time. In one single module you have the complete information and the capability to extract all the quantities of interest. 724 series digitizers running DPP-PHA firmware become multi-channel data acquisition systems for nuclear physics or other applications requiring radiation detection. The digitizers accept signals directly from Charge Sensitive Preamplifiers or Photomultipliers and implement a digital replacement of Shaping Amplifier and Peak Sensing ADC (Multi-Channel Analyzer). Self-Trigger using CR-RC-CR digital algorithm Trapezoidal filter for Pulse Height Analysis and Energy spectra Digital Constant Fraction Discriminator for event time measurement Gamma ray spectroscopy with Germanium and Silicon Detectors Readout of PMTs with slow scintillators (for instance NaI) Applications that require a moderate timing resolution to make coincidences Digital solution equivalent to shaping amplifier + peak sensing ADC (Multi-Channel Analyzer) Implemented in the 724 digitizer family 100 MS/s) The digitizer is directly connected to the charge sensitive preamplifier Programmable input offset, trigger and energy filter parameters Better correction of pile-up and ballistic deficit Higher counting rate (live time) Provides also timing information (pulse time stamps and/or rise/fall time) DPP-PHA is also the firmware running on the DT5780 Dual Digital MCA. DPP-PHA Control Software DPP-PHA Control Software is a demo program that allows the user to understand the principle of operation of the DPP-PHA and to manage the acquisition of signals acquired and read out from CAEN 724 series, 14-bit, 100 MS/s digitizers. Using the DPP- PHA Control Software, the user can easily set all the parameters of the Digital Pulse Processing, configure the digitizers, run the acquisition, read out the data and plot or save the results in form of waveforms as well as energy and time tag histograms or lists (see also p. 91). Block Diagram of the DPP-PHA processing chain implemented in the Digitizer AMC FPGA MC² Analyzer (MC²A) MC²A is a software supported by 724 series digitizers and Dual Digital MCA DT5780, designed to manage communication, configuration and acquisition on multiple boards, also featuring advanced mathematical analysis to be applied on the histograms. Output data are provided both as ASCII and ANSI N42.42 compliant files (see also p. 137). Free downloadable DPP-PHA Trial version. 30 min the user has to restart (power off/power on) the board Gamma and X ray spectrum acquired with a P-type HPGe detector and the DT5780, using 60 Co and 204 Tl radioactive sources

3 CAEN 2014 Product Catalog Modular Pulse Processing Electronics / Waveform Digitizers / Firmware for DPP (Digital Pulse Processing) 87 DPP-CI Digital Pulse Processing for Charge Integration Digital solution equivalent to QDC + discriminator + gate generator Implemented in the 720 digitizer family 250 MS/s) Self-Gating (no discriminator) with digital noise filtering No delay line is needed to fit the position of the pulse inside the gate Programmable Gate width and position Charge integration with automatic Baseline subtraction (pedestal) Extremely high dynamic range On-line coincidences between couples of channels Provides also timing information (pulse time stamps) CAEN Waveform Digitizers feature firmware for Digital Pulse Processing (DPP) for physics applications. The purpose of the DPP is to perform online signal processing on detector signals directly digitized, able to transform the raw sequence of samples into a compressed data packet that preserves the information required, minimizing the event data size. DPP algorithms are implemented in FPGA and can be reprogrammed at any time. In one single module you have the complete information and the capability to extract all the quantities of interest. 720 series digitizers running DPP-CI firmware become multi-channel data acquisition systems for nuclear physics or other applications requiring radiation detection. The digitizers accept signals directly from the detector and implement a digital replacement of QDC, discriminator and gate generator. Self-Trigger Input signal baseline (pedestal) calculation Charge Integration (with programmable gate parameters) with pedestal subtraction for energy calculation Readout of PMTs with fast and slow scintillators Readout of SiPM (single photon counting) Applications that require a moderate timing resolution to make coincidences DPP-CI Control Software DPP-CI Control Software is a demo program that allows the user to understand the principle of operation of the Digital Pulse Processing (DPP) and to manage the acquisition of signals acquired and read out from CAEN 720 series, 12-bit, 250 MS/s digitizers. Using the DPP-CI Control Software, the user can easily set all the parameters of the Digital Pulse Processing, configure the digitizers, run the acquisition, readout the data and plot or save the results in form of waveforms (like an oscilloscope) as well as charge and time tag histograms or lists (see also p. 91). Block Diagram of the DPP-CI processing chain implemented in the Digitizer AMC FPGA 60 Co gamma spectrum acquired with NaI detector and DPP-CI at CAEN Free downloadable DPP-CI Trial version. 30 min the user has to restart (Power off/power on) the board

