An insight in the evolution of GEO satellite technologies for broadband services

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1 An insight in the evolution of GEO satellite technologies for broadband services EUROPEAN SATELLITE INDUSTRY ROADMAP MARCH 14 TH, BRUSSELS

2 Future broadband technologies 1/2 2 The need for informing the public stakeholders about future satellite broadband technologies has been identified within the SABER Thematic Network. Beyond awareness raising and guidelines for today s satellite solutions procurement and deployment, it turned out fundamental to provide reliable information to the Public Authorities about satellite technologies sustainability and evolution Give confidence and comfort today s choices: describe and assess the European satellite technology evolution roadmap enabling satellites broadband services to serve the DAE 2020 targets with a viable economical model. This initiative is endorsed by the whole SatCom manufacturing community and the information is presented today under an Eurospace umbrella. Similar perspective by the operators and the ground manufacturers sectors would complete the vision of the future trends. Medium Earth Orbit telecommunications constellations are not addressed here (other market, other technical issues).

3 Future broadband technologies 2/2 The challenge is twofold 3 Presentation focus Technology: need to evolve ground, platform and payload technologies to reduce cost of bit-per-second while increasing throughput (competition outside Europe is already progressing) Market: market environment and public frameworks must encourage operators investment Need for European public support and accompanying measures on both fronts, as done outside Europe Target calendar of on-going European R&D roadmaps aiming at allowing competitive consumers offers 50 Mbps in ~2017/18 (pro offers already exist) 100 Mbps offer ~2020/22

4 The recent satellite broadband technology (r)evolution Drastic performance evolution in the last years thanks to multi-beams payload and frequency re-use technique: High Throughput Satellites (HTS). Operators decide whether to embark broadband specific payloads or to fully dedicate the satellite to broadband services (business plan). 4 To meet the Digital Agenda 2020 objectives: necessary to investigate next generation HTS systems providing a further order of magnitude improvement (Terabit/s satellite capacity) at viable economical conditions.

5 Back to basics: main features of High Throughput Satellites (HTS) Access to Internet backbone requires: two-way connectivity terminals a few gateways which are connected to the Internet backbone. one gateway serves several spot beams 5 Use of maximum available spectrum and increased performance: Maximized frequency reuse thanks to a set of narrow spot beams Increased power per beam and isolation Increased spectral efficiency

6 What makes the end-user performance and the service price? 1/2 Killing a myth: satellite services already do more than 20 Mbps! 50 Mbps subscriptions are already offered to professional users 6 Current technology even allows more: so why only a 20 Mbps consumer offer today? It all depends on the economical equation around «data rate/monthly volume» A spot beam has a given volume (and a certain cost for the operator) which can be shared among a certain numbers of users The volume sharing granularity is thus a major driver of the subscription fees Within the monthly volume allowance, the offered speed is adapted so as to enable the service use over a month: downloading 1 movie in 1 second is not worth if no other service is available for the rest of the month! to run the service with affordable personal equipement.

7 What makes the end-user performance and the service price? 2/2 A bigger spot beam capacity means Highly monthly allowance for the same number of users OR Lower monthly fee with more users and the same monthly allowance 7 The right balance has to be found between the monthly allowance and the data rate to allow reasonable subscription fees while permitting a sustainable economical model for the operator: the price of the Space-to-ground Mbps must be taken down to allow higher performance consumer offers.

