Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, Ultra-Low-Voltage, Rail-to-Rail I/O Comparators

Transcription

1 9-; Rev ; / Single/Dual/Quad, Micropower, General Description The MAX9 MAX9 single/dual/quad micropower comparators feature rail-to-rail inputs and outputs, and fully specified single-supply operation down to +.V. These devices draw less than µa per comparator and have open-drain outputs that can be pulled beyond to V (max) above ground. In addition, their rail-to-rail input common-mode voltage range makes these comparators suitable for ultra-low-voltage operation. A +.V to +.V single-supply operating voltage range makes the MAX9 family of comparators ideal for -cell battery-powered applications. The MAX9/MAX9/ MAX9/MAX99 offer programmable hysteresis and an internal.v ±.% reference. All devices are available in either space-saving -pin µmax or -pin QSOP packages. Applications -Cell Battery-Powered/Portable Systems Window Comparators Threshold Detectors/Discriminators Mobile Communications Voltage-Level Translation Ground/Supply-Sensing Applications Selector Guide PART INTERNAL ERENCE COMPARATORS PER PACKAGE PROGRAMMABLE ERESIS MAX9 Yes Yes MAX9 No No MAX9 Yes Yes Features Ultra-Low Single-Supply Operation down to +.V Rail-to-Rail Common-Mode Input Voltage Range µa Quiescent Supply Current per Comparator Open-Drain Outputs Swing Beyond.V ±.% Precision Internal Reference (MAX9/9/9/99) µs Propagation Delay (mv overdrive) Available in Space-Saving Packages: -Pin µmax (MAX9 MAX9) -Pin QSOP (MAX99/MAX9) V IN PART IN+ Ordering Information TEMP RANGE IN- PIN- PACKAGE PKG CODE MAX9ESA - C to + C SO S- MAX9EUA-T - C to + C µmax- U- MAX9ESA - C to + C SO S- MAX9EUA-T - C to + C µmax- U- MAX9ESA - C to + C SO S- MAX9EUA-T - C to + C µmax- U- Ordering Information continued on last page. Pin Configurations appear at end of data sheet. µmax is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. Typical Operating Circuit V R PULLUP MAX9 MAX9 MAX9 Yes Yes MAX99 Yes Yes.V MAX9 MAX9 No No Maxim Integrated Products For pricing delivery, and ordering information please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at --9-, or visit Maxim s website at

2 MAX9 MAX9 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Supply Voltage ( )...+V Voltages IN_-, IN_+,,...-.V to ( +.V) _...-.V to +.V Current into Input Pins...±mA Duration of _ Short Circuit to or...continuous Continuous Power Dissipation -Pin SO (derate.mw/ C above + C)...mW Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS -Pin µmax (derate.mw/ C above + C)...mW -Pin SO (derate.mw/ C above + C)...mW -Pin SO (derate.mw/ C above + C)...9mW -Pin QSOP (derate.mw/ C above + C)...mW Operating Temperature Range...- C to + C Storage Temperature Range...- C to + C Lead Temperature (soldering, s)...+ C ( = +.V to +.V, T A = T MIN to T MAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at = V and T A = + C.) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX POWER SUPPLIES Supply Voltage Range Comparator Minimum Operating Voltage Supply Current Power-Up Time ( to output valid) All packages, T A = C to + C.. SO/QSOP packages, T A = - C to + C.. µmax package, T A = - C to + C.. MAX9 MAX9 MAX9/MAX9 MAX99 MAX9 stepped V to V COMPARATOR Power-Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR.V.V.. Common-Mode Voltage Range V CMR T A = + C -. T A = - C to + C SO package. Common-mode range = -.V QSOP package. to.v, µmax C to + C. >.V package - C to + C. Input Offset Voltage V OS SO package. Full commonmode QSOP package. range µmax C to + C. package - C to + C. Input Hysteresis V = ± Input Bias Current I B Common-mode range = -.V to ( -.V). ± Full common-mode range, T A = + C. ± Input Offset Current Input Capacitance I CC I OS C IN..... UNITS V V µa µs mv/v V V mv mv na pa pf