4 88 Modular Pulse Processing Electronics / Waveform Digitizers / Firmware for DPP (Digital Pulse Processing) CAEN 2014 Product Catalog DPP-PSD Digital Pulse Processing for Pulse Shape Discrimination CAEN Waveform Digitizers feature firmware for Digital Pulse Processing (DPP) for physics applications. The purpose of the DPP is to perform online signal processing on detector signals directly digitized, able to transform the raw sequence of samples into a compressed data packet that preserves the information required, minimizing the event data size. DPP algorithms are implemented in FPGA and can be reprogrammed at any time. In one single module you have the complete information and the capability to extract all the quantities of interest. 720 (1) and 751 (2) series digitizers running DPP-PSD firmware become multichannel data acquisition systems for nuclear physics or other applications requiring radiation detection. The digitizers accept signals directly from the detector and implement a digital replacement of Dual Gate QDC, Discriminator and Gate Generator. Self-Trigger Input signal baseline (pedestal) calculation Dual gate generation with programmable parameters Double integration of the prompt and delayed charge for Pulse Shape Discrimination Pedestal subtraction for energy calculation Readout of PMTs coupled to organic liquid scintillators (e.g. BC501-A) Applications that require a moderate timing resolution to perform coincidences Gamma-Neutron discrimination (dual gate integration) (1) DPP-PSD runs only on x720 digitizers equipped with EP1C20 AMC FPGA. (2) DPP-PSD on x751 digitizers doesn t support DES mode (2 GS/s sampling frequency). DPP-PSD Control Software DPP-PSD Control Software is a demo program that allows the user to understand the principle of operation of the Digital Pulse Processing (DPP) and to manage the acquisition of signals acquired and read out from CAEN 720(1) series, 12-bit, 250 MS/s and 751 (2) series, 10-bit, 1 GS/s digitizers. Using the DPP-PSD Control Software, the user can easily set all the parameters of the Digital Pulse Processing, configure the digitizers, run the acquisition, readout the data and plot or save the results in form of waveforms (like an oscilloscope) as well as charge and time tag histograms or lists (see also p. 91). x720 digitizers supporting DPP-PSD Mod V Channel 12 bit 250 MS/s Digitizer - VME 6U module - ONLY versions E/F/G Mod VX Channel 12 bit 250 MS/s Digitizer - VME64X 6U module - ONLY versions E/F Mod DT Channel 12 bit 250 MS/s Digitizer - Desktop module - ONLY versions B/D Mod DT5720A - 2 Channel 12 bit 250 MS/s Digitizer - Desktop module - ONLY versions C/E Mod N Channel 12 bit 250 MS/s Digitizer - NIM module - ONLY versions B/D Mod N6720A - 2 Channel 12 bit 250 MS/s Digitizer - NIM module - ONLY versions C/E Digital solution equivalent to QDC + discriminator + gate generator Implemented in the 720 (1) digitizer family 250 MS/s) and in the 751 (2) digitizer family 1 GS/s) Self-Gating (no discriminator) with digital noise filtering No delay line is needed to fit the position of the pulse inside the gate Programmable Gate width and position Charge integration with automatic Baseline subtraction (pedestal) Extremely high dynamic range On-line coincidences between couples of channels Provides also timing information (pulse time stamps) 2D plot of Energy versus PSD using an AmBe source at 2 kcounts/s; the two labes of neutrons and gammas are well separated. The data were acquired at Duke University (TUNL). Free downloadable DPP-PSD Trial version. 30 min the user has to restart (Power off/power on) the board Block diagram of the DPP-PSD processing chain implemented into the Digitizer AMC FPGA

5 CAEN 2014 Product Catalog Modular Pulse Processing Electronics / Waveform Digitizers / Firmware for DPP (Digital Pulse Processing) 89 DPP-ZLEplus Digital Pulse Processing for Zero Length Encoding Enhanced Zero Suppression of input signals Implemented in the 751 (1) digitizer family 1 GS/s) Input signal baseline calculation Acquisition window generated by external trigger Upper and Lower Thresholds referred to the baseline or to absolute values Provides also timing information (trigger time stamps) The Zero Length Encoding (DPP-ZLEplus) firmware has been developed for the 751 (1) digitizer family. It allows the user to transfer the digitized waveforms in compressed mode, performing an enhanced Zero Suppression algorithm on the input signals. DPP-ZLEplus continuously calculates the baseline of the input signals and, whenever an external trigger occurs, it searches for the significant input pulses within an user-defined Acquisition window. An input pulse is considered significant if it either exceeds an Upper Threshold or falls below a Lower Threshold referred either to the calculated baseline or absolute values. It is possible to store not only the over threshold part of the significant pulses, but also the samples before and after the threshold crossing points by means of programmable Look Back and Look Ahead windows. Input signal baseline calculation channel by channel Acquisition window generation whenever an external trigger occurs Enhanced Zero Suppression of input signals within the Acquisition window Storage of just the pulses that cross user defined Upper or Lower Thresholds Programmable Look Back and Look Ahead windows Provides also timing information (trigger time stamps) Read out of a large number of detectors following a global trigger Application requiring an effective data reduction (1) DPP-ZLEplus doesn t support DES mode (2 GS/s sampling frequency). DPP-ZLEplus algorithm description. Custom Developments CAEN is open to collaborate with its valued clients developing custom digital solutions in specific applications. Taking advantage of its flexible and modular architecture, CAEN digitizers represent the ideal platform to implement customized solutions to fully exploit the capabilities of the digital approach in signal processing and data acquisition. Very different application fields can be covered, from Nuclear Physics to Biomedical Research, from Homeland Security to Material Science, raising the bar of performances and paving the way to complete innovative solutions.