Development Status and Future Trend of MIMO OTA Test

Transcription

1 Development Status and Future Trend of MIMO OTA Test Dr. Peter Liao ( 廖兆祥博士 ) Secretary, CTIA MIMO OTA Sub Group (MOSG) Electronics & Communication Lab Global OTA Technical Leader, Ph.D. SGS Taiwan Ltd. peter.liao@sgs.com 2017/11/15 & 2017/11/16

2 Outline Why MIMO OTA Testing Role of Spatial Channel Models MIMO OTA Test Plan Development Status (3GPP/CTIA/CCSA) Summary and Future Trends 2

3 How is a MIMO OTA work? MIMO is the LTE development trend for high-data-rate device MIMO provides stable data throughput capability. MIMO can reduce the multipath fading effect. LTE will implement MIMO to increase the data throughput rate. SISO Tx Rx MIMO Tx Rx Spatial Sparser Spatial Demux Combiner Tx Rx 3

4 Antenna Performance Measurement for Mobile Phone VSWR 4

5 OTA: Over-the-Air What s the OTA Measurement? The purpose is to measure the 3-dimensions (X, Y, Z) antenna pattern for transmit power and receiver sensitivity for wireless devices. 5

6 OTA Measurement Methods FS: BHHL: BHHR: HL: HR: 6

7 EUT Coordinate System-MS Hand Right (HR): 7

8 EUT Coordinate System - Laptop 8

9 EUT Coordinate System - Tablet 9

10 SISO and the RF Environment 10

11 MIMO and the RF Environment 11

12 SISO OTA tests: OTA test: SISO vs MIMO Mostly related to antenna pattern. TIS, Total Isotropic Sensitivity and TRP, Total Radiation Power test. MIMO OTA test: MIMO performance is all about correlation (Antennas, channels,..) There are more than one antenna, the multipath fading cause the receiving signal at every antenna to be different. MIMO device benefits from this phenomenon to have more data streams. Standard channel model is necessary at MIMO OTA test. Throughput performance test is the only figure of merit.. 12

13 Throughput (Mbps) MIMO is all about Correlation! 4G/5G mobile terminals utilize multi-antenna techniques to improve performance, in which spatial correlation plays the key role. Spatial correlation is a function of antenna and propagation,... Evaluate the end-user experience of the final product, e.g., in terms of data throughput, against realistic radio channel conditions in OTA environment. Data throughput is the only figure of merit. Throughput results, ILIT P3 GS4 B2 DML (UMa), ETS CE2 r01 35 Multipath 30 Good or bad? 0 deg 30 deg 60 deg deg 120 deg Simultaneously transmits two independent, spatially-diverse data streams deg 180 deg 210 deg 240 deg 270 deg 300 deg 330 deg RS EPRE (dbm/15 khz) 13

14 MIMO Antenna Performance: Correlation 14

15 What is MIMO OTA? Test conditions (e.g. channel model) DUT = Device Under Test Channel model creates the typical radio conditions in which the DUT operates Chamber presents the test environment under which the DUT is tested 15

16 Multi-Probe Anechoic Chamber (MPAC) Anechoic Chamber Shielded room Microwave absorbers Turn-table Controllers Dual Polarized antennas Link /Calibration antennas Mounting Equipment Base station controller (COMM) Channel Emulator (Propsim) VNA Software Test Executive MIMO OTA Software Option 3GPP Channel Models 16

17 Outline Why MIMO OTA Testing Role of Spatial Channel Models MIMO OTA Test Plan Development Status (3GPP/CTIA/CCSA) Summary and Future Trends 17

18 What Should The Environment Mimic Dense urban environment Suburban & rural environments Indoor environments Approved 3GPP Channel models: SCME UMa/SCME UMi 18

19 Where The Device Performs Radio channel is the vital connection between the device and the BS Radio waves intract with objects in the propagation path resulting in It is very important to adequately model the propagation conditions with a test setup to ensure valid performance testing 19

20 Understanding the Channel Emulator Channel Emulator simulates wireless channel, including geometric information about the location of scatters channel behavior AOA/AOD Angular Spread PDP (power delay profile) Delay Spread Doppler Effect Frequency Spread Real World!!! 20

