Ground Penetrating Radar
|
|
- Rodney Hopkins
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Ground Penetrating Radar Begin a new section: Electromagnetics First EM survey: GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) Physical Property: Dielectric constant Electrical Permittivity EOSC Slide
2 Di-electric constant, conductivity, velocity Water has is extremely important Attenuation of radar signals is most affected by σ.. EOSC Slide
3 Dielectric permittivity, See GPG section 3.g. This physical property quantifies how easily material becomes polarized in the presence of an electric field. Qualitative diagram of permittivity vs frequency Log frequency EOSC Slide 3
4 Relative permitivity Value of permittivity () in freespace ( 0 ) is 8.844E- Farads/meter Relative permittivity r = / 0 Where is the permittivity of the geologic material
5 GPR Ground Penetrating Radar R = +
6 GPR data - echoes Essentially wiggle traces Sometimes variable area Sometimes as coloured bands What are axis units? EOSC Slide 6
7 Examples of systems in use Small scale, but expensive equipment. Limitations? EOSC Slide 7
8 GPR Frequencies : 00 MHz, Two underground tunnels,
9 Egs: Geotechnical applications Attenuation high in conductive ground (clays) Scattering from texture of materials produces busy images. Slide 9
10 For GPR What is the source (i.e. input energy)? How does the energy travel in the earth? What are the data?
11 GPR sources Sources of energy are antennas that transmit a short pulse of energy The antenna is characterized by its frequency GPR frequencies typically range from 0 6 to 0 9 Hz
12 GPR Signal Modulated sinusoids with a center frequency to produce a seismic-type source wavelet. Needs many frequencies to produce a narrow signal. Bandwidth is usually about equal to the center frequency
13 GPR signals and bandwidth
14 GPR Ground Penetrating Radar R = +
15 GPR Signals: Wave Propagation Packets of energy Travel with constant velocity in a uniform medium Reflect at boundaries Refract according to Snell s law Fundamental of refraction seismology apply to GPR
16 Electromagnetics FD Maxwell s equations (e -iωt ) E iωµ H = 0 Electromagnetic induction H ( σ iω ) E = J e Tx Rx E = 0 μh = 0 E: electric field H: magnetic field J: current source density
17 Velocity relationship to properties Two assumptions are necessary ) If σ << ω (low loss condition) then V V, µ µ µ 0 C R µ R R where 0 R because µ = µ 0 µ R µ 0 0 and = C = 0 R 0 and μ 0 are dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability of free space. C is speed of light in vacuum. EOSC Slide 7
18 Dielectric permittivity Water has strongest effect on in geologic materials. Velocity of radar signals is (usually) most affected by. EOSC Slide 8
19 Transmission/reflection coefficient The equation for the reflection coefficient R is: R = + For water, = 80, take = Solve for R = 0.8 Amplitude of transmitted wave = -R = 0. At a water/free space interface, the amplitude of the transmitted wave is only 0% of the incident wave.
20 Snell s Law for GPR Snell s law also applies to GPR: sinθ sinθ = v v Yields refracted waves Can obtain critically refracted waves (head waves) This is the same as in seismic refraction.
