Ultrasound Physics. History: Ultrasound 2/13/2019. Ultrasound
|
|
- Dayna Blanche Barker
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Ultrasound Physics History: Ultrasound Ultrasound 1942: Dr. Karl Theodore Dussik transmission ultrasound investigation of the brain : Holmes and Howry subject submerged in water tank to achieve good acoustic coupling, pioneers of B-mode imaging 1958: Dr. Ian Donald incorporating ultrasound into OB/GYN field of medicine 1
2 History: Ultrasound History: Ultrasound 2
3 Ultrasound Physics Ultrasound is a longitudinal wave compression and rarefaction Speed of sound in tissue approximately 1540 m/sec. 3
4 but the waves are actually a 3D phenomenon 4
5 but the waves are actually a 3D phenomenon 3D wave equation 3D Laplacian Operator 5
6 typically reduce down to one spatial direction at a time plane wave wave equation so what kind of functions might work? 6
7 so what kind of functions might work? Relationship between wavelength, speed of sound, and frequency. Example suppose a steady-state sinusoidal wave with frequency 2 MHz is traveling in the +z direction in the liver. What is its wavelength? 7
8 8
9 Refraction When a wave passes from one medium to another the frequency is constant, and since c changes, then so must the wavelength Reflection Coefficient - Intensity Previous for pressure/amplitude, often easier to deal with intensity recall: 9
10 Example suppose a plane wave traveling through fat is incident upon the liver with normal incidence, what fraction of acoustic intensity is reflected back from the interface? Attenuation 10
11 Attenuation Example suppose a 5 MHz acoustic pulse travels from a transducer through 2 cm of fat, then encounters and interface with the liver at normal incidence. At what time interval after the transmitted pulse will the reflected pulse arrive back at the transducer? Taking both attenuation and reflection into account, what will be the amplitude loss in db of the returning waveform? 11
12 Scattering Size of targets/scatterers much smaller than acoustic wavelength Specular Reflections echoes originating from relatively large, regularly-shaped objects with smooth surfaces. Scattered Reflections echoes originating from small weakly reflective, irregularly shaped objects 12
13 Scattering Size of targets/scatterers much smaller than acoustic wavelength Each target acts like a spherical wave source, converting a fraction of the incident plane wave energy into spherical wave. Non-linear Propagation Generally assume sinusoidal input results in sinusoidal output, but not exactly true Speed of sound for a given material depends on the acoustic pressure that is present distorts the acoustic waveform as it propagates. 13
14 Tissue Harmonic Imaging Doppler Effect ht/dopplershift.html For pulse-echo imaging 14
15 Example suppose it is known that a 5-MHz transducer axis makes an angel of 30 degrees relative to the direction of motion of blood in a vessel. If the Doppler frequency is measured to be +500Hz, what is the velocity of the blood? Towards or away from the transducer? Ultrasound Physics: Beam Patterns and Focusing Simple Field Pattern Model 15
16 Ultrasound Physics: Beam Patterns and Focusing Transducer arrays can produce side-lobes that cause artifacts Ultrasound Physics: Beam Patterns and Focusing Focusing shape the beam into a narrower shape than what s from a flat plane 1) Curved crystal 2) Apply a lens 3) Electronic focusing using arrays 16
The Physics of Echo. The Physics of Echo. The Physics of Echo Is there pericardial calcification? 9/30/13
Basic Ultrasound Physics Kirk Spencer MD Speaker has no disclosures to make Sound Audible range 20Khz Medical ultrasound Megahertz range Advantages of imaging with ultrasound Directed as a beam Tomographic
More information12/26/2017. Alberto Ardon M.D.
Alberto Ardon M.D. 1 Preparatory Work Ultrasound Physics http://www.nysora.com/mobile/regionalanesthesia/foundations-of-us-guided-nerve-blockstechniques/index.1.html Basic Ultrasound Handling https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q2otukhrruc
More informationLesson 02: Sound Wave Production. This lesson contains 24 slides plus 11 multiple-choice questions.