21 MIMO OTA Principles Basic Idea of Mapping of the Signals onto Probe Antennas power N v N delay 1 MS 1 BS MS Angle of Arrival (AoA) and AoA spread are mapped onto OTA antennas in the chamber 21

22 What parameters are described in Space channel model? SCME Urban macro-cell (UMa) Cluster # Delay [ns] Power [db] AoD [ ] AoA [ ] Delay spread [ns] Cluster AS AoD / AS AoA [ ] 2/35 Cluster PAS shape Laplacian Total AS AoD / AS AoA [ ] 7.9/62.4 Mobile speed [km/h] / Direction of travel [ ] 30/120 XPR NOTE: V & H components based on assumed BS antennas 9 db Mid-paths Share Cluster parameter values for: AoD, AoA, AS, XPR 22

23 3GPP SCME Multi-Cluster Channel Models SCME Urban micro-cell ( UMi) Cluster # Delay [ns] Power [db] AoD [ ] AoA [ ] Delay spread [ns] 294 Cluster AS AoD / AS AoA [ ] 5 / 35 Cluster PAS shape Laplacian Total AS AoD / AS AoA [ ] 18.2 / 67.8 Mobile speed [km/h] / Direction of travel [ ] 3, 30 / 120 XPR NOTE: V & H components based on assumed BS antennas Mid-paths Share Cluster parameter values for: 9 db AoD, AoA, AS, XPR SCME Urban macro-cell (Uma) Cluster # Delay [ns] Power [db] AoD [ ] AoA [ ] Delay spread [ns] Cluster AS AoD / AS AoA [ ] 2 / 35 Cluster PAS shape Laplacian Total AS AoD / AS AoA [ ] 7.8 / 62.6 Mobile speed [km/h] / Direction of travel [ ] 3, 30 / 120 XPR NOTE: V & H components based on assumed BS antennas 9 db Mid-paths Share Cluster parameter values for: AoD, AoA, AS, XPR 23

24 What is the meaning of each parameter or word such as Cluster, AoA,AoD,AS and so on? 24

25 Six Clusters for power and delay 25

26 3GPP SCME Multi-Cluster Channel Models -UMA PDP v N N 1 MS 1 BS MS Angle of Arrival (AoA) and AoA spread are mapped onto OTA antennas in the chamber

27 Angle of Arrival (AoA) and Angle of Departure (AoD) 27

28 Cluster Power Angular Spectrum (PAS) Shape 28

29 Cluster Angular Spread (AS) AoD/AS AoA 29

30 Mobile Speed/Direction of Travel 30

31 Channel Models Radio channel is characterized in four domains Time Frequency Space Polarization polarization 31

32 The Role of Channel Emulator Channel Emulator creates the desired radio channel conditions into the lab. Multipath propagation (per-path delay, Doppler, AoD, AoA, polarization) Antenna effect (BS and MS side in conductive test; BS side in OTA) Noise and interference conditions when applicable Mapping of radio channel conditions onto the number of probe antennas in anechoic chamber. 32

33 Throughput (Mbps) Figure of Merit- SIR vs. Throughput Good Device Less Power need to achive High Tput Higher Power need to achieve same Tput Bad Device Maximum Throughput (100%) : Mbps 35 Throughput results, ILIT P3 GS4 B2 DML (UMa), ETS CE2 r01 Throughput Assement Point 95 % of Max Tput Mbps Throughput Axis: Measured Throughput (in Mbps) deg 30 deg 60 deg 90 deg 120 deg 150 deg 180 deg 210 deg 240 deg 270 deg 300 deg 330 deg Throughput Assement Point 90 % of Max Tput Mbps Throughput Assement Point 70 % of Max Tput 24.8 Mbps RS EPRE (dbm/15 khz) SIR in db (to at least 0.5 db resolution) 33

34 Figure of Merit Power vs. Throughput Good Device Less Power need to achive High Tput Higher Power need to achieve same Tput Bad Device Throughput Axis: Measured Throughput (in Mbps) Performance difference between Good and Bad devices What is the cutoff limit Throughput Assement Point 70% of Max Tput Power Axis : Input Power in dbm/15khz 34