21 GPR waves Direct air wave () Direct ground wave () Reflected wave (3) Critically refracted wave(4) Note: Velocity of air is higher so there is a critically refracted wave going from earth to air
22 Interpreting GPR wave
23 Velocities Related to properties via C 8 V ; C = 3 0 m / s Example record. GPR data with different Tx-Rx distances. Straight lines give air & top layer velocities Hyperbolas yield average velocity of top layer (see GPG notes) EOSC Slide 3
24 GPR Ground Penetrating Radar R = +
25 Attenuation of GPR signals R = +
26 Consider conductivity GPR point of view 7 orders of magnitude Matrix materials mainly insulators Therefore fluids and porosity are key EOSC Slide 6
27 From Second week of term Many reasons why geology conductivity is complicated EOSC Slide 7
28 Attenuation of GPR signals The strength of the EM radiation gets weaker the further away from the source The concept of skin depth is the distance at which the signal has decreased to /e (that is ~37%) ( ).3 σ δ = / 5 r meters Conductivity in ms/m (milli-semens per meter)
29 GPR probing distance Keep in mind that GPR probing distance is highly dependent on the amount of moisture/water content of the material
30 Summary: GPR Ground Penetrating Radar R = +
31 Di-electric constant, conductivity, velocity Water has is extremely important Attenuation of radar signals is most affected by σ.. EOSC Slide 3
32 Attenuation of GPR signals Wave velocity Reflection coefficient Refraction sinθ sinθ = v v C 8 V ; C = 3 0 m / R = + s Skin Depth (meters) Conductivity in ms/m ( ) (milli-siemens per meter) δ.3 / σ = 5 r
33 GPR Readings GPG section 3.g
GPR Part II: Effects of conductivity. Surveying geometries. Noise in GPR data. Summary notes with essential equations. Some Case histories
GPR Part II: Effects of conductivity Surveying geometries Noise in GPR data Summary notes with essential equations Some Case histories EOSC 350 06 Slide 1 GPR Ground Penetrating Radar R = ε ε 2 2 + ε ε
More informationApplied Geophysics Nov 2 and 4
Applied Geophysics Nov 2 and 4 Effects of conductivity Surveying geometries Noise in GPR data Summary notes with essential equations Some Case histories EOSC 350 06 Slide 1 GPR Ground Penetrating Radar
More information7. Consider the following common offset gather collected with GPR.
Questions: GPR 1. Which of the following statements is incorrect when considering skin depth in GPR a. Skin depth is the distance at which the signal amplitude has decreased by a factor of 1/e b. Skin
More informationGround Penetrating Radar (day 1) EOSC Slide 1
Ground Penetrating Radar (day 1) Slide 1 Introduction to GPR Today s Topics Setup: Motivational Problems Physical Properties - Dielectric Permittivity and Radiowaves - Microwave Example Basic Principles:
More informationElectromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic Induction Recap the motivation for using geophysics We have problems to solve Slide 1 Finding resources Hydrocarbons Minerals Ground Water Geothermal Energy SEG Distinguished Lecture slide
More informationDownloaded from library.seg.org by on 10/26/14. For personal use only. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014
Ground penetrating abilities of broadband pulsed radar in the 1 70MHz range K. van den Doel, Univ. of British Columbia, J. Jansen, Teck Resources Limited, M. Robinson, G. C, Stove, G. D. C. Stove, Adrok
More informationTHE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY. Dr. A. Bhattacharya
1 THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD THEORY Dr. A. Bhattacharya The Underlying EM Fields The development of radar as an imaging modality has been based on power and power density It is important to understand some
More informationωκε ωκε 5.11 Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
5. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) The plane wave solutions we have studied so far have been valid for frequencies and conductivities such that the conduction currents dominate the displacement currents
More informationLab 1: Pulse Propagation and Dispersion
ab 1: Pulse Propagation and Dispersion NAME NAME NAME Introduction: In this experiment you will observe reflection and transmission of incident pulses as they propagate down a coaxial transmission line
More informationPropagation Mechanism
Propagation Mechanism ELE 492 FUNDAMENTALS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 1 Propagation Mechanism Simplest propagation channel is the free space: Tx free space Rx In a more realistic scenario, there may be
More informationDr. Ali Muqaibel. Associate Professor. Electrical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
By Associate Professor Electrical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Wednesday, December 1, 14 1 st Saudi Symposium for RADAR Technology 9 1 December