Lesson 02: Sound Wave Production This lesson contains 24 slides plus 11 multiple-choice questions. Accompanying text for the slides in this lesson can be found on pages 2 through 7 in the textbook: ULTRASOUND
More informationPhysics of ultrasound
1 Physics of ultrasound Basic principles Nature of ultrasound Sound = longitudinal, mechanical wave particles move parallel to direction of travel Audible sound < 20 khz Ultrasound > 20 khz Sound cannot
More informationPhysics of Ultrasound Ultrasound Imaging and Artifacts รศ.นพ.เดโช จ กราพาน ชก ล สาขาหท ยว ทยา, ภาคว ชาอาย รศาสตร คณะแพทยศาสตร ศ ร ราชพยาบาล
Physics of Ultrasound Ultrasound Imaging and Artifacts รศ.นพ.เดโช จ กราพาน ชก ล สาขาหท ยว ทยา, ภาคว ชาอาย รศาสตร คณะแพทยศาสตร ศ ร ราชพยาบาล Diagnosis TTE TEE ICE 3D 4D Evaluation of Cardiac Anatomy Hemodynamic
More informationThe physics of ultrasound. Dr Graeme Taylor Guy s & St Thomas NHS Trust
The physics of ultrasound Dr Graeme Taylor Guy s & St Thomas NHS Trust Physics & Instrumentation Modern ultrasound equipment is continually evolving This talk will cover the basics What will be covered?
More informationUltrasound Bioinstrumentation. Topic 2 (lecture 3) Beamforming
Ultrasound Bioinstrumentation Topic 2 (lecture 3) Beamforming Angular Spectrum 2D Fourier transform of aperture Angular spectrum Propagation of Angular Spectrum Propagation as a Linear Spatial Filter Free
More informationChapter 4. Pulse Echo Imaging. where: d = distance v = velocity t = time
Chapter 4 Pulse Echo Imaging Ultrasound imaging systems are based on the principle of pulse echo imaging. These systems require the use of short pulses of ultrasound to create two-dimensional, sectional
More informationInteraction of Sound and. logarithms. Logarithms continued. Decibels (db) Decibels (db) continued. Interaction of Sound and Media continued
Interaction of Sound and Media continued Interaction of Sound and Media Chapter 6 As sound travels through a media and interacts with normal anatomical structures its intensity weakens through what is
More informationUltrasound & Artifacts
ISSN 2005-7881 Journal of Neurosonology 3(Suppl. 2):1-17, 2011 Ultrasound & Artifacts Siryung Han The Catholic University of Korea Artifacts False image- echoes without anatomic correlate US image dose
More informationLesson 06: Pulse-echo Imaging and Display Modes. These lessons contain 26 slides plus 15 multiple-choice questions.
Lesson 06: Pulse-echo Imaging and Display Modes These lessons contain 26 slides plus 15 multiple-choice questions. These lesson were derived from pages 26 through 32 in the textbook: ULTRASOUND IMAGING
More informationUltrasound Beamforming and Image Formation. Jeremy J. Dahl
Ultrasound Beamforming and Image Formation Jeremy J. Dahl Overview Ultrasound Concepts Beamforming Image Formation Absorption and TGC Advanced Beamforming Techniques Synthetic Receive Aperture Parallel
More informationIntroduction to Medical Engineering (Medical Imaging) Ultrasound Imaging. Ho Kyung Kim Pusan National University
Introduction to Medical Engineering (Medical Imaging) Suetens 6 Ultrasound Imaging Ho Kyung Kim Pusan National University Sound Sonic: 20 Hz 20 khz (audible frequency) Subsonic () Ultrasound
More informationFig. 1
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 1. Fig. 1 shows data for the intensity of a parallel beam of X-rays after penetration through varying thicknesses of a material. intensity / MW m 2 thickness / mm 0.91 0.40 0.69
More informationUltrasound Imaging Ultr Michael Dadd 2007
Ultrasound Imaging Ultrasound Physics & Instrumentation - Recommended Reading 1. Diagnostic Ultrasound: Principles and Instruments (7th Ed) Frederick W Kremkau W B Saunders Company 2. Applied Physics &
More informationUnderstanding How Frequency, Beam Patterns of Transducers, and Reflection Characteristics of Targets Affect the Performance of Ultrasonic Sensors