35 Multi-Probe Anechoic Chamber (MPAC) Integrated by: 35

36 Capturing Device Usage Patterns AC Results Throughput (in Mbps) RC Results Antenna designs and polarizaiton can affect performance of upto 8dB EPRE dbm/15khz Unable to distinguish between the different orientations when measured in isotropic environment Methodology should be able to validate peformance across different positions. Different devices provide different monitization models. Source: 1. MOSG131009; Update results on DUT Polarization discrimination among MIMO OTA test methods 2. MOSG140414: Measurement campaign on AC MC Boundary Array, comparing B13 devices in different mechanical modes and test methodologies 36

37 Key Benefits of the Anechoic Chamber Methodology Scalability Polarization Discrimination Active Antenna Systems Future Proof CA, 3D, UL, VDT, 5G,.. Start small and expand as the needs raise. Performance against common device usage patterns Test evolving innovations Ideal Investment protection 37

38 Outline Why MIMO OTA Testing Role of Spatial Channel Models MIMO OTA Test Plan Development Status (3GPP/CTIA/CCSA) Summary and Future Trends 38

39 CPWG Organization & Industry Relations Update 39

40 Certificate of Appreciation (May 2017) 40

41 CATLs by Testing Scope Scope Number of Labs CDMA Conformance 7 CDMA Cabled IOT 3 LTE Cabled IOT 4 LTE CA Cabled IOT 3 LTE Conformance 3 MIMO OTA Performance 21 SISO OTA Performance 75 Converged Device 50 Device Hardware Reliability 4 HAC 11 Battery Safety 27 Battery Life 5 Bluetooth Compatibility 11 41

42 MIMO Authorized CATL s ATMC Bureau Veritas ADT - Xindian District BV CPS ADT Korea Ltd. Suwon East Cisco Systems, Inc. CTTL Beijing BDA CTTL Shenzhen - Futian District DEKRA Testing and Certification, SAU Electro Magnetic Test Integrated Service Technology Inc. Taiwan PCTEST San Jose SEQAL - Korea 42

43 MIMO Authorized CATL s (Cont.) SGS Branchburg SGS Korea - Yongin SGS North America Inc. (World Trade Drive, San Diego) SGS RF Technologies Inc. SGS Taiwan Ltd. Hwaya District SGS Taiwan Ltd. NeiHu District SGS-CSTC Standards Technical Services Co., Ltd (ShenZhen) Sporton International Inc. (KunShan) Sporton International Inc. (Tao Yuan Hsien II) TTA Korea 43

44 Currently 109 CATLs Throughout World 37 in North America 44

45 Currently 109 CATLs Throughout World 7 in Europe 45

46 Currently 109 CATLs Throughout World 65 in Asia 46

47 Test Plan Download and CATL List The CTIA Test Plan for 2x2 Downlink MIMO and Transmit Diversity Over-the- Air Performance will be required for certification testing on April 1, You can find the test plan here: A List of CTIA Authorized Test Labs for MIMO testing can be found here:

48 CTIA 2x2 DL MIMO OTA Test Plan V1.1 CTIA MIMO V1.1 was published in Aug. 2016, and enforced on April 1, LTE MIMO SIR vs T-put testing by Multi-Probe Anechoic Chamber (MPAC) method. Free space, M-channel, TM3 with 64QAM, UMa channel model and two positions (Portrait and Landscape tilt up 45 deg). Portrait tilt up 45 deg Landscape tilt up 45 deg 48

49 49

50 MIMO OTA Test Frequencies 50

51 Example for MIMO OTA Data Table Format Device Orientation Portrait Azimuth Position (degrees) Downlink 95% Throughput (db) Downlink 90% Throughput (db) Downlink 70% Throughput (db) MARSS (P Marss )

