1 Lock-in Amplifier Introduction
|
|
- Marilynn Daniels
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1 Lock-in Amplifier Introduction The purpose of this laboratory is to introduce the student to the lock-in amplifier. A lock-in amplifier is a nearly ubiquitous piece of laboratory equipment, and can serve several functions. It is also the most sensitive piece of equipment that is commonly found in modern labs. Certainly there are more sensitive devices, but they are specialized. Lock-in amplifers are common. References: Melissinos and Napolitano, p. 144 (section 3.8). A basic lock-in amplifier experiment for the undergraduate laboratory, Libbrecht, Black, and Hirata, Am. J. Phys. 71, 1208, (2003). (Attached.) The lock-in amplifier we will use is produced by Stanford Reserch Systems, model SRS-810. It is a digital signal processor lock-in, meaning that much of the circuitry and processing inside is digital, whereas the classical lock-in is a purely analog device. Do not be confused, though. The input of this device is capable of nano-volt measurements! WARNING: This is probably the most sensitive device you will use this semester. Treat it carefully! First, you will demonstate the ability of a lock-in amplifier to find a (relatively large) signal buried in (a very large amount of) noise. This will be quick and straightforward. Next, and this is the real part of the lab, you will measure the resistance and inductance per unit length of a short piece of 20 gauge copper wire that I will supply. The resistance that you will measure is some few milli-ohms. This is much too small to see with an ordinary hand-held meter. Nonetheless, you will find that you can make the measurement with an uncertainty of only a percent or so. I will not tell you the inductance of the wire, but you will find that it is just as easy to measure. 2 Demonstration In the demonstration, you will see the ability of a lock-in amplifier to find a signal in the presence of a lot of noise. The lock-in can do this because the signal will be modulated at a specific frequency, whereas the noise is broad-band. By looking at exactly the frequency that the signal is modulated, the lock-in can reject most of the noise. In this demonstration, the signal will be the output of an LED that is modulated by an optical chopper. 1
2 On the lab bench is an LED and a photo-diode. Both are battery operated, so turn them both on. The LED puts out about 25 mw, so it s not very bright. Put the LED about 1 m from the photodiode. Turn off the room lights, and observe the light from the LED. Make sure it is pointed at the photodiode. Connect the output of the photodiode to the channel-1 input of the oscilloscope. Set the scope to auto-trigger, so that there is a trace I recommend a sweep time of 5 ms per division. Set the vertical zero to be at the bottom of the screen. Set the vertical gain so that the signal from the photodiode is around the middle of the screen. Using the switch on the box holding the LED, turn the LED on and off, and see that the signal on the scope goes to zero and back. Now, turn on the room lights and do all this again. You should find that there is no way (without moving the source or detector, or blocking the lights) that you can see the signal from the LED with the room lights swamping the signal. This is an important lesson! It is common that you want to see a signal in the presence of way too much background noise. So what do you do? Turn on the lock-in amplifier, and wait for it to finish its self-tests. Set the time constant to 1 second and the sensitivity to 1 Volt. Turn on the optical chopper, and connect the reference output of the chopper to the reference input of the lock-in. This enables the lock-in to look at signals modulated at a specfic frequency, and at a specific phase with respect to that frequency. Place the optical chopper so that the light from the LED goes through the blades of the chopper. WARNING: The chopper blades are spinning very rapidly. Take care not to get your fingers or other body parts caught in the blades! Connect the output of the photo-diode to the signal input of the lock-in amplifier. Now, slowly increase the sensitivity of the lock-in. Change it in steps, from 1 V, to 500 mv, 200 mv, 100 mv, 50 mv, etc. Take your steps slowly, so you don t saturate the input. You should only change the sensitivity about once per the amount of time you have programmed as the time constant of the lock-in (1 second in this case.) At some point, you should get a nice clear signal that is very constant. Now, turn off the LED with the switch on the box. Now, turn it back on. See the signal come and go, even with all the background noise from the room lights! This should be an impressive demonstration of the power of a lock-in amplifier. You may find that the phase of the signal is different from the phase of the reference coming from optical chopper. this is because as you change the position of the blades, the exact moment when they block and unblock the LED changes. The lock-in can find this phase shift. Just press the auto-phase button, and you may get a boost in signal. You can also try lowering the time constant to 300 ms or 100 ms. Doing so will result in less signal-to-noise, but you may have so much that you can spare it! The result will be a much more responsive device to changes in the output of the LED. 2
