Assessment of instrument STability and Retrieval Algorithms for SMOS data (ASTRA)
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1 Assessment of instrument STability and Retrieval Algorithms for SMOS data (ASTRA) S.Paloscia IFAC-CNR MRSG - Microwave Remote Sensing Group Florence (Italy) Microwave Remote Sensing Group
2 I - DOMEX-2 : long time stability of L-band emission at Dome-C Antarctica Giovanni Macelloni, Marco Brogioni, Simonetta Paloscia, Simone Pettinato (CNR-IFAC) Mark Drinkwater (ESA/ESTEC) Andrea Crepaz (CVA-ARPAV)
3 Objectives Verify the use of the East Antarctic plateau as an extended target for calibrating and monitoring the performances of SMOS: Evaluation of the long-time stability of L-band microwave emission by using ground data collected at Concordia station in (Domex-2) and comparison with the results obtained during Domex-1 ( ) Evaluation of spatial stability of microwave emission by using active and passive satellite data
4 Dome C: Location CSA Dome C The site is view on a sub-daily frequency by polar-orbiting satellites, at a variety of incidence and azimuth angles. Homogeneity of snow surface at the 100 km scale. Small surface roughness relative to other ice sheets. Low snow accumulation rate (around 3.7cm/yr). Clear sky, and extremely dry and stable atmosphere. Well known topography and environmental condition Concordia Station (Dome C): S, E 3270 a.s.l
5 Expected L-band stability Tbv Annual Variation (K) L Amsre-2005 SMMR-SSM/I C X Frequency (GHz) Ku Ka Extrapolation to L-band indicates average seasonal amplitude << 1 K C-band suggests that DC T b s are sufficiently stable to identify drifts in SMOS calibration But experiments needed to verify annual L-band stability
6 SMOS coverage at Dome-C Typically 2-7 overlapping passes/day N Azimuth variation Dome C 75S 125E numerous overpasses per day distributed in incidence, azimuth N Incidence variation Dome C 75S 125E Azymuth (deg) Incidence (deg)
7 DOMEX-2 Preparation L-band radiometer : New antenna Potter Horn New thermal system : 1 year experiment in extreme environmental conditions Temp = -80 C / -15 C thermal stability Minimize sun effect (during summer) Radiometer Tests and Calibration
8 The Instrument IR radiometer 180 cm 70 cm Actuator RaDomeX - Radiometer Frequency : 1413 MHz Bandwidth: 27 MHz Sensitivity = 0.2 K (Ti =2 sec) Polarization: H and V Antenna: Potter Antenna HPBW: 20 L- Band Potter Antenna
9 The Instrument Antenna : Potter horn IR -radiom 180 cm OMT Radiometer 70 cm PC
10 Thermal Tests THERMAL CHAMBER -25 /-65 C Diurnal Cycle IR Lamps solar effect ESA TEC model and design
11 Thermal test results : OMT 12 External Temperature Variation = Negligible Internal Temperature Variation
12 Radiometer Calibration Lake and Sky Measurements Anechoic Chamber
13 Radiometer Calibration Theoretical Tb (K) Tv y = x R 2 = Theoretical Tb (K) y = x R2 = Th Measured Tb (K) Measured Tb (K)
14 Domex-2 Experiment An experimental campaign (DOMEX-2) with ground based radiometers started at Concordia Base in Austral Summer 2008 to check the stability of L band emission at yearly scale, within the framework of the ESA-SMOS calibration and validation activities Snow measurements (including ice core) were carried out during the summer campaign in order to characterize physical snow properties of the first 10 meters. These data will be used as inputs to a multilayer electromagnetic model able to simulate Tb
15 The DOMEX Campaign TOWER VIEW Concordia base Air temperature Mean: - 53 degs Max: - 23 degs Min: - 78 degs
16 Tower Installation RADOMEX support RADOMEX
17 Tower Installation 15 m
18 DOMEX-2 Schedule Start : 29 November 2008 End: November 2009 (TBC) Data Transfer : Tower Base Italy (1 day) Measurements cycle: LAN 140 Incidence Angle (degs) ICE SHEET Sky (calib.) Time (min.) SMOS Fixed Angle 42
19 Complementary Snow measurements Summer Snow deposition: Grains shape and Size Classification (precipitation, hoar, wind, etc.) Winter Snow layers: Temperature Hardness Density Grains shape and Size Dielectric Constant
20 Domex-2 Preliminary results Brightness Temperature (K) Not calibrated data Tv Th Theta Tv Th Theta SNOW SKY SNOW (Fix. Ang.) Time (sec.) Incidence angle (degs)
21 Domex-2 Preliminary results Instrument Temperature Monitoring Temperature (degs.) RF components Cables and connectors Time (min.) DAILY Fluctuations < 1.5 C as expected by ESA-TEC model
22 DOMEX-2 Temporal Stability Tb - Vertical Pol (K) January / March Comparison January = blue March = pink Time (min.) Not calibrated & not temperature corrected TB differences < 1 K
23 DOMEX-2 Status and Summary The instrument has been developed and successfully tested in Italy The instrument has been installed at Concordia base Experiment started at the end of November and is now in progress Thermal stability of the instrument is confirmed (as predicted by the ESA-TEC model) First results are promising Absolute calibration will be considered in the next months (temperature correction and deconvolution effect) Satellite data analysis (spatial variability) is in progress
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