52 Throughput (Mbps) The EUT s Pass/Fail Performance a) The EUT must meet 70% throughput in all 12 azimuthal orientations. If the EUT fails to meet this criterion, the EUT shall fail the MIMO OTA test. b) The EUT must meet 95% throughput in at least 10 of the 12 azimuthal orientations. If the EUT fails to meet this criterion, the EUT shall fail the MIMO OTA test. Maximum Throughput (100%) : Mbps 35 Throughput results, ILIT P3 GS4 B2 DML (UMa), ETS CE2 r01 Throughput Assement Point 95 % of Max Tput Mbps Throughput Axis: Measured Throughput (in Mbps) RS EPRE (dbm/15 khz) 0 deg 30 deg 60 deg 90 deg 120 deg 150 deg 180 deg 210 deg 240 deg 270 deg 300 deg 330 deg SIR in db (to at least 0.5 db resolution) Throughput Assement Point 90 % of Max Tput Mbps Throughput Assement Point 70 % of Max Tput 24.8 Mbps 52

53 Operators start to request MIMO OTA test T-Mobile USA will add MIMO OTA test from Q Sprint will add CTIA MIMO OTA test plan from May Verizon already request MIMO OTA test from April AT&T accept CATL to do certification test based on CTIA test plan 1.1 from April Vodafone request MIMO OTA test from One of JP carriers request MIMO OTA test from

54 MIMO Test Requirement for Operators Operator Test Method Timeline AT&T MPAC CATL can test MIMO OTA by MPAC From April, 2017 Verizon Wireless MPAC From 4/17, 2017, A-ECC is retired Sprint MPAC Will be added in May, 2017 T-Mobile USA MPAC From Q4, 2017 Vodafone MPAC From 2017 One of JP carriers MPAC and RC From 2014 Orange TBD TBD China MPAC TBD 54

55 Three prioritised orientations for MPAC in 3GPP Portrait tilt up 45 deg Landscape tilt up 45 deg Face up 55

56 Standardization Activities Addressing MIMO OTA Spring 2013 October 2008 March May 2011 MOSG SWG2.2 RAN4 MIMO OTA COST 56

57 CTIA MIMO OTA test plan 1.1-summary 使用 SCME UMa 通道模型進行 FDD(10MHz) 或 TDD(20MHz) LTE 在 TM3 模式下的 Down Link 2x2 的 MARSS 測試系統僅可使用 MPAC,Multi-Probe Anechoic Chamber 架構, 如 ETS 或 Satimo Test Zone 為 1λ 使用控制 SIR 變化的方式進行 data throughput 測試 待測手機擺在轉檯上, 傾斜 45 度,Portrait 或 Landscape 擺法 在 Ψ 平面上每 30 度進行一次測試, 總共要進行 12 次測試, 再取平均值 測試目標為找到 (70%,90%,95%) peak throughput 時的 SIR 數值, 此為其 MARSS, MIMO Average Radiated SIR Sensitivity Portrait Landscape 57

58 3GPP RAN4 activities R (Response LS to GCF), TR37.977, R (WF) 3GPP MIMO OTA test plan uses:: UE noise-limited environment (CTIA uses SIR) Transmission Mode 3 (TM3) Umi, Urban Micro channel model (CTIA uses Uma, Urban Macro) 3GPP RAN4 update on Rel-13 work: 1. Final harmonization cannot be successfully claimed. But potential for harmonization can be found. In this situation, a single method shall be selected according to WID, while work on improving harmonization is deemed possible and needed 2. Select MPAC methodology, and start new activity on performance requirement phase for MPAC 3. Select UMi channel model, and inverse averaging. Option C 4. Select the following KPIs: 70% and 95% 58

59 CCSA MIMO OTA 行標標準號 YD/T 终端 MIMO OTA 天线性能要求和测量方法 內容與架構大至上與 CTIA 的 test plan 相同, 僅有部分細節不同. 僅可使用 MPAC 系統進行測試 包括 20MHz 頻寬的 TDD(38,39,40,41) 與 FDD(1,3) LTE 兩種模式 待測手機擺在轉檯上, 傾斜 45 度,Portrait,Landscape 或 face up 擺法 使用 SCME UMa 與 UMi 兩種通道模型 使用 RS-EPRE power sweep 方式測試 TM3 的 sensitivity, 不使用 SIR 在 Ψ 平面上每 30 度進行一次測試, 總共要進行 12 次測試, 再取平均值 測試目標為找到 (70%, 90%) peak throughput 時的 RS-EPRE 數值, 此為其 sensitivity 59