More informationSIMULATION OF GPR SCENARIOS USING FDTD
SIMULATION OF GPR SCENARIOS USING FDTD 1 GAMIL ALSHARAHI, 2 ABDELLAH DRIOUACH, 3 AHMED FAIZE 1,2 Department of physic, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Faculty of sciences, Morocco 3 Department of physic,
More informationLecture 38: MON 24 NOV Ch.33 Electromagnetic Waves
Physics 2113 Jonathan Dowling Heinrich Hertz (1857 1894) Lecture 38: MON 24 NOV Ch.33 Electromagnetic Waves Maxwell Equations in Empty Space: E da = 0 S B da = 0 S C C B ds = µ ε 0 0 E ds = d dt d dt S
More informationECE 3065: Electromagnetic Applications Final Exam (Spring 2004)
Name: GTID: ECE 3065: Electromagnetic Applications Final Exam (Spring 2004) Please read all instructions before continuing with the test. This is a closed notes, closed book, closed calculator, closed
More informationSCATTERING POLARIMETRY PART 1. Dr. A. Bhattacharya (Slide courtesy Prof. E. Pottier and Prof. L. Ferro-Famil)
SCATTERING POLARIMETRY PART 1 Dr. A. Bhattacharya (Slide courtesy Prof. E. Pottier and Prof. L. Ferro-Famil) 2 That s how it looks! Wave Polarisation An electromagnetic (EM) plane wave has time-varying
More informationStanding waves. Consider a string with 2 waves of equal amplitude moving in opposite directions. or, if you prefer cos T
Waves 2 1. Standing waves 2. Transverse waves in nature: electromagnetic radiation 3. Polarisation 4. Dispersion 5. Information transfer and wave packets 6. Group velocity 1 Standing waves Consider a string
More informationAdvanced Ground Investigation Techniques to Help Limit Risk or Examine Failure. Advanced Subsurface Investigations
Advanced Ground Investigation Techniques to Help Limit Risk or Examine Failure Overview Introduction What is geophysics? Why use it? Common Methods Seismic Ground Radar Electrical Case Studies Conclusion
More information7. Experiment K: Wave Propagation
7. Experiment K: Wave Propagation This laboratory will be based upon observing standing waves in three different ways, through coaxial cables, in free space and in a waveguide. You will also observe some
More informationh max 20 TX Ionosphere d 1649 km Radio and Optical Wave Propagation Prof. L. Luini, July 1 st, 2016 SURNAME AND NAME ID NUMBER SIGNATURE
Radio and Optical Wave Propagation Prof. L. Luini, July st, 06 3 4 do not write above SURNAME AND NAME ID NUMBER SIGNATURE Exercise Making reference to the figure below, the transmitter TX, working at
More informationSODAR- sonic detecting and ranging
Active Remote Sensing of the PBL Immersed vs. remote sensors Active vs. passive sensors RADAR- radio detection and ranging WSR-88D TDWR wind profiler SODAR- sonic detecting and ranging minisodar RASS RADAR
More informationECSE 352: Electromagnetic Waves
December 2008 Final Examination ECSE 352: Electromagnetic Waves 09:00 12:00, December 15, 2008 Examiner: Zetian Mi Associate Examiner: Andrew Kirk Student Name: McGill ID: Instructions: This is a CLOSED
More informationTelecommunication Systems February 14 th, 2019
Telecommunication Systems February 14 th, 019 1 3 4 5 do not write above SURNAME AND NAME ID NUMBER SIGNATURE Problem 1 A radar with zenithal pointing, working at f = 5 GHz, illuminates an aircraft with
More informationPhotograph of the rectangular waveguide components
Waveguides Photograph of the rectangular waveguide components BACKGROUND A transmission line can be used to guide EM energy from one point (generator) to another (load). A transmission line can support
More informationΓ L = Γ S =
TOPIC: Microwave Circuits Q.1 Determine the S parameters of two port network consisting of a series resistance R terminated at its input and output ports by the characteristic impedance Zo. Q.2 Input matching
More informationApplication and signal transmission of the VLF electromagnetic wave in mine rock
Application and signal transmission of the VLF electromagnetic wave in mine rock Zheng Zhang School of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083, China Abstract
More information# DEFINITIONS TERMS. 2) Electrical energy that has escaped into free space. Electromagnetic wave
CHAPTER 14 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION # DEFINITIONS TERMS 1) Propagation of electromagnetic waves often called radio-frequency (RF) propagation or simply radio propagation. Free-space 2) Electrical
More informationGPR SURVEY METHOD. Ground probing radar
The ground penetrating radar (GPR - Ground Probing Radar) is a geophysical method used to investigate the near surface underground. Thanks to its high degree of resolution, the GPR is the most effective
More informationResults of GPR survey of AGH University of Science and Technology test site (Cracow neighborhood).
