RF Technologies for Space Applications Oscar A. Peverini
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1 SATCOM research CNR-IEIIT RF Technologies for Space Applications Oscar A. Peverini
2 Introduction Development of radio-frequency antenna-feed systems for satellite applications in the framework of a long-lasting research collaboration between CNR-IEIIT and Thales Alenia Space Italia (Space Antennas RF Design Unit - Competence Centre Electronics) Corrugated and high-efficiency feed-horns operating from Ku band to Q-band ( A Ku-K Dual-Band Compact Circular Corrugated Horn for Satellite Communications, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Letters, 2009) Self-diplexing ortho-mode transducers operating from C-band to Q band ( Modeling, Design and Experimental Characterization of Multi-band Dual-polarization Waveguide Components for Space Feed-systems, 33rd ESA Antenna Workshop, 2011) Diplexers & filters for high-power applications ( Enhanced Topology of E -Plane Resonators for High-Power Satellite Applications, IEEE Trans. on Microw. Theory and Techn., 2015) Antenna-feed systems for Athena-Fidus, Sicral-2, commercial SatCom payloads ( A K/Ka/EHF feed chain for dual-use telecom, EuCAP 2015)
3 1. Telecommunications Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) (Iridium, Iridium-Next) Broadcasting Satellite Services (BSS) Internet, multi-media applications, Voice over IP (VoIP), Video conference (KaSAT) Military and governmental telecommunication services (e.g., civil security, homeland security, police, firefighters) (Athena-Fidus). 2. Observation of the Earth Meteorology (MetOp, MetOp-SG) Oceanography Environmental disaster monitoring, seismic hazard analysis (COSMO-SkyMed) 3. Navigation and Localization GPS Galileo 4. Cosmology and Fundamental Phisics Astrophysical surveys (Planck, WMAP) 5. Space Exploration Planet exploration (ExoMars) Satellite Missions
4 Satcom Networks High-Throughput Satellite (HTS) network HTS Satellite Gateways Servers Users Terminals Satellite Operator Center Backbone network PoP Internet Content Providers NOC
5 SatCom Frequency Bands Band Frequency (GHz) L Service Tele/radio broadcasting, mobile services Atmospheric attenuation S Tele/radio broadcasting to mobiles C Tele/radio broadcasting, Internet X Mobile services Ku Tele/radio broadcasting, Internet K Ka Internet, VoIP, video conference and others IP applications Internet, VoIP, video conference and others IP applications
6 SatCom Frequency Bands Band Frequency (GHz) L Service Tele/radio broadcasting, mobile services Atmospheric attenuation S Tele/radio broadcasting to mobiles C Tele/radio broadcasting, Internet X Mobile services Ku Tele/radio broadcasting, Internet K Ka Q V Internet, VoIP, video conference and others IP applications Internet, VoIP, video conference and others IP applications Feeder links for HTS (1 Tbps)
7 SatCom Frequency Bands Band Frequency (GHz) L Service Tele/radio broadcasting, mobile services S Tele/radio broadcasting to mobiles C Tele/radio broadcasting, Internet X Mobile services Ku Tele/radio broadcasting, Internet Channel modelling and measurement activities (Alphasat experiment) Channel effect mitigation techniques Space diversity gateway architecture K Ka Q V Internet, VoIP, video conference and others IP applications Internet, VoIP, video conference and others IP applications Feeder links for HTS (1 Tbps)
8 Large Single-Beam Single-Band Antennas Ku Tx Ku Rx K Tx Different singleband antennafeed systems
9 Large Single-Beam Single-Band Antennas Ku Tx Ku Rx Antenna-feed systems electrical requirements Different singleband antennafeed systems K Tx Parameters Ku Tx Band Ku Rx Band K Tx Band Operative Band (GHz) Polarization and Versus HP&VP HP&VP LHCP/RHCP Thermal bandwidth 35/50 each band side Cross Polarisation -40 db -40 db -40 db Return Loss (VSWR) -20 db -20 db -20 db Ports Isolation (any port, any band ) > 60 db > 60 db > 60 db Number of Ports Waveguide WR75 WR75 WR51 Power Handling 10 carriers x 110 W (for each pol.) N.A. 4 x 110W (for each pol.) Multipaction Intermodulation Product Level Free + 6 db margin N.A. <-140 dbm@ (2x 120 W carriers) Free + 6 db margin Minimum IMP order 3rd 16th
10 Large Single-Beam Single-Band Antennas Ku Tx Ku Rx Different singleband antennafeed systems K Tx Ku Tx-band dual-linear antenna-feed system Feed-horn OMT PBF PBF Ku-band Tx V-pol. signals Ku-band Tx H-pol. signals