3 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) ( = +.V to +.V, T A = T MIN to T MAX, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at = V and T A = + C.) Source Current Sink Current PARAMETER Common-Mode Rejection Ratio Input Voltage Range Input Leakage Hysteresis Gain Reference Voltage Output Voltage Noise SYMBOL CMRR I V I + I - SO package QSOP package = CONDITIONS f = Hz to khz, C =.µf MIN TYP MAX..... UNITS Input Voltage Noise e n f = Hz to khz, C = pf µv RMS I = µa,.v < <.V. Output Voltage Low V OL V I = µa,.v < <.V. =.V, V =.V Output Leakage Current I LEAK na =.V, V =.V R Propagation Delay t PULLUP = MΩ, mv overdrive PD- µs C LOAD = pf, high to low mv overdrive ERENCE V -. V ±... µmax package, T A = C to + C... µmax package, T A = - C to + C.... mv/v V na V/V V µa na µv RMS MAX9 MAX9 Typical Operating Characteristics ( = +.V, R PULLUP = kω, V CM = V, T A = + C, unless otherwise noted.) SUPPLY CURRENT (µa) 9 - MAX9 SUPPLY CURRENT =.V =.V =.V V IN+ > V IN- - - MAX9-TOCb SUPPLY CURRENT (µa) MAX9 SUPPLY CURRENT =.V =.V =.V V IN+ > V IN- - - MAX9-TOCb SUPPLY CURRENT (µa) 9 - MAX9/MAX9 SUPPLY CURRENT =.V =.V =.V V IN+ > V IN- - - MAX9-TOCb

4 MAX9 MAX9 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) ( = +.V, R PULLUP = kω, V CM = V, T A = + C, unless otherwise noted.) SUPPLY CURRENT (µa) - MAX99 SUPPLY CURRENT =.V =.V =.V V IN+ > V IN- - - MAX9-TOCb SUPPLY CURRENT (µa) 9 - MAX9 SUPPLY CURRENT =.V =.V =.V V IN+ > V IN- - - MAX9-TOCb SUPPLY CURRENT PER COMPARATOR (µa) SUPPLY CURRENT PER COMPARATOR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (EXCLUDES ERENCE CURRENT) V IN+ > V IN- SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) MAX9-TOCb SUPPLY CURRENT (µa) MAX9 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (INCLUDES ERENCE CURRENT) V IN+ > V IN- SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) MAX9/-TOCa PUT SHORT-CIRCUIT SINK CURRENT (ma) COMPARATOR PUT SHORT-CIRCUIT SINK CURRENT = V = V V IN+ < V IN- = V MAX9/ -TOCa PUT LOW VOLTAGE (V) COMPARATOR PUT LOW VOLTAGE vs. SINK CURRENT = V = V V IN+ = < V IN- = V SINK CURRENT (ma) MAX9/-9a DELAY (µs) 9 - PROPAGATION DELAY (t PD- ) =.V =.V =.V V OD = mv - - MAX9-TOCa DELAY (µs) PROPAGATION DELAY (t PD- ) vs. CAPACITIVE LOAD V OD = mv =.V =.V =.V... CAPACITIVE LOAD (µf) MAX/9-a DELAY (µs) PROPAGATION DELAY (t PD- ) vs. INPUT OVERDRIVE =.V =.V =.V INPUT OVERDRIVE (mv) MAX9-TOCa

5 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) ( = +.V, R PULLUP = kω, V CM = V, T A = + C, unless otherwise noted.) SUPPLY CURRENT PER COMPARATOR (µa) SUPPLY CURRENT PER COMPARATOR vs. PUT TRANSITION FREQUENCY =.V =.V... PUT TRANSITION FREQUENCY (khz) MAX9/ TOCA INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE (µv) 9 INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE MAX9/-TOCa INPUT BIAS CURRENT (pa) INPUT BIAS CURRENT =.V =.V - - MAX9/-TOCa MAX9 MAX9 PROGRAMMED ERESIS (mv) PROGRAMMED ERESIS vs. COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE =.V V = mv (PROGRAMMED) COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE (V) MAX9/ TOC ERENCE VOLTAGE (V) = V ERENCE VOLTAGE = V = V MAX9/ TOCa ERENCE VOLTAGE (V) ERENCE VOLTAGE vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) MAX9/-TOC ERENCE VOLTAGE (V) ERENCE VOLTAGE vs. SOURCE CURRENT MAX9/-TOCa IN+ mv/div V/div PROPAGATION DELAY (t PD+ ) = V MAX9/-TOC IN+ mv/div V/div PROPAGATION DELAY (t PD- ) = V MAX9/-TOCb. SOURCE CURRENT (µa) µs/div µs/div