8 How to decrease the cost of the Mbps? This can be achieved at several levels, mostly: By deploying hybrid ecosystems using Ka/Ku/C band satellites/payload for delivery of next generation converged broadband and broadcast services to consumers equipped with smart CPE devices across the EU. By increasing performance at ground level (gateway and personal antennas levels): more efficient signal modulation, error corrections, filtering etc. Ground terminal manufacturers constantly try-out new techniques together with the operators (frequent announcements in the press) By increasing the on-board payload performance and capacity Larger antennas (Ka, Ku) for more throughput per beam Example More bandwidth and power, with flexibility capabilities developed later Specific hub/satellite link to dedicate the full Ka/Ku/C bandwidth to the users links. By reducing the overall cost of the mission (satellite and launcher): Satellite mass reduction lowering the launch cost e.g. thanks to electric propulsion 8 Spacecraft volume reduction to increase services scope while remaining compliant with the launcher constraints

9 How to improve payload performance for more throughput? 9 Two major levers at payload level: 1. Increase the frequency re-use factor through reduced beam sizes More beams for the same service area ie more frequency reuse but also more payload equipment and more gateways. Better antenna gain and isolation ie additional margin on link budget but bigger satellite reflectors. 2. Increase the available user link spectrum in Ka/Ku/C band (maximize user bandwidth) Using new frequency bands (Q/V band or optical) for the feeder link. Beam layout example : 72 x 0,5 beams Beam layout example : 130x 0.35 beams

10 Example: How to improve HTS performance with a higher frequency for the Feeder link 1/3 Principle: Use the full Ka/Ku/C-band spectrum for user links 10 Use Q/V-band or optical frequencies (laser link) for feeder link Advantages Allows locating the gateways within the service area (no more risk of interference between feeder and user links). Larger amount of potentially available spectrum : multiply the available downlink user Ka bandwidth by 5 to 6 per polarization. Implement the feeder link in frequencies allowing much more capacity per gateway/ground-stations.

11 Example: How to improve HTS performance with a higher frequency for the Feeder link 2/3 Option 1: Q/V feeder link characteristics Smaller gateway antenna size expected, circa 5m Typical frequencies: Feeder Uplink: V-band (44,5 51,4 GHz) Feeder downlink: Q-band (37,5 42,5 GHz) 11 Topics to investigate further Fading due to atmospheric phenomena (mainly rain, but also clouds, gasses and scintillations) much higher compared to Ka and Ku bands Smart diversity techniques necessary to adapt to propagation impairments Gateways to be positioned in strategic locations w.r.t environmental conditions Low maturity of Q/V band technology (but R&D work is carried out by manufacturers at European and national levels) High number of gateways necessary to transmit the increased data rate A few tens of gateways (<50) must be deployed to serve hundreds of Spot beams A few diversity gateways (<5) must be deployed to ensure service availability

12 Example: How to improve HTS performance with a higher frequency for the Feeder link 3/3 Option 2: Optical link characteristics Intrinsic high operating frequency (200 to 400 THz) leading to very high optical antenna gain Allows extremely high data rate above several hundreds of Gbps Optical terminals exhibit small volume, low mass and power consumption 12 Topics to investigate further Feeder link does not work through clouds Site diversity has to be introduced to fulfil the requested system availability. Need to carefully define the overall network (architecture and operations). 1 gateway for the data rate + less than 10 diversity gateways for availability

13 HTS Payload technology & system design roadmap Technology R&D work has started some years ago using industry and public (national and ESA) funds. H2020 Space call perspectives for 2014 a bit disappointing in this field although an EU societal challenge is at stake. Non exhaustive insight of the technology R&D activities at stake: Larger antennas to increase throughput per beam Up to ~5 m antenna reflectors: addressed by PIA THD-SAT (France) and addressable by ESA Reflectors beyond 5 m: H2020 Space would be well suited Equipments and antennas in higher wavelength Q/V: addressed by ESA ARTES and PIA THD-SAT (France) Optical feeder end-to-end system: H2020 Space would be well suited Broadband satellite end-to-end solutions (H2020 Space would be well suited) Diversity management techniques Satellite IP networks architectures HTS user segment Some service-oriented and user-centric research is ran through FP7 and now H2020 ICT lines (no technology development) 13 E.g the project BATS studies the integration of next generation satellite systems with established terrestrial infrastructure to supply communications to unserved/underserved regions and improve the communication availability at urban areas all across Europe.

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