11 Large Single-Beam Single-Band Antennas Ku Tx Ku Rx Different singleband antennafeed systems K Tx Ku Rx-band dual-linear antenna-feed system Feed-horn OMT PBF PBF Ku-band Rx V-pol. signals Ku-band Rx H-pol. signals
12 Large Single-Beam Single-Band Antennas Ku Tx Ku Rx Different singleband antennafeed systems K Tx K Tx-band dual-circular antenna-feed system Feed-horn OMT Hybrid coupler PBF PBF K-band Tx RHCP signals K-band Tx LHCP signals
13 Large Single-Beam Single-Band Antennas Ku Tx Ku Rx Different singleband antennafeed systems K Tx Pros Low RF system complexity High RF performances Cross-polarization Radiation-pattern Isolation Power-handling (PIMP, multipaction)
14 Large Single-Beam Single-Band Antennas Ku Tx Ku Rx Different singleband antennafeed systems K Tx Pros Low RF system complexity High RF performances Cross-polarization Radiation-pattern Isolation Power-handling (PIMP, multipaction) Cons High number of reflectors (mass and size criticalities) Low capacity
15 Large Single-Beam Multi-Band Antennas Ku Tx Ku Rx K Tx One multi-band antenna-feed system
16 Large Single-Beam Multi-Band Antennas Ku Tx Ku Rx K Tx One multi-band antenna-feed system Pros Higher capacity Lower number of reflectors (less stringent mass and size requirements)
17 Large Single-Beam Multi-Band Antennas Ku Tx Ku Rx K Tx One multi-band antenna-feed system Pros Higher capacity Lower number of reflectors (less stringent mass and size requirements) Cons Demanding high-power handling requirements (PIMP, multipaction) Higher RF system complexity
18 Large Single-Beam Multi-Band Antennas Ku Tx Ku Rx K Tx One multi-band antenna-feed system Tri-band dual-polarization antenna-feed system K-band Tx RHCP signals K-band Tx LHCP signals Ku-band Tx V-pol. signals Ku-band Rx V-pol. signals Hybrid coupler Ku-band diplexer Wide-band feed-horn K-band OMJ Dual-polarization LPF Ku-band OMT Ku-band diplexer Ku-band Tx H-pol. signals Ku-band Rx H-pol. signals
19 Ku/K-band Antenna-Feed System Ku/K-band antenna-feed system developed in collaboration with Thales Alenia Space Italia
20 Ku/K-band Antenna-Feed System Ku/K-band antenna-feed system developed in collaboration with Thales Alenia Space Italia
21 Ku/K-band Antenna-Feed System Ku/K-band antenna-feed system developed in collaboration with Thales Alenia Space Italia
22 Ku/K-band Antenna-Feed System Ku/K-band antenna-feed system developed in collaboration with Thales Alenia Space Italia
23 Ku/K-band Antenna-Feed System Ku/K-band antenna-feed system developed in collaboration with Thales Alenia Space Italia
24 Ku/K-band Antenna-Feed System Ku/K-band antenna-feed system developed in collaboration with Thales Alenia Space Italia
25 Ku/K-band Antenna-Feed System Ku/K-band antenna-feed system developed in collaboration with Thales Alenia Space Italia
26 Ku/K-band Antenna-Feed System K-band 90 hybrid K-band combiners Bread-board Ku-band OMT Ku/K-band self-diplexing OMT Ku/K-band feed-horn Courtesy of Thales Alenia Space Italia
27 Magnitude [db] Reflection coefficient Measured Computed Ku/K-band Antenna-Feed System Ku-band K-band % X Frequency [GHz] K-band 90 hybrid K-band combiners Bread-board Ku-band OMT Ku/K-band self-diplexing OMT Ku/K-band feed-horn Courtesy of Thales Alenia Space Italia
28 Magnitude [db] Cross-polar radiation Measured Computed Ku/K-band Antenna-Feed System Ku-band K-band X % f [GHz] K-band 90 hybrid K-band combiners Bread-board Ku-band OMT Ku/K-band self-diplexing OMT Ku/K-band feed-horn Courtesy of Thales Alenia Space Italia
29 magnitude [db] 0 K-band rejection Computed Measured (V-pol.) Measured (H-pol.) f [GHz] K-band 90 hybrid K-band combiners Ku/K-band Antenna-Feed System X Bread-board Ku-band OMT Ku/K-band self-diplexing OMT Ku/K-band feed-horn Courtesy of Thales Alenia Space Italia
![magnitude [db] 0 K-band cross-polarization -10-20 -30 Cross-coupling (V-pol.) Cross-coupling (H-pol.](/docs-images/80/82433653/images/30-4.jpg ") Isolation X -40-50 -60 X -70-80 Ku/K-band Antenna-Feed System -90 18 19 20 21 f [GHz] K-band 90 hybrid K-band combiners Bread-board Ku-band OMT Ku/K-band")
30 magnitude [db] 0 K-band cross-polarization Cross-coupling (V-pol.) Cross-coupling (H-pol.) Isolation X X Ku/K-band Antenna-Feed System f [GHz] K-band 90 hybrid K-band combiners Bread-board Ku-band OMT Ku/K-band self-diplexing OMT Ku/K-band feed-horn Courtesy of Thales Alenia Space Italia