6 MAX9 MAX9 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) ( = +.V, R PULLUP = kω, V CM = V, T A = + C, unless otherwise noted.) POWER-UP/DOWN RESPONSE V/div V/div µs/div MAX9/-TOC khz RESPONSE IN+ mv/div V/div µs/div MAX9/-TOC Pin Descriptions MAX9 MAX9 MAX9 MAX9 PIN A Comparator A Open-Drain Output Ground FUNCTION N.C. No Connection. Not internally connected. IN+ Comparator Noninverting Input Comparator A Noninverting Input INA- Comparator A Inverting Input IN- Comparator Inverting Input Comparator B Inverting Input Comparator B Noninverting Input MAX9 MAX9 NAME Hysteresis Input. Connect to if not used. Input voltage range is from V to (V - mv). Internal Reference Output. Typically.V with respect to. Positive Supply Voltage, +.V to +.V Comparator Open-Drain Output B Comparator B Open-Drain Output

7 Pin Descriptions (continued) MAX99/MAX9 MAX99 PIN SO MAX9 QSOP NAME B Comparator B Open-Drain Output A Comparator A Open-Drain Output FUNCTION VCC Positive Supply Voltage, +.V to +.V Comparator A Noninverting Input INA- Comparator A Inverting Input Comparator B Inverting Input Comparator B Noninverting Input, 9 N.C. No Connection. Not internally connected. Internal Reference Output. Typically.V with respect to. 9 INC- Comparator C Inverting Input 9 INC+ Comparator C Noninverting Input IND- Comparator D Inverting Input IND+ Comparator D Noninverting Input Ground Hysteresis Input. Connect to if not used. Input voltage range is from (V - mv) to V. D Comparator D Open-Drain Output C Comparator C Open-Drain Output MAX9 MAX9 Detailed Description The MAX9 MAX9 single/dual/quad, micropower, ultra-low-voltage comparators feature rail-to-rail inputs and outputs and an internal.v ±.% bandgap reference. These devices operate from a single +.V to +.V supply voltage range, and consume less than µa supply current per comparator over the extended temperature range. Internal hysteresis is programmable up to ±mv using two external resistors and the device s internal reference. The rail-to-rail input common-mode voltage range and the open-drain outputs allow easy voltage-level conversion for multivoltage systems. All inputs and outputs can tolerate a continuous short-circuit fault condition to either rail. The MAX9 is a single comparator with adjustable hysteresis and a reference output pin. The MAX9 is a dual comparator without the reference and without adjustable hysteresis. The MAX9 is a dual comparator configured as a dual voltage monitor with common hysteresis adjustment and a reference output. The dual MAX9 is similar to the MAX9, but is configured as a window comparator. The MAX99 is a quad comparator with a common hysteresis adjustment and a reference output pin. The MAX9 is a quad comparator without a reference and without hysteresis adjustment. (See Functional Diagrams and Selector Guide.) Comparator Input The MAX9 MAX9 have a -.V to input common-mode range. Both comparator inputs may operate at any differential voltage within the common-mode voltage range, and the comparator displays the correct output logic state. Low-Voltage Operation: VCC Down to V The minimum operating voltage is.v. As the supply voltage falls below.v, performance degrades and supply current falls. The reference does not

8 MAX9 MAX9 Functional Diagrams IN+ A IN- B MAX9 MAX9 + INA-.V A A.V B.V B MAX9 MAX9 B C B C A D A D INA- IND+ INA- IND+ IND- IND- INC+ INC+ INC- INC- +.V MAX99 MAX9