3 When you are done, turn off the battery operated LED and photo-detector, and turn off the optical chopper. Move the LED and chopper out of the way (being careful with the chopper.) 3 Measurements You have been given a short piece of 20 gauge copper wire. You are to measure the resistance and inductance per unit length of the wire. For your convenience, I stripped both ends, and soldered a 1.2 kω resistor to one end of the wire. Measure the length of the copper wire. Measure the resistance of the resistor that I soldered on. (Never trust the colored bands always check it with a meter.) Connect the lo output of the Wavetek model 182A function generator to the oscilloscope, and set the function generator to produce a 100 Hz sine wave with 1 V amplitude and zero DC offset. Now, use a BNC tee and connect the output of the function generator to both the reference input of the lock-in and across your wire and resistor. Use one of the cables that ends with easy-hooks to connect to the wire. Set the input sensitivity of the lock-in to 1 V and the time constant to 100 ms. Use another cable with easy-hooks to connect the the same voltage (wire and resistor) to the signal input of the lock-in. The lock-in will display the RMS voltage at its input, which should be about V if you correctly set the function generator amplitude to 1 V. Now, move one of the easy-hooks that is connected to the lock-in input so that it is looking only across your wire. The signal will be very low. Slowly increase the sensitivity, from 1 V in steps down, until you get a clean reading of the RMS voltage across your wire. The signal probably will not be very stable. Now, increase the timeconstant of the lock-in from 100 ms to 3 s. You will now always have to wait about seconds (3-5 time constants) after any change before making a measurement. But now, the voltage read by the lock-in should be stable, and roughly 5 micro-volts. You have just measured a 5 micro-volt signal with high precision! looks like this: The set-up Wavetek function generator Va 1.2 kω Clip here for full voltage Here for small voltage easy hookers wire V b SRS 810 lock in input reference Figure 1: Experimental arrangement for measuring voltage across a short piece of wire. 3
4 Complex voltage Now, change the phase of the lock-in by +90 degrees. You are now looking at the voltage that is 90 degress out of phase from the reference. This should be nearly zero the voltage across your wire is in phase with the driving voltage. If you think of the voltage across the wire as a complex function, V = Ae iωt, then the voltage measured at zero phase is Re[A] and the voltage measured at +90 is Im[A]. You should now repeat these measurements for different frequencies of the sine wave. Measure both real and imaginary parts of the voltage (both in-phase and +90 out of phase) across the resistor+wire (V a ), and across the wire only (V b ), at 10 Hz, 30 Hz, 100 Hz, 300 Hz, 1 khz, 3 khz, 10 khz, 30 khz, and 100 khz. (The maximum frequency of this particular lock-in is 100 khz.) Be careful when you change the hooks from the large voltage to the small it is good to avoid putting a large voltage on the lock-in when the sensitivity is set for a low voltage. You expect the data to be something like this: Freqency (Hz) V a (Volts) V b (µ-volts) in-phase +90 in-phase When I took the above data, I made an error. Your data should be better. Now, cut the wire so it is 1/2 its original length and repeat the measurement. 4 Analysis First, plot your data. I want you to plot the real and imaginary parts (in-phase and +90 ) of the small voltages across your wire as a function of frequency. For the data above, the plot is shown in Fig. 2. What does this mean? Well, it is clear that if we want the real resistance then we have to use the low frequency measurements. Something is making the voltage drop at high frequency. So, using your data, get a good average for the real part of the resistance of your wire at low frequencies. From the circuit in Fig. 1 we see that: V b = V a R 1 + R 2 R 2 4
5 Figure 2: Real (solid circles) and imaginary (open circles) voltage across wire as a function of frequency. where R 1 is the resistance of the 1.2 kω resistor and R 2 is the wire. approximation that R 2 R 1 we see Making the R 2 = R 1 V 2 V 1 This gives you the resistance of the wire. Your answer should be smaller than anything you could have measured with an ordinary instrument! Next, look at the imaginary part of the resistance as a function of frequency. For high frequency, you see that the voltage increases linearly with frequency, just as for an inductor. Using the relationship Im[V ] = Lω gives the self-inductance of the wire. How can you verify that you are measuring an inductance and not some other frequency-dependent effect, such as capacitance? Repeat this analysis for the 2/3 and 1/3 lengths of the wire. Show how the resistance and inductance depend on the length. Derive your best estimate for the resistance and inductance per unit length of this wire. Estimate your uncertainty in these results. Look up the conductivity of copper. The diameter of the wire is inches. What number does this give for the resistance per unit length, and how does that compare to your measured value? 5
CHAPTER 6. Motor Driver
CHAPTER 6 Motor Driver In this lab, we will construct the circuitry that your robot uses to drive its motors. However, before testing the motor circuit we will begin by making sure that you are able to
More informationJohnson Noise and the Boltzmann Constant
Johnson Noise and the Boltzmann Constant 1 Introduction The purpose of this laboratory is to study Johnson Noise and to measure the Boltzmann constant k. You will also get use a low-noise pre-amplifier,
More informationExperiment 1: Instrument Familiarization (8/28/06)
Electrical Measurement Issues Experiment 1: Instrument Familiarization (8/28/06) Electrical measurements are only as meaningful as the quality of the measurement techniques and the instrumentation applied
More informationExperiment 1: Instrument Familiarization
Electrical Measurement Issues Experiment 1: Instrument Familiarization Electrical measurements are only as meaningful as the quality of the measurement techniques and the instrumentation applied to the
More information10: AMPLIFIERS. Circuit Connections in the Laboratory. Op-Amp. I. Introduction
10: AMPLIFIERS Circuit Connections in the Laboratory From now on you will construct electrical circuits and test them. The usual way of constructing circuits would be to solder each electrical connection
More informationGroup: Names: (1) In this step you will examine the effects of AC coupling of an oscilloscope.