Results of GPR survey of AGH University of Science and Technology test site (Cracow neighborhood). October 02, 2017 Two GPR sets were used for the survey. First GPR set: low-frequency GPR Loza-N [1]. Technical
More informationUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal
University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Engineering Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS NOVEMBER 2015 ENEL3EM: EM THEORY Time allowed: 2 hours Instructions to Candidates:
More informationLesson 02: Sound Wave Production. This lesson contains 24 slides plus 11 multiple-choice questions.
Lesson 02: Sound Wave Production This lesson contains 24 slides plus 11 multiple-choice questions. Accompanying text for the slides in this lesson can be found on pages 2 through 7 in the textbook: ULTRASOUND
More informationMicrowave and optical systems Introduction p. 1 Characteristics of waves p. 1 The electromagnetic spectrum p. 3 History and uses of microwaves and
Microwave and optical systems Introduction p. 1 Characteristics of waves p. 1 The electromagnetic spectrum p. 3 History and uses of microwaves and optics p. 4 Communication systems p. 6 Radar systems p.
More informationTOPIC 2 WAVEGUIDE AND COMPONENTS
TOPIC 2 WAVEGUIDE AND COMPONENTS COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME (CLO) CLO1 Explain clearly the generation of microwave, the effects of microwave radiation and the propagation of electromagnetic in a waveguide
More informationGround Penetrating Radar Theory, Data Collection, Processing, and Interpretation: A Guide for Archaeologists
Ground Penetrating Radar Theory, Data Collection, Processing, and Interpretation: A Guide for Archaeologists Created by: Lisa Dojack April 2012 Table of Contents Acknowledgments... i Foreword... ii Section
More information6.014 Lecture 14: Microwave Communications and Radar
6.014 Lecture 14: Microwave Communications and Radar A. Overview Microwave communications and radar systems have similar architectures. They typically process the signals before and after they are transmitted
More informationChapter 12: Transmission Lines. EET-223: RF Communication Circuits Walter Lara
Chapter 12: Transmission Lines EET-223: RF Communication Circuits Walter Lara Introduction A transmission line can be defined as the conductive connections between system elements that carry signal power.
More informationIncreasing the Probability of Detection and Evaluation of Buried Metallic Objects by Data Fusion GPR- Low Frequency Electromagnetic Sensor Array
4th European-American Workshop on Reliability of NDE - Poster 4 Increasing the Probability of Detection and Evaluation of Buried Metallic Objects by Data Fusion GPR- Low Frequency Electromagnetic Sensor
More informationRadar Methods General Overview
Environmental and Exploration Geophysics II Radar Methods General Overview tom.h.wilson tom.wilson@mail.wvu.edu Department of Geology and Geography West Virginia University Morgantown, WV Brown (2004)
More informationFiber Optic Communication Systems. Unit-04: Theory of Light. https://sites.google.com/a/faculty.muet.edu.pk/abdullatif
Unit-04: Theory of Light https://sites.google.com/a/faculty.muet.edu.pk/abdullatif Department of Telecommunication, MUET UET Jamshoro 1 Limitations of Ray theory Ray theory describes only the direction
More informationHarmful Effects of Mobile Phone Tower Radiations on Muscle and Bone Tissues of Human Body at Frequencies 800, 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz
American Journal of Physics and Applications 2015; 3(6): 226-237 Published online January 8, 2016 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajpa) doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20150306.17 ISSN: 2330-4286 (Print);
More informationRADIOWAVE PROPAGATION
RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION Physics and Applications CURT A. LEVIS JOEL T. JOHNSON FERNANDO L. TEIXEIRA The cover illustration is part of a figure from R.C. Kirby, "Introduction," Lecture 1 in NBS Course in
More informationPulse Transmission and Cable Properties ================================