60 Different settings between CTIA & CCSA Parameters & Settings CTIA CCSA 1 Measurement parameters TM3 TM2 SIR Power(RS-EPRE) Power(RS-EPRE) N/A 2 Outage Level 95%, 90%,70% 90%, 70% 3 Substitution method (for failing azimuthal orientations) YES NO 4 Channel Model Uma Umi 5 Minimum Number of Subframes Bandwidth TBS index settings FDD TDD FDD TDD 10MHz 20MHz 20MHz 20MHz Subframe 0~4,6~9: 16 Subframe 5: unused Subframe 0/1/4/6/9: 16 Subframe 5: unused Other subframes are for UL. Max Power/ALL+1dB Uplink Transmit Power Control P-Max = +13dBm N/A (Class 3 UE) References: [1] CTIA, Test Plan for 2x2 Downlink MIMO and Transmit Diversity Over-the-Air Performance, Version1.1, August, [2] CCSA(China Communications Standards Association), YD/T Performance requirement and measurement method for MIMO antenna terminal, Part 1:LTE wireless terminal, July,

61 Outline Why MIMO OTA Testing Role of Spatial Channel Models MIMO OTA Test Plan Development Status (3GPP/CTIA/CCSA) Summary and Future Trends 61

62 Summary 從 2017 年 4 月 1 日開始, PTCRB 認證測試 CTIA 2x2 DL MIMO OTA. MIMO OTA 系統中通道模擬器負責在暗室中產生 SCME UMa 通道模型, 並產生 SIR 控制所需之 AWGN 訊號. MIMO OTA 測試需要有 multi-path 環境 : MIMO is all about correlation. 測試之前先作 SIR validation, 確認系統正確校驗. MPAC 是 LTE MIMO OTA 認證測試唯一被核准使用之架構. MPAC 可以升級用於未來的 CA, VDT, 3D, 5G (<6GHz) 應用. WiFi 沒有制定 MIMO OTA 規範, 只需 TIS, TRP 及 Desense 測試. 62

63 Summary Radio channels are a vital part of the OTA testing. Anechoic Chamber based solution: Technically most Accurate, Scalable, deterministic, Future proof. Reverberation Chamber based Solution: quick, fast, easy to down select and evaluate devices. Different methods are made for different needs. Several round-robin tests are going on at our own facility. We actively participate CTIA and 3GPP to finalize MIMO test plan. MIMO is emerging technology. We continuously work MIMO OTA solutions for future development. 63

64 Test Plan Development for CTIA MIMO OTA V1.2/V1.3 Finalize MIMO IL/IT test devices in 2017 and start IL/IT in 2018 Release of v1.1.1 (editorial and clarification updates) on September 30, 2017 Notebooks is not currently normative to be tested. Finalize v1.2 (Release Date of v1.2: December, 2017) TDD SIR validation procedure and other updates for TDD Additional mechanical use cases (narrow and wide hands) Orientation requirements for non-smartphone devices VRMC test (variable reference measurement channel) Addition of Band 66 Release Date of v1.3: June ~ August, x4, 4X2 and 4X4 MIMO OTA Larger quiet zone for laptops Investigate the addition of a spatial interferer 64

65 Addition of Band 66 to v1.2 of the CTIA MIMO OTA Test Plan If the device supports both Band 2 and Band 25, then testing is only required in Band 25. If the device supports both Band 12 and Band 17, then testing is only required in Band 12. If the device supports both Band 4 and Band 66, then testing is only required in Band 66. If the device supports both Band 5 and Band 26, then testing is only required in Band 26. Operating Band DL Channel Bandwidth (MHz) DLChannel Number DL Center Channel Frequency (MHz) l (m) at Center DL Channel Test Volume Sphere Radius (m)

66 8 Dual Polarization Probes System for 2x2, 4x2 and 4x4. Use 16 antennas to double test zone. Anechoic Chamber Shielded room 4x2 or 4x4 Equipment Base station controller (COMM) Channel Emulator (Propsim) VNA 2x2 Software Test Executive MIMO OTA Software Option 3GPP SCME Uma Channel Models Microwave absorbers Turn-table Controllers Dual Polarized antennas Link /Calibration antennas Amplifier Units. 66

67 Thank you very much for your attention!! Any Questions? 67