3.5 Laboratory Procedure / Summary Sheet Group: Names: (1) In this step you will examine the effects of AC coupling of an oscilloscope. Set the function generator to produce a 5 V pp 1kHz sinusoidal output.
More informationME 365 EXPERIMENT 1 FAMILIARIZATION WITH COMMONLY USED INSTRUMENTATION
Objectives: ME 365 EXPERIMENT 1 FAMILIARIZATION WITH COMMONLY USED INSTRUMENTATION The primary goal of this laboratory is to study the operation and limitations of several commonly used pieces of instrumentation:
More informationPrecalculations Individual Portion Introductory Lab: Basic Operation of Common Laboratory Instruments
Name: Date of lab: Section number: M E 345. Lab 1 Precalculations Individual Portion Introductory Lab: Basic Operation of Common Laboratory Instruments Precalculations Score (for instructor or TA use only):
More informationLLS - Introduction to Equipment
Published on Advanced Lab (http://experimentationlab.berkeley.edu) Home > LLS - Introduction to Equipment LLS - Introduction to Equipment All pages in this lab 1. Low Light Signal Measurements [1] 2. Introduction
More informationLaboratory 3 (drawn from lab text by Alciatore)
Laboratory 3 (drawn from lab text by Alciatore) The Oscilloscope Required Components: 1 10 resistor 2 100 resistors 2 lk resistors 1 2k resistor 2 4.7M resistors 1 0.F capacitor 1 0.1 F capacitor 1 1.0uF
More informationLab E5: Filters and Complex Impedance
E5.1 Lab E5: Filters and Complex Impedance Note: It is strongly recommended that you complete lab E4: Capacitors and the RC Circuit before performing this experiment. Introduction Ohm s law, a well known
More informationUniversity of Jordan School of Engineering Electrical Engineering Department. EE 204 Electrical Engineering Lab
University of Jordan School of Engineering Electrical Engineering Department EE 204 Electrical Engineering Lab EXPERIMENT 1 MEASUREMENT DEVICES Prepared by: Prof. Mohammed Hawa EXPERIMENT 1 MEASUREMENT
More informationAPPENDIX D DISCUSSION OF ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS
APPENDIX D DISCUSSION OF ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS DC POWER SUPPLIES We will discuss these instruments one at a time, starting with the DC power supply. The simplest DC power supplies are batteries which
More informationSampling and Reconstruction
Experiment 10 Sampling and Reconstruction In this experiment we shall learn how an analog signal can be sampled in the time domain and then how the same samples can be used to reconstruct the original
More informationClass #9: Experiment Diodes Part II: LEDs
Class #9: Experiment Diodes Part II: LEDs Purpose: The objective of this experiment is to become familiar with the properties and uses of LEDs, particularly as a communication device. This is a continuation
More informationLABORATORY 4. Palomar College ENGR210 Spring 2017 ASSIGNED: 3/21/17
LABORATORY 4 ASSIGNED: 3/21/17 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this lab is to evaluate the transient and steady-state circuit response of first order and second order circuits. MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST: You will
More informationAC Measurements with the Agilent 54622D Oscilloscope
AC Measurements with the Agilent 54622D Oscilloscope Objectives: At the end of this experiment you will be able to do the following: 1. Correctly configure the 54622D for measurement of voltages. 2. Perform
More informationAME140 Lab #2 INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC TEST EQUIPMENT AND BASIC ELECTRONICS MEASUREMENTS
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC TEST EQUIPMENT AND BASIC ELECTRONICS MEASUREMENTS The purpose of this document is to guide students through a few simple activities to increase familiarity with basic electronics