9 function below about.v, although the comparators typically continue to operate with a supply voltage as low as V. At low supply voltages (<.V), the input common-mode range remains rail-to-rail, but the comparator s output sink capability is reduced and propagation delay increases (see Typical Operating Characteristics). Figure shows a typical comparator application that monitors at.v. Resistor divider R/R sets the voltage trip point (V TRIP ) at.v. As drops below.v and approaches V, the reference voltage typically falls below the divider voltage (V+). This causes the comparator output to change state. If s state must be maintained under these conditions, a latching circuit is required. Comparator Output The MAX9 MAX9 contain a unique slew-ratecontrolled output stage capable of rail-to-rail operation with an external pull-up resistor. Typical comparators consume orders of magnitude more current during switching than during steady-state operation. With the MAX9 family of comparators, during an output transition from high to low, the output slew rate is limited to minimize switching current. Voltage Reference With greater than.v but less than.v, the internal.v bandgap reference is ±.% accurate over the commercial temperature range and ±.% accurate over the extended temperature range. The output is typically capable of sourcing µa. To reduce reference noise or to provide noise immunity, bypass with a capacitor (.nf to.µf). Noise Considerations The comparator has an effective wideband peak-topeak noise of around µv. The voltage reference has peak-to-peak noise approaching.mv with a.µf bypass capacitor. Thus, when a comparator is used with the reference, the combined peak-to-peak noise is about.mv. This, of course, is much higher than the individual components RMS noise. Avoid capacitive coupling from any output to the reference pin. Crosstalk can significantly increase the references actual noise. Applications Information Hysteresis Many comparators oscillate in the linear region of operation because of noise or undesired parasitic feedback. This tends to occur when the voltage on one input is equal or very close to the voltage on the other input. The MAX9 MAX9 have internal hysteresis to counter parasitic effects and noise. In addition, with the use of external resistor, the MAX9/MAX9/ MAX9/MAX99 s hysteresis can be programmed to as much as ±mv (see the section Adding Hysteresis to the MAX9/MAX9/MAX9/MAX99). The hysteresis in a comparator creates two trip points: one for the rising input voltage and one for the falling input voltage (Figure ). The difference between the trip points is the hysteresis. When the comparator s input voltages are equal, the hysteresis effectively causes one comparator input voltage to move quickly past the other, thus taking the input out of the region where oscillation occurs. MAX9 MAX9.V IN+ THRESHOLDS V+ R kω R kω.v kω V V+ t IN- V - V V HB ERESIS BAND MAX9 V TRIP =. R + R V R = TRIP - x R. Figure. Operation below.v Figure. Threshold Hysteresis Band 9

10 MAX9 MAX9 Figure illustrates the case in which IN- has a fixed voltage applied, and IN+ is varied. If the inputs were reversed, the figure would be the same, except with an inverted output. Adding Hysteresis to the MAX9/MAX9/MAX9/MAX99 To add hysteresis to the MAX9/MAX9/MAX9/ MAX99, connect resistor R between and, and connect resistor R between and (Figure ). If additional hysteresis is not required, connect to. When hysteresis is added, the upper and lower trip points change by the same amount in opposite directions. The hysteresis band (the difference between the upper and lower trip points, V HB ) is approximately twice the voltage between and. The input voltage range is from down to ( - mv). This yields a hysteresis band from ±mv to a maximum of ±mv. Calculate the values of R and R for the desired hysteresis band with the following formulas: R = V HB / I R = (V - V HB ) / I where I (the current sourced by the reference) does not exceed the source capability (µa typical), and is significantly larger than the leakage current (na typical). I values between.µa and µa are good choices. If.MΩ is chosen for R (I =.µa), the equation for R and V HB can be approximated as: R(kΩ) = x V HB (mv) In the MAX9/MAX9/MAX99, the pin programs the same hysteresis for all comparators in the package. Due to the internal structure of the input developed for ultra-low-voltage operation, the hysteresis band varies with common-mode voltage. The graph Programmed Hysteresis vs. Common-Mode Voltage in the Typical Operating Characteristics shows this variation. Notice that the hysteresis band increases to almost twice the calculated value toward the ends of the common-mode range. This is apparent only when programming additional hysteresis using the pin. The hysteresis band is constant when is connected to. Adding Hysteresis to the MAX9/MAX9 The MAX9/MAX9 do not have a pin for programming hysteresis. Hysteresis can be generated with three resistors using positive feedback (Figure ). This method generally draws more current than the method using the pin on the MAX9/MAX9/MAX9/ MAX99. Also, the positive feedback method slows hysteresis response time. Use the following procedure to calculate the resistor values: ) Select R. The leakage current of IN+ is under na, so the current through R should be at least na to minimize errors caused by leakage current. The current through R at the trip point is (V - V ) / R. Taking into consideration the two possible output states and solving for R yields two formulas: and R = V / na R = (V - ) / na Use the smaller of the two resulting resistor values. For example, if V =.V and =.V, then the two resistor values are.mω and.mω. For R, choose the.mω standard value. ) Choose the hysteresis band required (V HB ). For this example, choose mv. R I +.V TO +.V MAX9 MAX9 MAX9 MAX99 V IN R R R R R V MAX9 MAX9 Figure. Programming the Pin Figure. External Hysteresis