Characteristics of Targets Affect the Performance of Ultrasonic Sensors By Donald P. Massa, President and CTO of Massa Products Corporation Overview of How an Ultrasonic Sensor Functions Ultrasonic sensors
More information(A) 2f (B) 2 f (C) f ( D) 2 (E) 2
1. A small vibrating object S moves across the surface of a ripple tank producing the wave fronts shown above. The wave fronts move with speed v. The object is traveling in what direction and with what
More informationChapter PREPTEST: SHM & WAVE PROPERTIES
2 4 Chapter 13-14 PREPTEST: SHM & WAVE PROPERTIES Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A load of 45 N attached to a spring that is hanging vertically
More information4.6.1 Waves in air, fluids and solids Transverse and longitudinal waves Properties of waves
4.6 Waves Wave behaviour is common in both natural and man-made systems. Waves carry energy from one place to another and can also carry information. Designing comfortable and safe structures such as bridges,
More informationDescriptors crest(positive), trough (negative), wavelength, amplitude
Review of Waves Definition transfer of energy through a medium Pulse single disturbance Wave repeated or periodic disturbance Medium a substance or material which carries the wave Particle displacement
More informationAP PHYSICS WAVE BEHAVIOR
AP PHYSICS WAVE BEHAVIOR NAME: HB: ACTIVITY I. BOUNDARY BEHAVIOR As a wave travels through a medium, it will often reach the end of the medium and encounter an obstacle or perhaps another medium through
More informationPhysics of Ultrasound & Doppler. Sang Jae Rhee. MD., PhD. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Wonkwang University Hospital
Physics of Ultrasound & Doppler Sang Jae Rhee. MD., PhD. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Wonkwang University Hospital Classification of Sound Infrasound Audible sound Ultrasound < 20 Hz 20-20,000 Hz
More informationPhysics B Waves and Sound Name: AP Review. Show your work:
Physics B Waves and Sound Name: AP Review Mechanical Wave A disturbance that propagates through a medium with little or no net displacement of the particles of the medium. Parts of a Wave Crest: high point
More informationWaves Mechanical vs. Electromagnetic Mechanical Electromagnetic Transverse vs. Longitudinal Behavior of Light
PSC1341 Chapter 4 Waves Chapter 4: Wave Motion A.. The Behavior of Light B. The E-M spectrum C. Equations D. Reflection, Refraction, Lenses and Diffraction E. Constructive Interference, Destructive Interference
More informationExplain what is meant by a photon and state one of its main properties [2]
1 (a) A patient has an X-ray scan taken in hospital. The high-energy X-ray photons interact with the atoms inside the body of the patient. Explain what is meant by a photon and state one of its main properties....
More informationOptimisation of Image Acquisition Bordeaux 16th November J.S. McGhie W.B. Vletter R. Frowijn No disclosures
Optimisation of Image Acquisition Bordeaux 16th November 2016 J.S. McGhie W.B. Vletter R. Frowijn No disclosures Image optimisation: The Echo machine It looks difficult to drive an echo machine!! Some
More informationSonic Distance Sensors
Sonic Distance Sensors Introduction - Sound is transmitted through the propagation of pressure in the air. - The speed of sound in the air is normally 331m/sec at 0 o C. - Two of the important characteristics
More information3. Ultrasound Imaging(2)
3. Ultrasound Imaging(2) Lecture 13, 14 Medical Imaging Systems Jae Gwan Kim, Ph.D. jaekim@gist.ac.kr, X 2220 Department of BioMedical Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Sciences and Technology
More informationSOUND. Second, the energy is transferred from the source in the form of a longitudinal sound wave.