More informationWELCOME TO PHYC 307L Junior Lab II
WELCOME TO PHYC 307L Junior Lab II Spring Semester 2019 Instructor: Dr Michael Hasselbeck Challenging Modern Physics experiments Require independent problem solving harder than intro physics labs 10 experiments
More informationPhysics 310 Lab 2 Circuit Transients and Oscilloscopes
Physics 310 Lab 2 Circuit Transients and Oscilloscopes Equipment: function generator, oscilloscope, two BNC cables, BNC T connector, BNC banana adapter, breadboards, wire packs, some banana cables, three
More informationName Date: Course number: MAKE SURE TA & TI STAMPS EVERY PAGE BEFORE YOU START EXPERIMENT 10. Electronic Circuits
Laboratory Section: Last Revised on September 21, 2016 Partners Names: Grade: EXPERIMENT 10 Electronic Circuits 1. Pre-Laboratory Work [2 pts] 1. How are you going to determine the capacitance of the unknown
More informationResonant Frequency of the LRC Circuit (Power Output, Voltage Sensor)
72 Resonant Frequency of the LRC Circuit (Power Output, Voltage Sensor) Equipment List Qty Items Part Numbers 1 PASCO 750 Interface 1 Voltage Sensor CI-6503 1 AC/DC Electronics Laboratory EM-8656 2 Banana
More informationLab 3: AC Low pass filters (version 1.3)
Lab 3: AC Low pass filters (version 1.3) WARNING: Use electrical test equipment with care! Always double-check connections before applying power. Look for short circuits, which can quickly destroy expensive
More informationPart 1: DC Concepts and Measurement
EE 110 Introduction to Engineering & Laboratory Experience Saeid Rahimi, Ph.D. Lab 1 DC Concepts and Measurement: Ohm's Law, Voltage ad Current Introduction to Analog Discovery Scope Last week we introduced
More informationPress Cursors and use the appropriate X and Y functions to measure period and peak-peak voltage of the square wave.
Equipment Review To assure that everyone is up to speed for the hurdles ahead, the first lab of the semester is traditionally an easy review of electrical laboratory fundamentals. There will, however,
More informationEE 210: CIRCUITS AND DEVICES
EE 210: CIRCUITS AND DEVICES LAB #3: VOLTAGE AND CURRENT MEASUREMENTS This lab features a tutorial on the instrumentation that you will be using throughout the semester. More specifically, you will see
More informationThe preferred Exercise is shown in Exercises 5B or 5C.
ECE 231 Laboratory Exercise 5A The preferred Exercise is shown in Exercises 5B or 5C. Laboratory Group (Names) OBJECTIVES Validate the Schottky diode equation. Calculate the dc and dynamic (ac) resistance
More informationPhysics 120 Lab 1 (2018) - Instruments and DC Circuits
Physics 120 Lab 1 (2018) - Instruments and DC Circuits Welcome to the first laboratory exercise in Physics 120. Your state-of-the art equipment includes: Digital oscilloscope w/usb output for SCREENSHOTS.
More informationLab E5: Filters and Complex Impedance
E5.1 Lab E5: Filters and Complex Impedance Note: It is strongly recommended that you complete lab E4: Capacitors and the RC Circuit before performing this experiment. Introduction Ohm s law, a well known
More informationPhysics 309 Lab 3 Bipolar junction transistor
Physics 39 Lab 3 Bipolar junction transistor The purpose of this third lab is to learn the principles of operation of a bipolar junction transistor, how to characterize its performances, and how to use
More informationEE2210 Laboratory Project 1 Fall 2013 Function Generator and Oscilloscope
EE2210 Laboratory Project 1 Fall 2013 Function Generator and Oscilloscope For students to become more familiar with oscilloscopes and function generators. Pre laboratory Work Read the TDS 210 Oscilloscope
More information11. AC-resistances of capacitor and inductors: Reactances.