11 ) Calculate R: R = (R + R) x (V HB / ). Putting in the values for this example, R = (.MΩ + kω) x (mv /.V) =.kω. ) Choose the trip point for V IN rising. This is the threshold voltage where the comparator output transitions from low to high as V IN rises above the trip point. For this example, choose.v. ) Calculate R as follows: R = VTHR V x R R R + R R =. V. x kω kω. MΩ + kω where V THR is the rising-voltage trip threshold. Choose a standard value of kω. ) Verify trip voltages and hysteresis as follows: VIN risin g: VTHR = V x R x + + R R R + R VIN falling: R x V VTHF = V CC THR R + R Hysteresis = VTHR VTHF =. kω IR Receiver Figure shows an application using the MAX9 as an infrared receiver. The infrared photodiode creates a current relative to the amount of infrared light present. This current creates a voltage across R. When this voltage level crosses the reference voltage applied to the inverting input, the output transitions. Optional R provides additional hysteresis for noise immunity. -Cell to TTL Logic-Level Shifter Figure shows an application using the MAX9 to convert a -cell voltage-level signal into a TTLcompatible signal. The supply voltage for the comparator comes from the -cell supply. The output is pulled up to a V supply. R D Figure. IR Receiver R.µF MAX9 R PULLUP MAX9 MAX9 where V THR is the rising-voltage trip point, and V THF is the falling-voltage trip point. Circuit Layout and Bypassing Power-supply bypass capacitors are not needed if supply impedance is low, but nf bypass capacitors should be used when supply impedance is high or when supply leads are long. Minimize signal lead lengths to reduce stray capacitance between the input and output that might cause instability. CELLS.µF INPUT +V MAX9 Figure. -Cell to TTL Logic-Level Translator

12 MAX9 MAX9 Pin Configurations TOP VIEW N.C. IN+ B A MAX9 C D A B A MAX9 SO/µMAX SO/µMAX SO/µMAX C D A () B A MAX9 MAX9 B C D INA- MAX99 IND+ INA- MAX9 IND+ INA- MAX9 IND+ IND- IND- IND- INC+ 9 INC+ INC+ INC- INC- INC- 9 SO N.C. 9 N.C. SO/QSOP QSOP ( ) ARE FOR MAX9 ONLY. _Ordering Information (continued) PART TEMP RANGE IN- B INA- PIN- PACKAGE PKG CODE MAX9ESA - C to + C SO S- MAX9EUA-T - C to + C µmax- U- MAX99ESE - C to + C Narrow SO S- MAX99EEE - C to + C QSOP E- MAX9ESD - C to + C SO S- MAX9EEE - C to + C QSOP E- Chip Information TRANSISTOR COUNTS: MAX9 = MAX9 = 9 MAX9/MAX9 = 99 MAX99 = MAX9 =

13 Package Information (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to Ø.±. D TOP VIEW E H X S BOTTOM VIEW DIM A A INCHES MIN MAX BSC A. b c D e E. H. L. α S. BSC..9. MILLIMETERS MIN MAX BSC BSC MAX9 MAX9 A A A e b c L α FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW PROPRIETARY INFORMATION TITLE: PACKAGE LINE, L umax/usop APPROVAL DOCUMENT CONTROL NO. REV. - J

14 MAX9 MAX9 Package Information (continued) (The package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. For the latest package outline information go to N TOP VIEW E H INCHES MILLIMETERS DIM MIN MAX MIN MAX A..9.. A.... B C...9. e. BSC. BSC E.... H.... L.... VARIATIONS: DIM D D D INCHES MILLIMETERS MIN MAX MIN MAX N MS AA.... AB AC SOICN.EPS D A C e B A FRONT VIEW L SIDE VIEW - PROPRIETARY INFORMATION TITLE: PACKAGE LINE,." SOIC APPROVAL DOCUMENT CONTROL NO. REV. - B Revision History Pages changed at Rev : -, 9,,, Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. Maxim Integrated Products, San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 9 () - Maxim Integrated Products is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.