SOUND - we can distinguish three aspects of any sound. First, there must be a source for a sound. As with any wave, the source of a sound wave is a vibrating object. Second, the energy is transferred from
More informationVirtual ultrasound sources
CHAPTER SEVEN Virtual ultrasound sources One of the drawbacks of the generic synthetic aperture, the synthetic transmit aperture, and recursive ultrasound imaging is the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
More informationUltrasound physical principles in today s technology
Education Ultrasound physical principles in today s technology Brian Starkoff M.App.Sc.(Med. Ultrasound), AMS Holland Park Brisbane Queensland Australia Correspondence to email starkoff@optusnet.com.au
More informationIntroduction to Ultrasound Physics
Introduction to Ultrasound Physics Vassilis Sboros Medical Physics and Cardiovascular Sciences University of Edinburgh Transverse waves Water remains in position Disturbance traverse producing more wave
More informationWave Review Questions Updated
Name: Date: 1. Which type of wave requires a material medium through which to travel? 5. Which characteristic is the same for every color of light in a vacuum? A. radio wave B. microwave C. light wave
More informationIntext Exercise 1 Question 1: How does the sound produced by a vibrating object in a medium reach your ear?
Intext Exercise 1 How does the sound produced by a vibrating object in a medium reach your ear? When an vibrating object vibrates, it forces the neighbouring particles of the medium to vibrate. These vibrating
More informationUse of trig to find the vertical Or horizontal component of the initial velocity
1(a)(i) Use of trig to find the vertical Or horizontal component of the initial velocity Use of suitable equations of motion to calculate total time of flight of the ball Use of v = s/t Total horizontal
More informationBike Generator Project
Bike Generator Project Each lab section will build 1 bike generator Each lab group will build 1 energy board Connect and test energy board and bike generator Create curriculum materials and demos to teach
More informationSODAR- sonic detecting and ranging
Active Remote Sensing of the PBL Immersed vs. remote sensors Active vs. passive sensors RADAR- radio detection and ranging WSR-88D TDWR wind profiler SODAR- sonic detecting and ranging minisodar RASS RADAR
More informationLesson 06: Pulse-echo Imaging and Display Modes. This lesson contains 22 slides plus 15 multiple-choice questions.
Lesson 06: Pulse-echo Imaging and Display Modes This lesson contains 22 slides plus 15 multiple-choice questions. Accompanying text for the slides in this lesson can be found on pages 26 through 32 in
More informationChapter 12. Preview. Objectives The Production of Sound Waves Frequency of Sound Waves The Doppler Effect. Section 1 Sound Waves
Section 1 Sound Waves Preview Objectives The Production of Sound Waves Frequency of Sound Waves The Doppler Effect Section 1 Sound Waves Objectives Explain how sound waves are produced. Relate frequency
More informationMedical Imaging (EL582/BE620/GA4426)
Medical Imaging (EL582/BE620/GA4426) Jonathan Mamou, PhD Riverside Research Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering New York, NY jmamou@riversideresearch.org On behalf of Prof. Daniel Turnbull Outline
More informationNCERT solution for Sound
NCERT solution for Sound 1 Question 1 How does the sound produce by a vibrating object in a medium reach your ear? When an object vibrates, it vibrates the neighboring particles of the medium. These vibrating
More informationSession: 1E CONTRAST AGENTS II Chair: K. Ferrara University of California-Davis. 1E-1 10:30 a.m.
Session: 1E CONTRAST AGENTS II Chair: K. Ferrara University of California-Davis 1E-1 10:30 a.m. PULSE INVERSION DOPPLER FOR BLOOD FLOW DETECTION IN THE MACRO- AND MICRO-VASCULATURE WITH ULTRASOUND CONTRAST
More informationUltrasonic Linear Array Medical Imaging System
Ultrasonic Linear Array Medical Imaging System R. K. Saha, S. Karmakar, S. Saha, M. Roy, S. Sarkar and S.K. Sen Microelectronics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700064.