11. AC-resistances of capacitor and inductors: Reactances. Purpose: To study the behavior of the AC voltage signals across elements in a simple series connection of a resistor with an inductor and with
More informationPhysics 323. Experiment # 1 - Oscilloscope and Breadboard
Physics 323 Experiment # 1 - Oscilloscope and Breadboard Introduction In order to familiarise yourself with the laboratory equipment, a few simple experiments are to be performed. References: XYZ s of
More informationMASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Name: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 6.091 Hands-On Introduction to EE Lab Skills Laboratory No. 1 Oscilloscopes, Multimeter, Function Generator IAP 2008 1 Objective In this laboratory, you will
More informationElectron Spin Resonance v2.0
Electron Spin Resonance v2.0 Background. This experiment measures the dimensionless g-factor (g s ) of an unpaired electron using the technique of Electron Spin Resonance, also known as Electron Paramagnetic
More informationLab 2: Linear and Nonlinear Circuit Elements and Networks
OPTI 380B Intermediate Optics Laboratory Lab 2: Linear and Nonlinear Circuit Elements and Networks Objectives: Lean how to use: Function of an oscilloscope probe. Characterization of capacitors and inductors
More informationWeek 8 AM Modulation and the AM Receiver
Week 8 AM Modulation and the AM Receiver The concept of modulation and radio transmission is introduced. An AM receiver is studied and the constructed on the prototyping board. The operation of the AM
More informationInstructions for the final examination:
School of Information, Computer and Communication Technology Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University Practice Problems for the Final Examination COURSE : ECS304 Basic Electrical
More informationExperiment 6: Biasing Circuitry
1 Objective UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY College of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences EE105 Lab Experiments Experiment 6: Biasing Circuitry Setting up a biasing
More informationUSE OF BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS Part II, & ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENT ERROR 1
EE 241 Experiment #3: USE OF BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS Part II, & ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENT ERROR 1 PURPOSE: To become familiar with additional the instruments in the laboratory. To become aware
More informationLAB 1: Familiarity with Laboratory Equipment (_/10)
LAB 1: Familiarity with Laboratory Equipment (_/10) PURPOSE o gain familiarity with basic laboratory equipment oscilloscope, oscillator, multimeter and electronic components. EQUIPMEN (i) Oscilloscope
More informationEE 241 Experiment #4: USE OF BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, Part III 1
EE 241 Experiment #4: USE OF BASIC ELECTRONIC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, Part III 1 PURPOSE: To become familiar with more of the instruments in the laboratory. To become aware of operating limitations of input
More informationSept 13 Pre-lab due Sept 12; Lab memo due Sept 19 at the START of lab time, 1:10pm
Sept 13 Pre-lab due Sept 12; Lab memo due Sept 19 at the START of lab time, 1:10pm EGR 220: Engineering Circuit Theory Lab 1: Introduction to Laboratory Equipment Pre-lab Read through the entire lab handout
More informationECE Electronics Circuits and Electronics Devices Laboratory. Gregg Chapman
ECE 2300 Electronics Circuits and Electronics Devices Laboratory Gregg Chapman Laboratory 6 Diodes Background Diodes Small Signal Rectifiers Half wave Full Wave Zener Diodes Light Emitting Diodes (LED)
More informationEE 230 Lab Lab 9. Prior to Lab
MOS transistor characteristics This week we look at some MOS transistor characteristics and circuits. Most of the measurements will be done with our usual lab equipment, but we will also use the parameter
More informationEXPERIMENT 1 PRELIMINARY MATERIAL
EXPERIMENT 1 PRELIMINARY MATERIAL BREADBOARD A solderless breadboard, like the basic model in Figure 1, consists of a series of square holes, and those columns of holes are connected to each other via
More informationBLACKBODY RADIATION PHYSICS 359E
BLACKBODY RADIATION PHYSICS 359E INTRODUCTION In this laboratory, you will make measurements intended to illustrate the Stefan-Boltzmann Law for the total radiated power per unit area I tot (in W m 2 )
More information2 : AC signals, the signal generator and the Oscilloscope
2 : AC signals, the signal generator and the Oscilloscope Expected outcomes After conducting this practical, the student should be able to do the following Set up a signal generator to provide a specific
More informationExperiment 6: Biasing Circuitry
1 Objective UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY College of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences EE105 Lab Experiments Experiment 6: Biasing Circuitry Setting up a biasing
More informationLab Equipment EECS 311 Fall 2009
Lab Equipment EECS 311 Fall 2009 Contents Lab Equipment Overview pg. 1 Lab Components.. pg. 4 Probe Compensation... pg. 8 Finite Instrumentation Impedance. pg.10 Simulation Tools..... pg. 10 1 - Laboratory
More informationIntroduction to the Laboratory
Memorial University of Newfoundland Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography Physics 2055 Laboratory Introduction to the Laboratory The purpose of this lab is to introduce you to some of the equipment
More informationNotes on Experiment #1
Notes on Experiment #1 Bring graph paper (cm cm is best) From this week on, be sure to print a copy of each experiment and bring it with you to lab. There will not be any experiment copies available in
More informationUniversity of Utah Electrical & Computer Engineering Department ECE 2210/2200 Lab 4 Oscilloscope
University of Utah Electrical & Computer Engineering Department ECE 2210/2200 Lab 4 Oscilloscope Objectives 1 Introduce the Oscilloscope and learn some uses. 2 Observe Audio signals. 3 Introduce the Signal
More informationEE EXPERIMENT 2 ANALOG AND DIGITAL MULTIMETERS INTRODUCTION. Figure 1: Internal resistance of a non-ideal ammeter.