PHYS 4211 Fall 2005 Last edit: October 2, 2006 T.E. Coan Pulse Transmission and Cable Properties ================================ GOAL To understand how voltage and current pulses are transmitted along
More informationRADAR INSPECTION OF CONCRETE, BRICK AND MASONRY STRUCTURES
RADAR INSPECTION OF CONCRETE, BRICK AND MASONRY STRUCTURES C.P.Hobbs AEA Industrial Technology Materials and Manufacturing Division Nondestructive Testing Department Building 447 Harwell Laboratory Oxon
More informationIEEE 802.3aq Task Force Dynamic Channel Model Ad Hoc Task 2 - Time variation & modal noise 10/13/2004 con-call
IEEE 802.3aq Task Force Dynamic Channel Model Ad Hoc Task 2 - Time variation & modal noise 10/13/2004 con-call Time variance in MMF links Further test results Rob Coenen Overview Based on the formulation
More informationPhysics 102: Lecture 14 Electromagnetic Waves
Physics 102: Lecture 14 Electromagnetic Waves Physics 102: Lecture 14, Slide 1 Review: Phasors & Resonance At resonance Z is minimum (=R) I max is maximum (=V gen,max /R) V gen is in phase with I X L =
More informationOBJECTIVES: PROPAGATION INTRO RADIO WAVES POLARIZATION LINE OF SIGHT, GROUND WAVE, SKY WAVE IONOSPHERE REGIONS PROPAGATION, HOPS, SKIPS ZONES THE
WAVE PROPAGATION OBJECTIVES: PROPAGATION INTRO RADIO WAVES POLARIZATION LINE OF SIGHT, GROUND WAVE, SKY WAVE IONOSPHERE REGIONS PROPAGATION, HOPS, SKIPS ZONES THE IONOSPHERIC LAYERS ABSORPTION AND FADING
More informationGeology 228/378 Environmental Geophysics Lecture 10. Electromagnetic Methods (EM) I And frequency EM (FEM)
Geology 228/378 Environmental Geophysics Lecture 10 Electromagnetic Methods (EM) I And frequency EM (FEM) Lecture Outline Introduction Principles Systems and Methods Case Histories Introduction Many EM
More informationSession2 Antennas and Propagation
Wireless Communication Presented by Dr. Mahmoud Daneshvar Session2 Antennas and Propagation 1. Introduction Types of Anttenas Free space Propagation 2. Propagation modes 3. Transmission Problems 4. Fading
More informationInvestigating multi-polarization GPR wave transmission through thin layers: Implications for vertical fracture characterization
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 33, L20401, doi:10.1029/2006gl027788, 2006 Investigating multi-polarization GPR wave transmission through thin layers: Implications for vertical fracture characterization
More informationOptimization of Layer Thickness to Yield Predetermined Shielding Performance of Multilayer Conductor Electromagnetic Shield
Optimization of Layer Thickness to Yield Predetermined Shielding Performance of Multilayer Conductor Electromagnetic Shield C Dharma Raj D Vijaya Saradhi P Hemambaradhara Rao P Chandra Sekhar GITAM University
More informationThe Radio Channel. COS 463: Wireless Networks Lecture 14 Kyle Jamieson. [Parts adapted from I. Darwazeh, A. Goldsmith, T. Rappaport, P.
The Radio Channel COS 463: Wireless Networks Lecture 14 Kyle Jamieson [Parts adapted from I. Darwazeh, A. Goldsmith, T. Rappaport, P. Steenkiste] Motivation The radio channel is what limits most radio
More information1 V NAME. Clock Pulse. Unipolar NRZ NRZ AMI NRZ HDB3
NAME ES 442 Homework #9 (Spring 208 Due May 7, 208 ) Print out homework and do work on the printed pages.. Problem High Density Bipolar 3 (HDB3) (20 points) HDB3 is a line code developed to avoid long
More informationEstimating Debye Parameters from GPR Reflection Data Using Spectral Ratios
Boise State University ScholarWorks Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations Department of Geosciences 9-7-2009 Estimating Debye Parameters from GPR Reflection Data Using Spectral Ratios John
More informationUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal
University of KwaZulu-Natal School of Engineering Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering Instructions to Candidates: UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS DECEMBER 2016 ENEL3EM: EM THEORY Time allowed: 2 hours
More information(A) 2f (B) 2 f (C) f ( D) 2 (E) 2
1. A small vibrating object S moves across the surface of a ripple tank producing the wave fronts shown above. The wave fronts move with speed v. The object is traveling in what direction and with what