31 Ku/K-band Antenna-Feed System Flight model Courtesy of Thales Alenia Space Italia
32 K/Ka/Q-band Antenna-Feed System K Tx Ka Rx Q Rx ATHENA-FIDUS
33 K/Ka/Q-band Antenna-Feed System K Tx Ka Rx Q Rx Antenna-feed system electrical requirements Parameters K Tx Band Ka Rx Band Q Rx Band Operative Band (GHz) ATHENA-FIDUS Polarization and Versus LHCP & RHCP LHCP & RHCP LHCP & RHCP Radiation pattern Gaussian within 17.6 Cross Polarisation -30 db -30 db -20 db Return Loss (VSWR) -20 db -20 db -20 db Ports Isolation (any port, any band ) > 40 db > 40 db > 40 db Number of Ports Waveguide WR75 WR75 WR51 Power Handling 4 carriers x 40 W (for each pol.) N.A. N.A. Multipaction Intermodulation Product Level Free + 6 db margin N.A. <-125 dbm@ (2x 120 W carriers) Free + 8 db margin <-125 dbm@ (2x 120 W carriers) Minimum IMP order N.A. 4th 11th
34 Ku/K-band Antenna-Feed System K Tx Ka Rx Q Rx K/Ka/Q-band antenna-feed system developed in collaboration with Thales Alenia Space Italia ATHENA-FIDUS K-band Tx RHCP signals K-band Tx LHCP signals Ka-band Rx LHCP signals Hybrid coupler Wide-band feed-horn K-band OMJ K-band SBF Q-band OMJ Q-band SBF Ka-band septum polarizer Hybrid coupler Ka-band Rx RHCP signals Q-band Rx RHCP signals Q-band Rx LHCP signals
35 Ku/K-band Antenna-Feed System Flight model K Tx ports (LHCP/RHCP) Ka Rx ports (LHCP/RHCP) Q-band Rx port (LHCP) Courtesy of Thales Alenia Space Italia
36 Multi-Spot SFB Antennas K/Ka K/Ka K/Ka K/Ka Multi-spot Single-Feed per Beam (SFB) architectures Frequency reuse A dedicated feed-system per each spot (typical diameter 0.5o ) Overlapping spots Band Polarization B1 RHCP LHCP B1
37 Multi-Spot Dual-Band SFB Antennas K/Ka K/Ka K/Ka K/Ka Pros Capacity increment proportional to the frequency reuse factor (number of spot / number of colors) No additional power requirements
38 Multi-Spot Dual-Band SFB Antennas K/Ka K/Ka K/Ka K/Ka Pros Capacity increment proportional to the frequency reuse factor (number of spot / number of colors) No additional power requirements Cons Higher RF system complexity Demanding pointing accuracy (closedloop auto-alignment systems based on beacon tracking)
39 Magnitude [db] Dual-Band SFB Feed-Systems In-line compact assembly Wide-band feed-horn Ka-band OMJ Dual-polarization Ka-band SBF K-band OMT HF hybrid + diplexers High-efficiency horn Tracking sub-system D-mode HF Rx signal for tracking K-band Tx signals K-band Rx signals 0 Radiation 28 GHz Frequency 28.0 GHz K/Ka-band antenna-feed system design study in collaboration with Thales Alenia Space Italia V rx TE eq 11 V rx eq TM 01 V rx TE eq Theta [deg]
40 (db) S 11 (db) S 11 (db) Dual-Band SFB Feed-Systems Reflection K band Measurement Simulation -30 Courtesy of Thales Alenia Space Italia Radiation 29 GHz frequency =29.0 GHz Co-Sim Co-Meas Xp-Sim Xp-Meas Frequency (GHz) Reflection Ka band Measurement Simulation Theta (deg) Frequency (GHz)
41 Additive Manufacturing of RF Components Selective Laser Melting Pros Manufacturing of parts with complex geometries integration of several RF functionalities in a single block, minimization of flanges and screws (e.g. SFB and MFB satellite communication systems) Design flexibility novel layouts of waveguide components Near-net shapes reduction of mass and waste Reduction of lead time and cost more efficient component development
42 Additive Manufacturing of RF Components Selective Laser Melting Pros Manufacturing of parts with complex geometries integration of several RF functionalities in a single block, minimization of flanges and screws (e.g. SFB and MFB satellite communication systems) Design flexibility novel layouts of waveguide components Near-net shapes reduction of mass and waste Reduction of lead time and cost more efficient component development Cons Manufacturing accuracy and repeatability poor RF high frequencies (Ka, Q bands) Maximum part size no applicability to low frequency applications (C, X bands) Surface roughness high insertion losses
43 Additive Manufacturing of RF Components Additive manufacturing of K/Ku-band filters for SatCom applications in collaboration with the Italian Institute of Technology
44 Additive Manufacturing of RF Components Thanks for your attention
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