Consider the two circuits shown in Figure 1 below. EE 2101 - EXPERIMENT 2 ANALOG AND DIGITAL MULTIMETERS INTRODUCTION Figure 1: Internal resistance of a non-ideal ammeter. The circuit on the left contains
More informationExercise 1: RF Stage, Mixer, and IF Filter
SSB Reception Analog Communications Exercise 1: RF Stage, Mixer, and IF Filter EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION On the circuit board, you will set up the SSB transmitter to transmit a 1000 khz SSB signal
More informationA Simple Notch Type Harmonic Distortion Analyzer
by Kenneth A. Kuhn Nov. 28, 2009, rev. Nov. 29, 2009 Introduction This note describes a simple notch type harmonic distortion analyzer that can be constructed with basic parts. It is intended for use in
More informationClass #7: Experiment L & C Circuits: Filters and Energy Revisited
Class #7: Experiment L & C Circuits: Filters and Energy Revisited In this experiment you will revisit the voltage oscillations of a simple LC circuit. Then you will address circuits made by combining resistors
More informationAC Magnitude and Phase
AC Magnitude and Phase Objectives: oday's experiment provides practical experience with the meaning of magnitude and phase in a linear circuits and the use of phasor algebra to predict the response of
More informationECE 53A: Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering I
ECE 53A: Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering I Laboratory Assignment #1: Instrument Operation, Basic Resistor Measurements and Kirchhoff s Laws Fall 2007 General Guidelines: - Record data and observations
More informationExp. #2-6 : Measurement of the Characteristics of,, and Circuits by Using an Oscilloscope
PAGE 1/14 Exp. #2-6 : Measurement of the Characteristics of,, and Circuits by Using an Oscilloscope Student ID Major Name Team No. Experiment Lecturer Student's Mentioned Items Experiment Class Date Submission
More informationOn-Line Students Analog Discovery 2: Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG). Two channel oscilloscope
EET 150 Introduction to EET Lab Activity 8 Function Generator Introduction Required Parts, Software and Equipment Parts Figure 1 Component /Value Quantity Resistor 10 kω, ¼ Watt, 5% Tolerance 1 Resistor
More informationECE 4670 Spring 2014 Lab 1 Linear System Characteristics
ECE 4670 Spring 2014 Lab 1 Linear System Characteristics 1 Linear System Characteristics The first part of this experiment will serve as an introduction to the use of the spectrum analyzer in making absolute
More informationOn-Line Students Analog Discovery 2: Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG). Two channel oscilloscope
EET 150 Introduction to EET Lab Activity 5 Oscilloscope Introduction Required Parts, Software and Equipment Parts Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 Component /Value Quantity Resistor 10 kω, ¼ Watt, 5% Tolerance
More informationGoals of the Lab: Photodetectors and Noise (Part 2) Department of Physics. Slide 1. PHYSICS6770 Laboratory 4
Slide 1 Goals of the Lab: Understand the origin and properties of thermal noise Understand the origin and properties of optical shot noise In this lab, You will qualitatively and quantitatively determine
More informationAppendix A: Laboratory Equipment Manual
Appendix A: Laboratory Equipment Manual 1. Introduction: This appendix is a manual for equipment used in experiments 1-8. As a part of this series of laboratory exercises, students must acquire a minimum
More informationECE 2274 Lab 1 (Intro)
ECE 2274 Lab 1 (Intro) Richard Dumene: Spring 2018 Revised: Richard Cooper: Spring 2018 Forward (DO NOT TURN IN) The purpose of this lab course is to familiarize you with high-end lab equipment, and train
More informationLaboratory Exercise 6 THE OSCILLOSCOPE
Introduction Laboratory Exercise 6 THE OSCILLOSCOPE The aim of this exercise is to introduce you to the oscilloscope (often just called a scope), the most versatile and ubiquitous laboratory measuring
More informationOperational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifiers Reading Horowitz & Hill handout Notes, Chapter 9 Introduction and Objective In this lab we will examine op-amps. We will look at a few of their vast number of uses and also investigate
More informationPHY 123/253 Shot Noise
PHY 123/253 Shot Noise HISTORY Complete Pre- Lab before starting this experiment In 1918, experimental physicist Walter Scottky working in the research lab at Siemens was investigating the origins of noise
More informationB. Equipment. Advanced Lab
Advanced Lab Measuring Periodic Signals Using a Digital Oscilloscope A. Introduction and Background We will use a digital oscilloscope to characterize several different periodic voltage signals. We will
More informationEXPERIMENT 7 The Amplifier
Objectives EXPERIMENT 7 The Amplifier 1) Understand the operation of the differential amplifier. 2) Determine the gain of each side of the differential amplifier. 3) Determine the gain of the differential
More informationPHASES IN A SERIES LRC CIRCUIT
PHASES IN A SERIES LRC CIRCUIT Introduction: In this lab, we will use a computer interface to analyze a series circuit consisting of an inductor (L), a resistor (R), a capacitor (C), and an AC power supply.