More informationLecture PowerPoints. Chapter 22 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli
Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 22 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching
More informationPEAT SEISMOLOGY Lecture 6: Ray theory
PEAT8002 - SEISMOLOGY Lecture 6: Ray theory Nick Rawlinson Research School of Earth Sciences Australian National University Introduction Here, we consider the problem of how body waves (P and S) propagate
More informationPropagation of EM Waves in material media
Propagation of EM Waves in material media S.M.Lea 017 1 Wave propagation As usual, we start with Maxwell s euations with no free charges: =0 =0 = = + If we now assume that each field has the plane wave
More informationa) Basic unit of an ideal transmission line b) an ideal transmission line
Pulses in cables eferences: H.J. Pain: The Physics of ibrations and Waves, 5 th ed., Wiley, Chapter 7 (Waves in Transmission lines) T.. Kuphaldt: Lessons in Electric Circuits, olume AC, Chapter 4 (Transmission
More informationVALIDATION OF GROUND PENETRATING RADAR DATA INTERPRETATION USING AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION SIMULATOR
Romanian Reports in Physics, Vol. 68, No. 4, P. 1584 1588, 2016 VALIDATION OF GROUND PENETRATING RADAR DATA INTERPRETATION USING AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION SIMULATOR A. CHELMUS National Institute
More informationChapter 13: Wave Propagation. EET-223: RF Communication Circuits Walter Lara
Chapter 13: Wave Propagation EET-223: RF Communication Circuits Walter Lara Electrical to Electromagnetic Conversion Since the atmosphere is not a conductor of electrons (instead a good insulator), electrical
More informationUsing GPR Technique Assessment for Study the Sub-Grade of Asphalt and Concrete Conditions
Using GPR Technique Assessment for Study the Sub-Grade of Asphalt and Concrete Conditions Alaa S. Mahdi Remote Sensing Unit, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq Abstract The Ground
More informationEC Transmission Lines And Waveguides
EC6503 - Transmission Lines And Waveguides UNIT I - TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY A line of cascaded T sections & Transmission lines - General Solution, Physical Significance of the Equations 1. Define Characteristic
More informationRadio Propagation Fundamentals
Radio Propagation Fundamentals Concept of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Mechanisms Modes of Propagation Propagation Models Path Profiles Link Budget Fading Channels Electromagnetic (EM) Waves EM Wave
More informationSingle-turn and multi-turn coil domains in 3D COMSOL. All rights reserved.
Single-turn and multi-turn coil domains in 3D 2012 COMSOL. All rights reserved. Introduction This tutorial shows how to use the Single-Turn Coil Domain and Multi-Turn Coil Domain features in COMSOL s Magnetic
More informationUWB Channel Modeling
Channel Modeling ETIN10 Lecture no: 9 UWB Channel Modeling Fredrik Tufvesson & Johan Kåredal, Department of Electrical and Information Technology fredrik.tufvesson@eit.lth.se 2011-02-21 Fredrik Tufvesson
More informationDragging Exploration into the Quantum Age: using Atomic Dielectric Resonance technology to classify sites in the North Atlantic Craton
Dragging Exploration into the Quantum Age: using Atomic Dielectric Resonance technology to classify sites in the North Atlantic Craton Gordon D.C. Stove CEO & Co-founder Agenda What is Atomic Dielectric
More information(i) Determine the admittance parameters of the network of Fig 1 (f) and draw its - equivalent circuit.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1995 ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING PAPER - I Some useful data: Electron charge: 1.6 10 19 Coulomb Free space permeability: 4 10 7 H/m Free space permittivity: 8.85 pf/m Velocity
More informationIonospheric Absorption
Ionospheric Absorption Prepared by Forrest Foust Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on Advancing VLF through the Global AWESOME Network VLF Injection Into the Magnetosphere Earth-based VLF
More informationSHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS
SHIELDING Electronic devices are commonly packaged in a conducting enclosure (shield) in order to (1) prevent the electronic devices inside the shield from radiating emissions efficiently and/or (2) prevent
More informationChannel Modeling ETI 085
Channel Modeling ETI 085 Overview Lecture no: 9 What is Ultra-Wideband (UWB)? Why do we need UWB channel models? UWB Channel Modeling UWB channel modeling Standardized UWB channel models Fredrik Tufvesson
More information3. Electromagnetic methods 3.1 Introduction
3. Electromagnetic methods 3.1 Introduction The electromagnetic techniques have the broadest range of different instrumental systems. They can be classified as either time domain (TEM) of frequency domain
More informationPropagation of Electromagnetic Waves
Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves REFLECTOR (Water) RADAR ANTENNA Speed of electromagnetic waves used in radar = 300,000,000m/s Speed of electromagnetic waves changes due to temperature, pressure and
More informationExperiment on Artificial Frozen Soil Boundary GPR Detection During Cross-passage Construction in Tunnels
354 Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium 2005, Hangzhou, China, August 22-26 Experiment on Artificial Frozen Soil Boundary GPR Detection During Cross-passage Construction in Tunnels Yong-Hui
More informationAM BASIC ELECTRONICS TRANSMISSION LINES JANUARY 2012 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY MILITARY AUXILIARY RADIO SYSTEM FORT HUACHUCA ARIZONA
AM 5-306 BASIC ELECTRONICS TRANSMISSION LINES JANUARY 2012 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for Pubic Release. Distribution is unlimited. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY MILITARY AUXILIARY RADIO SYSTEM FORT HUACHUCA
More informationChannel Modelling ETIM10. Propagation mechanisms
Channel Modelling ETIM10 Lecture no: 2 Propagation mechanisms Ghassan Dahman \ Fredrik Tufvesson Department of Electrical and Information Technology Lund University, Sweden 2012-01-20 Fredrik Tufvesson
More informationA NOVEL DUAL-BAND PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN COMMUNICATION. E. Wang Information Engineering College of NCUT China
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 6, 93 102, 2009 A NOVEL DUAL-BAND PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN COMMUNICATION E. Wang Information Engineering College of NCUT China J. Zheng Beijing Electro-mechanical
More information& DEVELOPMENT S PECIAL. Report. New Views of the Subsurface
A novel use of marine controlled source electromagnetic sounding techniques (CSEM), called seabed logging, may cut exploration costs in deepsea areas. The method has been tested off West Africa in 2 and
More informationObjectives of transmission lines
Introduction to Transmission Lines Applications Telephone Cable TV (CATV, or Community Antenna Television) Broadband network High frequency (RF) circuits, e.g., circuit board, RF circuits, etc. Microwave
More informationThe application of GPR for the modeling of ERT data and the evaluation of resolution for different electrode configurations
BACHELOR THESIS The application of GPR for the modeling of ERT data and the evaluation of resolution for different TU Wien Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation Research Group Geophysics Performed by
More informationAdvanced Utility Locating Technologies (R01B)
Advanced Utility Locating Technologies (R01B) Jacob Sheehan Senior Geophysicist Olson Engineering Phil Sirles Principal Geophysicist Olson Engineering Introduction: Utility Bundle Overview SHRP2 Strategic
More informationREVERBERATION CHAMBER FOR EMI TESTING
1 REVERBERATION CHAMBER FOR EMI TESTING INTRODUCTION EMI Testing 1. Whether a product is intended for military, industrial, commercial or residential use, while it must perform its intended function in
More informationEITN85, FREDRIK TUFVESSON, JOHAN KÅREDAL ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. Why do we need UWB channel models?