More informationCOMPUTER PHANTOMS FOR SIMULATING ULTRASOUND B-MODE AND CFM IMAGES
Paper presented at the 23rd Acoustical Imaging Symposium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, April 13-16, 1997: COMPUTER PHANTOMS FOR SIMULATING ULTRASOUND B-MODE AND CFM IMAGES Jørgen Arendt Jensen and Peter
More informationMEASUREMENT OF SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE USING AIR COUPLED TRANSDUCER AND LASER DOPPLER VIBROMETER
21 st International Conference on Composite Materials Xi an, 20-25 th August 2017 MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE USING AIR COUPLED TRANSDUCER AND LASER DOPPLER VIBROMETER Weitao Yuan 1, Jinfeng Zhao
More informationSpring 2004 M2.1. Lab M2. Ultrasound: Interference, Wavelength, and Velocity
Spring 2004 M2.1 Lab M2. Ultrasound: Interference, Wavelength, and Velocity The purpose in this lab exercise is to become familiar with the properties of waves: frequency, wavelength, phase and velocity.
More information4.6 Waves Waves in air, fluids and solids Transverse and longitudinal waves
4.6 Waves Wave behaviour is common in both natural and man-made systems. Waves carry energy from one place to another and can also carry information. Designing comfortable and safe structures such as bridges,
More informationABC Math Student Copy
Page 1 of 17 Physics Week 9(Sem. 2) Name Chapter Summary Waves and Sound Cont d 2 Principle of Linear Superposition Sound is a pressure wave. Often two or more sound waves are present at the same place
More informationLecture 19. Ultrasound Imaging
Lecture 19 Ultrasound Imaging Contents 1. Introduction 2. Ultrasound and its generation 3. Wave propagation in the matter 4. Data acquisition (A, B, M and Doppler model) 5. Imaging reconstruction (5 steps)
More informationUltrasonic Testing using a unipolar pulse
Ultrasonic Testing using a unipolar pulse by Y. Udagawa* and T. Shiraiwa** *Imaging Supersonic Laboratories Co.,Ltd. 12-7 Tezukayamanakamachi Nara Japan 63163 1. Abstract Krautkramer Japan Co.,Ltd. 9-29
More informationWaves-Wave Behaviors
1. While playing, two children create a standing wave in a rope, as shown in the diagram below. A third child participates by jumping the rope. What is the wavelength of this standing wave? 1. 2.15 m 2.
More informationHarmonic Source Wavefront Correction for Ultrasound Imaging
Harmonic Source Wavefront Correction for Ultrasound Imaging by Scott W. Dianis Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University Date: Approved: Dr. Olaf T. von Ramm, Ph.D., Advisor Dr. Stephen W. Smith,
More informationWaves & Interference
Waves & Interference I. Definitions and Types II. Parameters and Equations III. Sound IV. Graphs of Waves V. Interference - superposition - standing waves The student will be able to: HW: 1 Define, apply,
More informationPreview. Sound Section 1. Section 1 Sound Waves. Section 2 Sound Intensity and Resonance. Section 3 Harmonics
Sound Section 1 Preview Section 1 Sound Waves Section 2 Sound Intensity and Resonance Section 3 Harmonics Sound Section 1 TEKS The student is expected to: 7A examine and describe oscillatory motion and
More informationAnswer:- School bell starts vibrating when heated which creates compression and rarefaction in air and sound is produced.