More informationECE Lab #4 OpAmp Circuits with Negative Feedback and Positive Feedback
ECE 214 Lab #4 OpAmp Circuits with Negative Feedback and Positive Feedback 20 February 2018 Introduction: The TL082 Operational Amplifier (OpAmp) and the Texas Instruments Analog System Lab Kit Pro evaluation
More informationEquipment: You will use the bench power supply, function generator and oscilloscope.
EE203 Lab #0 Laboratory Equipment and Measurement Techniques Purpose Your objective in this lab is to gain familiarity with the properties and effective use of the lab power supply, function generator
More informationECE 231 Laboratory Exercise 3 Oscilloscope/Function-Generator Operation ECE 231 Laboratory Exercise 3 Oscilloscope/Function Generator Operation
ECE 231 Laboratory Exercise 3 Oscilloscope/Function Generator Operation Laboratory Group (Names) OBJECTIVES Gain experience in using an oscilloscope to measure time varying signals. Gain experience in
More informationEECS 318 Electronics Lab Laboratory #2 Electronic Test Equipment
EECS 318 Electronics Lab Laboratory #2 Electronic Test Equipment Objectives: The purpose of this laboratory is to acquaint you with the electronic sources and measuring equipment you will be using throughout
More informationExperiment 8: An AC Circuit
Experiment 8: An AC Circuit PART ONE: AC Voltages. Set up this circuit. Use R = 500 Ω, L = 5.0 mh and C =.01 μf. A signal generator built into the interface provides the emf to run the circuit from Output
More informationTHE BENEFITS OF DSP LOCK-IN AMPLIFIERS
THE BENEFITS OF DSP LOCK-IN AMPLIFIERS If you never heard of or don t understand the term lock-in amplifier, you re in good company. With the exception of the optics industry where virtually every major
More informationLab #2: Electrical Measurements II AC Circuits and Capacitors, Inductors, Oscillators and Filters
Lab #2: Electrical Measurements II AC Circuits and Capacitors, Inductors, Oscillators and Filters Goal: In circuits with a time-varying voltage, the relationship between current and voltage is more complicated
More informationUniversity of North Carolina, Charlotte Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECGR 3157 EE Design II Fall 2009
University of North Carolina, Charlotte Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECGR 3157 EE Design II Fall 2009 Lab 1 Power Amplifier Circuits Issued August 25, 2009 Due: September 11, 2009
More informationPHYSICS 326 LAB # 1: The Oscilloscope and Signal Generators 1/6
PHYSICS 326 LAB # 1: The Oscilloscope and Signal Generators 1/6 PURPOSE: To be sure that each student begins the course with at least the minimum required knowledge of two instruments which we will be
More informationThe Oscilloscope. Vision is the art of seeing things invisible. J. Swift ( ) OBJECTIVE To learn to operate a digital oscilloscope.