Wireless Communication Channels Lecture 9:UWB Channel Modeling EITN85, FREDRIK TUFVESSON, JOHAN KÅREDAL ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Overview What is Ultra-Wideband (UWB)? Why do we need UWB channel
More informationThe Principle V(SWR) The Result. Mirror, Mirror, Darkly, Darkly
The Principle V(SWR) The Result Mirror, Mirror, Darkly, Darkly 1 Question time!! What do you think VSWR (SWR) mean to you? What does one mean by a transmission line? Coaxial line Waveguide Water pipe Tunnel
More informationLecture Note on Wireless Communication Engineering I
Lecture Note on Wireless Communication Engineering I Prof. Kiyomichi Araki Department of Electrical & Electronics Tokyo Institute of Technology South III Bld. Room No. 912 TEL/FAX: 03-5734-3495 E-mail:
More informationUNIT Explain the radiation from two-wire. Ans: Radiation from Two wire
UNIT 1 1. Explain the radiation from two-wire. Radiation from Two wire Figure1.1.1 shows a voltage source connected two-wire transmission line which is further connected to an antenna. An electric field
More informationWaveguides. Metal Waveguides. Dielectric Waveguides
Waveguides Waveguides, like transmission lines, are structures used to guide electromagnetic waves from point to point. However, the fundamental characteristics of waveguide and transmission line waves
More informationGroundwave Propagation, Part One
Groundwave Propagation, Part One 1 Planar Earth groundwave 2 Planar Earth groundwave example 3 Planar Earth elevated antenna effects Levis, Johnson, Teixeira (ESL/OSU) Radiowave Propagation August 17,
More information4.6.1 Waves in air, fluids and solids Transverse and longitudinal waves Properties of waves
4.6 Waves Wave behaviour is common in both natural and man-made systems. Waves carry energy from one place to another and can also carry information. Designing comfortable and safe structures such as bridges,
More informationUltrasound Physics. History: Ultrasound 2/13/2019. Ultrasound
Ultrasound Physics History: Ultrasound Ultrasound 1942: Dr. Karl Theodore Dussik transmission ultrasound investigation of the brain 1949-51: Holmes and Howry subject submerged in water tank to achieve
More informationLecture 12: Curvature and Refraction Radar Equation for Point Targets (Rinehart Ch3-4)
MET 4410 Remote Sensing: Radar and Satellite Meteorology MET 5412 Remote Sensing in Meteorology Lecture 12: Curvature and Refraction Radar Equation for Point Targets (Rinehart Ch3-4) Radar Wave Propagation
More informationPrecipitation of Energetic Protons from the Radiation Belts. using Lower Hybrid Waves
Precipitation of Energetic Protons from the Radiation Belts using Lower Hybrid Waves Lower hybrid waves are quasi-electrostatic whistler mode waves whose wave normal direction is very close to the whistler
More informationElectromagnetic Radiation
Electromagnetic Radiation EMR Light: Interference and Optics I. Light as a Wave - wave basics review - electromagnetic radiation II. Diffraction and Interference - diffraction, Huygen s principle - superposition,
More informationReport. Mearns Consulting LLC. Former Gas Station 237 E. Las Tunas Drive San Gabriel, California Project # E
Mearns Consulting LLC Report Former Gas Station 237 E. Las Tunas Drive San Gabriel, California Project #1705261E Charles Carter California Professional Geophysicist 20434 Corisco Street Chatsworth, CA
More informationP Forsmark site investigation. RAMAC and BIPS logging in borehole HFM11 and HFM12
P-04-39 Forsmark site investigation RAMAC and BIPS logging in borehole HFM11 and HFM12 Jaana Gustafsson, Christer Gustafsson Malå Geoscience AB/RAYCON March 2004 Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB Swedish
More informationExtraction of Antenna Gain from Path Loss Model. for In-Body Communication
Extraction of Antenna Gain from Path Loss Model for In-Body Communication Divya Kurup, Wout Joseph, Emmeric Tanghe, Günter Vermeeren, Luc Martens Ghent University / IBBT, Dept. of Information Technology
More informationATS 351 Lecture 9 Radar
ATS 351 Lecture 9 Radar Radio Waves Electromagnetic Waves Consist of an electric field and a magnetic field Polarization: describes the orientation of the electric field. 1 Remote Sensing Passive vs Active
More informationARCHAEOLOGICAL GEOPHYSICS: SENSOR SELECTION AND SITE SUITABILITY
ARCHAEOLOGICAL GEOPHYSICS: SENSOR SELECTION AND SITE SUITABILITY A SPARC Webinar presented on October 17, 2014 Eileen G. Ernenwein, PhD ETSU: http://faculty.etsu.edu/ernenwei/ CAST: http://goo.gl/wyzlp
More informationWe are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists. International authors and editors
We are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 3,900 116,000 120M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our
More information4.6 Waves Waves in air, fluids and solids Transverse and longitudinal waves
4.6 Waves Wave behaviour is common in both natural and man-made systems. Waves carry energy from one place to another and can also carry information. Designing comfortable and safe structures such as bridges,
More informationSw earth Dw Direct wave GRw Ground reflected wave Sw Surface wave
WAVE PROPAGATION By Marcel H. De Canck, ON5AU Electromagnetic radio waves can propagate in three different ways between the transmitter and the receiver. 1- Ground waves 2- Troposphere waves 3- Sky waves
More information