Sound How does the sound produced by a vibrating object in a medium reach your ear? - Vibrations in an object create disturbance in the medium and consequently compressions and rarefactions. Because of
More informationCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Spatial resolution in ultrasonic imaging is one of many parameters that impact image quality. Therefore, mechanisms to improve system spatial resolution could result in improved
More informationSection 1: Sound. Sound and Light Section 1
Sound and Light Section 1 Section 1: Sound Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Properties of Sound Sound Intensity and Decibel Level Musical Instruments Hearing and the Ear The Ear Ultrasound and Sonar Sound
More informationPreview. Light and Reflection Section 1. Section 1 Characteristics of Light. Section 2 Flat Mirrors. Section 3 Curved Mirrors
Light and Reflection Section 1 Preview Section 1 Characteristics of Light Section 2 Flat Mirrors Section 3 Curved Mirrors Section 4 Color and Polarization Light and Reflection Section 1 TEKS The student
More informationChapter Introduction. Chapter Wrap-Up. and the Eye
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Sound Light Chapter Wrap-Up Mirrors, Lenses, and the Eye How do sound and light waves travel and interact with matter? What do you think? Before you begin,
More informationBiomedical. Measurement and Design ELEC4623/ELEC9734. Electrical Safety and Performance Standards
Biomedical Instrumentation, Measurement and Design ELEC4623/ELEC9734 Electrical Safety and Performance Standards Contents Physiological Effects of Electrical Currents Safety Standards for Medical Instrumentation
More informationECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 6: Fading
ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS 513 - Wireless Communication Systems Winter 2003 Lecture 6: Fading Last lecture: Large scale propagation properties of wireless systems - slowly varying properties that depend primarily
More informationBEAM DISTORTION IN DOPPLER ULTRASOUND FLOW TEST RIGS: MEASUREMENT USING A STRING PHANTOM
BEAM DISTORTION IN DOPPLER ULTRASOUND FLOW TEST RIGS: MEASUREMENT USING A STRING PHANTOM R. Steel, P. J. Fish School of Informatics, University of Wales, Bangor, UK Abstract-The tube in flow rigs used
More informationAN EMAT ARRAY FOR THE RAPID INSPECTION OF LARGE STRUCTURES USING GUIDED WAVES. Paul Wilcox 1, Mike Lowe 2
AN EMAT ARRAY FOR THE RAPID INSPECTION OF LARGE STRUCTURES USING GUIDED WAVES Paul Wilcox 1, Mike Lowe 2 least as important as the issue of modal selectivity. For example, a defect free rectangular plate
More informationTopic 4: Waves 4.2 Traveling waves
Crests and troughs Compare the waves traveling through the mediums of rope and spring. CREST TROUGH TRANSVERSE WAVE COMPRESSION RAREFACTION LONGITUDINAL WAVE Wave speed and frequency The speed at which
More informationDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE of TECHNOLOGY Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6.161/6637 Practice Quiz 2 Issued X:XXpm 4/XX/2004 Spring Term, 2004 Due X:XX+1:30pm 4/XX/2004 Please utilize
More informationLecture Notes Intro: Sound Waves:
Lecture Notes (Propertie es & Detection Off Sound Waves) Intro: - sound is very important in our lives today and has been throughout our history; we not only derive useful informationn from sound, but
More informationChapter 7. Waves and Sound
Chapter 7 Waves and Sound What is wave? A wave is a disturbance that propagates from one place to another. Or simply, it carries energy from place to place. The easiest type of wave to visualize is a transverse
More informationthe mechanical wave model can be used to explain phenomena related to reflection and refraction, including echoes and seismic phenomena.
WAVES 5 Syllabus Checklist SCIENCE UNDERSTANDING WAVES waves are periodic oscillations that transfer energy from one point to another. mechanical waves transfer energy through a medium; longitudinal and
More informationUltrasonic Level Detection Technology. ultra-wave
Ultrasonic Level Detection Technology ultra-wave 1 Definitions Sound - The propagation of pressure waves through air or other media Medium - A material through which sound can travel Vacuum - The absence
More informationEMBEDDED DOPPLER ULTRASOUND SIGNAL PROCESSING USING FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS
EMBEDDED DOPPLER ULTRASOUND SIGNAL PROCESSING USING FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS Diaa ElRahman Mahmoud, Abou-Bakr M. Youssef and Yasser M. Kadah Biomedical Engineering Department, Cairo University, Giza,
More informationdescribe sound as the transmission of energy via longitudinal pressure waves;
1 Sound-Detailed Study Study Design 2009 2012 Unit 4 Detailed Study: Sound describe sound as the transmission of energy via longitudinal pressure waves; analyse sound using wavelength, frequency and speed
More informationDoppler Ultrasound. Amanda Watson.