The Oscilloscope Vision is the art of seeing things invisible. J. Swift (1667-1745) OBJECTIVE To learn to operate a digital oscilloscope. THEORY The oscilloscope, or scope for short, is a device for drawing
More informationLab 6: Instrumentation Amplifier
Lab 6: Instrumentation Amplifier INTRODUCTION: A fundamental building block for electrical measurements of biological signals is an instrumentation amplifier. In this lab, you will explore the operation
More informationExperiment 1.A. Working with Lab Equipment. ECEN 2270 Electronics Design Laboratory 1
.A Working with Lab Equipment Electronics Design Laboratory 1 1.A.0 1.A.1 3 1.A.4 Procedures Turn in your Pre Lab before doing anything else Setup the lab waveform generator to output desired test waveforms,
More informationET1210: Module 5 Inductance and Resonance
Part 1 Inductors Theory: When current flows through a coil of wire, a magnetic field is created around the wire. This electromagnetic field accompanies any moving electric charge and is proportional to
More informationPh 3455 The Franck-Hertz Experiment
Ph 3455 The Franck-Hertz Experiment Required background reading Tipler, Llewellyn, section 4-5 Prelab Questions 1. In this experiment, we will be using neon rather than mercury as described in the textbook.
More informationPOLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY Electrical Engineering Department. EE SOPHOMORE LABORATORY Experiment 3 The Oscilloscope
POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY Electrical Engineering Department EE SOPHOMORE LABORATORY Experiment 3 The Oscilloscope Modified for Physics 18, Brooklyn College I. Overview of the Experiment The main objective
More informationPHYS 235: Homework Problems
PHYS 235: Homework Problems 1. The illustration is a facsimile of an oscilloscope screen like the ones you use in lab. sinusoidal signal from your function generator is the input for Channel 1, and your
More informationIntroduction to Basic Laboratory Instruments
Introduction to Contents: 1. Objectives... 2 2. Laboratory Safety... 2 3.... 2 4. Using a DC Power Supply... 2 5. Using a Function Generator... 3 5.1 Turn on the Instrument... 3 5.2 Setting Signal Type...
More informationExperiment 5 The Oscilloscope
Experiment 5 The Oscilloscope Vision is the art of seeing things invisible. J. Swift (1667-1745) OBJECTIVE To learn to operate a cathode ray oscilloscope. THEORY The oscilloscope, or scope for short, is
More informationDigital Applications of the Operational Amplifier
Lab Procedure 1. Objective This project will show the versatile operation of an operational amplifier in a voltage comparator (Schmitt Trigger) circuit and a sample and hold circuit. 2. Components Qty
More informationExperiment #7: Designing and Measuring a Common-Emitter Amplifier
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING ECE 2115: ENGINEERING ELECTRONICS LABORATORY Experiment #7: Designing and Measuring a Common-Emitter Amplifier
More informationWireless Communication
Equipment and Instruments Wireless Communication An oscilloscope, a signal generator, an LCR-meter, electronic components (see the table below), a container for components, and a Scotch tape. Component
More informationExperiment P45: LRC Circuit (Power Amplifier, Voltage Sensor)
PASCO scientific Vol. 2 Physics Lab Manual: P45-1 Experiment P45: (Power Amplifier, Voltage Sensor) Concept Time SW Interface Macintosh file Windows file circuits 30 m 700 P45 P45_LRCC.SWS EQUIPMENT NEEDED
More informationECE4902 C Lab 7
ECE902 C2012 - Lab MOSFET Differential Amplifier Resistive Load Active Load PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this lab is to measure the performance of the differential amplifier. This is an important topology
More informationInstrument Usage in Circuits Lab
Instrument Usage in Circuits Lab This document contains descriptions of the various components and instruments that will be used in Circuit Analysis laboratory. Descriptions currently exist for the following
More information332:223 Principles of Electrical Engineering I Laboratory Experiment #2 Title: Function Generators and Oscilloscopes Suggested Equipment:
RUTGERS UNIVERSITY The State University of New Jersey School of Engineering Department Of Electrical and Computer Engineering 332:223 Principles of Electrical Engineering I Laboratory Experiment #2 Title:
More informationresistor box inductor 3 BNC to banana + V L
Physics ab II Inductance and Circuit Page 1/5 Name: Partner: Partner: Purpose: To investigate how the voltage across an inductor changes in response to changing currents. To measure the inductance by measuring
More informationThe measurement of loop gain in feedback seismometers Brett M. Nordgren April 9, 1999 Rev.
Introduction The measurement of loop gain in feedback seismometers Brett M. Nordgren http://bnordgren.org/contactb.html April 9, 1999 Rev. October 5, 2004 In reading the messages coming through PSN-L,
More informationOscilloscope Measurements
PC1143 Physics III Oscilloscope Measurements 1 Purpose Investigate the fundamental principles and practical operation of the oscilloscope using signals from a signal generator. Measure sine and other waveform
More information