Doppler Ultrasound Amanda Watson amanda.watson1@nhs.net Before we start Why does blood appear black on a B-mode image? B-mode echoes vs. Doppler echoes In B-Mode we are concerned with the position and
More informationChapter 17 Waves in Two and Three Dimensions
Chapter 17 Waves in Two and Three Dimensions Slide 17-1 Chapter 17: Waves in Two and Three Dimensions Concepts Slide 17-2 Section 17.1: Wavefronts The figure shows cutaway views of a periodic surface wave
More informationUNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND EXTERNAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND EXTERNAL STUDIES COURSE TITLE: BED (SCIENCE) UNIT TITLE: WAVES AND OPTICS UNIT CODE: SPH 103 UNIT AUTHOR: PROF. R.O. GENGA DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS UNIVERSITY
More informationPrinciples of Ultrasound Imaging Image Optimization
Principles of Ultrasound Imaging Image Optimization Robert A. Levine, MD, FACE, ECNU Thyroid Center of New Hampshire Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College Disclosures: No relevant financial or
More informationREAL-TIME B-SCAN ULTRASONIC IMAGING USING A DIGITAL PHASED. Robert Dunki-Jacobs and Lewis Thomas General Electric Company Schenectady, New York, 12301
REAL-TIME B-SCAN ULTRASONIC IMAGING USING A DIGITAL PHASED ARRAY SYSTEM FOR NDE Robert Dunki-Jacobs and Lewis Thomas General Electric Company Schenectady, New York, 12301 INTRODUCTION Phased array systems
More informationThe Lightwave Model 142 CW Visible Ring Laser, Beam Splitter, Model ATM- 80A1 Acousto-Optic Modulator, and Fiber Optic Cable Coupler Optics Project
The Lightwave Model 142 CW Visible Ring Laser, Beam Splitter, Model ATM- 80A1 Acousto-Optic Modulator, and Fiber Optic Cable Coupler Optics Project Stephen W. Jordan Seth Merritt Optics Project PH 464
More informationAN ULTRASOUND MODELING TOOL FOR CONTRAST AGENT IMAGING. Kangqiao Zhao, 2010, May
AN ULTRASOUND MODELING TOOL FOR CONTRAST AGENT IMAGING -- Introduction ti to BubbleSim Kangqiao Zhao, 2010, May OUTLINE Introduction to Contrast Agent Imaging Applications Detection ti techniques Mechanical
More informationCh 26: Sound Review 2 Short Answers 1. What is the source of all sound?
Ch 26: Sound Review 2 Short Answers 1. What is the source of all sound? 2. How does a sound wave travel through air? 3. What media transmit sound? 4. What determines the speed of sound in a medium? 5.
More informationECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 6: Fading
ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS 513 - Wireless Communication Systems Winter 2005 Lecture 6: Fading Last lecture: Large scale propagation properties of wireless systems - slowly varying properties that depend primarily
More information(i) Determine the admittance parameters of the network of Fig 1 (f) and draw its - equivalent circuit.
I.E.S-(Conv.)-1995 ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING PAPER - I Some useful data: Electron charge: 1.6 10 19 Coulomb Free space permeability: 4 10 7 H/m Free space permittivity: 8.85 pf/m Velocity
More informationECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 6: Fading
ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS 513 - Wireless Communication Systems Winter 2004 Lecture 6: Fading Last lecture: Large scale propagation properties of wireless systems - slowly varying properties that depend primarily
More informationEENG473 Mobile Communications Module 3 : Week # (12) Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Path Loss
EENG473 Mobile Communications Module 3 : Week # (12) Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Path Loss Introduction Small-scale fading is used to describe the rapid fluctuation of the amplitude of a radio
More informationSound, acoustics Slides based on: Rossing, The science of sound, 1990.
Sound, acoustics Slides based on: Rossing, The science of sound, 1990. Acoustics 1 1 Introduction Acoustics 2! The word acoustics refers to the science of sound and is a subcategory of physics! Room acoustics
More informationOPTICS DIVISION B. School/#: Names:
OPTICS DIVISION B School/#: Names: Directions: Fill in your response for each question in the space provided. All questions are worth two points. Multiple Choice (2 points each question) 1. Which of the
More informationWaves and Sound Practice Test 43 points total Free- response part: [27 points]
Name Waves and Sound Practice Test 43 points total Free- response part: [27 points] 1. To demonstrate standing waves, one end of a string is attached to a tuning fork with frequency 120 Hz. The other end
More informationSound. sound waves - compressional waves formed from vibrating objects colliding with air molecules.
Sound sound waves - compressional waves formed from vibrating objects colliding with air molecules. *Remember, compressional (longitudinal) waves are made of two regions, compressions and rarefactions.
More information27/11/2013' OCEANOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS. Acoustic Current Meters
egm502 seafloor mapping lecture 17 water column applications OCEANOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS Acoustic Current Meters An acoustic current meter is a set of transducers fixed in a frame. Acoustic current meters
More informationPass Ultrasound Physics Exam
Pass Ultrasound Physics Exam Match the Answers By Mansoor Khan MBBS, RDMS, RDCS 1 Copyright 2014 Blue Cube Venture, LLC All rights reserved. The Pass Ultrasound Physics Exam Match the Answers is protected
More informationSection 5.2 Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions
Section 5.2 Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions We know from previously studying the periodicity of the trigonometric functions that the sine and cosine functions repeat themselves after 2 radians.
More informationQues on (2): [18 Marks] a) Draw the atrial synchronous Pacemaker block diagram and explain its operation. Benha University June 2013
Benha University June 2013 Benha Faculty of Engineering Electrical Department Hospital Instrumentations (E472) 4 Th year (control) Dr.Waleed Abdel Aziz Salem Time: 3 Hrs Answer the following questions.
More informationUltrasound Physics and Instrumentation, 5e Chapter 7: Level 1 Quiz Answers. 1) Which of the following is stated in the introduction of the chapter?
Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation, 5e Chapter 7: Level 1 Quiz Answers 1) Which of the following is stated in the introduction of the chapter? a) Because of the importance of Doppler, this chapter
More informationECE 678 Radar Engineering Fall 2018
ECE 678 Radar Engineering Fall 2018 Prof. Mark R. Bell Purdue University RAdio Detection And Ranging RADAR It has become so commonplace that the acronym RADAR has evolved into a common noun: radar. A
More informationArtifacts. Artifacts. Causes. Imaging assumptions. Common terms used to describe US images. Common terms used to describe US images
Artifacts Artifacts Chapter 20 What are they? Simply put they are an error in imaging These artifacts include reflections that are: not real incorrect shape, size or position incorrect brightness displayed
More informationMulti-Element Synthetic Transmit Aperture Method in Medical Ultrasound Imaging Ihor Trots, Yuriy Tasinkevych, Andrzej Nowicki and Marcin Lewandowski
Multi-Element Synthetic Transmit Aperture Method in Medical Ultrasound Imaging Ihor Trots, Yuriy Tasinkevych, Andrzej Nowicki and Marcin Lewandowski Abstract The paper presents the multi-element synthetic
More informationP6 Quick Revision Questions
P6 Quick Revision Questions H = Higher tier only SS = Separate science only Question 1... of 50 Define wavelength Answer 1... of 50 The distance from a point on one wave to the equivalent point on the
More informationWaves transfer energy NOT matter Two categories of waves Mechanical Waves require a medium (matter) to transfer wave energy Electromagnetic waves no
1 Waves transfer energy NOT matter Two categories of waves Mechanical Waves require a medium (matter) to transfer wave energy Electromagnetic waves no medium required to transfer wave energy 2 Mechanical
More informationRadar Reprinted from "Waves in Motion", McGourty and Rideout, RET 2005
Radar Reprinted from "Waves in Motion", McGourty and Rideout, RET 2005 What is Radar? RADAR (Radio Detection And Ranging) is a way to detect and study far off targets by transmitting a radio pulse in the
More informationA mechanical wave is a disturbance which propagates through a medium with little or no net displacement of the particles of the medium.
Waves and Sound Mechanical Wave A mechanical wave is a disturbance which propagates through a medium with little or no net displacement of the particles of the medium. Water Waves Wave Pulse People Wave
More information