Analysis of Dielectric Properties On Agricultural Waste for Microwave Communication Application

Transcription

1 MATEC Web of Confeences 140, (2017) Analysis of Dielectic Popeties On Agicultual Waste fo Micowave Communication Application Nuul Ain Zulkifli 1*, Fwen Hoon Wee 1, Nofadila Mahom 1, Been Seok Yew 1, Yeng Seng Lee 1, Siti Zuaidah Ibahim 1, Anusha Leemsuthep Am Phan 1. 1 Bioelectomagnetic (BioEM), School of Compute and Communication Engineeing, Univesiti Malaysia Pelis, Aau, Pelis, Malaysia. Abstact. This pape pesents the analysis of dielectic popeties of agicultual waste fo micowave communication application such as micowave absobe and antenna. The esidues poducts ice staw, ice husk, banana leaves and suga cane bagasse wee studied in the ange between 1-20GHz. Fistly, the 2 types of esins namely Epoxy de 331 and Polyamine clea hadene wee mixed with the agicultual waste mateials to poduce the small size of agicultual waste sample. Then, the sample wee measued using PNA netwok analyze. The pemittivity and tangent loss of diffeent agicultual waste samples have been measued using dielectic pobe technique. Besides, othe objectives of this pape is to eplace the conventional pinted cicuit boad (PCB) using FR4, Taconic, and Roge mateial with the agicultual waste mateial. Besides that, the diffeent pecentage of file fo each agicultual waste mateials wee also investigated to specify the best mateial to be used as the substate boad and as the esonant mateial. the esult shows the aveage of dielectic constants and the aveage of the tangent loss of agicultual waste mateials. 1 Intoduction Dielectic popeties measuement of agicultual waste mateials is the main facto in defining the chemical-physical popeties chaacteization associated to stoe and loss of enegy [1]. Equation (1) shows the fomula fo pemittivity (dielectic constant). K ' j" (1) Pemittivity is known as dielectic constant of a mateial. the dielectic constant K is equal to the elative pemittivity. Relative pemittivity of a mateial efes to the ' as the eal pat of dielectic constant and j " known as the imaginay pat of pemittivity. The enegy stoage capability in a mateial is known as ' while " is familia with the loss facto of a mateial [1 4]. Loss tangent measuement is anothe paamete used in detemine the dielectic popeties of a mateial. The fomula of loss tangent is shown in equation (2) below. The elative loss of a mateial is the atio of the enegy lost " to the enegy stoed ' [5 7]. " tan (2) ' Agicultual wastes ae made up of oganic compounds fom living plants. Sugacane bagasse [6, 8], ice husk [7], ice staw, and banana leaves [5], [9 11] ae the esidues poducts used in this wok. These mateials have potential to be used as an altenative mateial fo micowave communication applications like antenna and micowave absobe. The high eading of dielectic constant of a mateial ae suitable fo antenna application while the high eading of loss tangent is suitable fo micowave absobe used in anechoic chambe. Agicultual waste mateial can be used as an altenative fo micowave absobe application, antenna application, and fo eplacement the conventional pinted cicuit boad (PCB). Table 1 shows the pecentage chemical elements of Agicultual waste mateials. Fom the table, it shows that ice husk [12], banana leaves [13] and sugacane bagasse [14] ae suitable fo micowave absobe application due to the high amount of cabon content. Oxygen content of sugacane bagasse shows the highest eading among the othe agicultual waste. This is the eason why the sugacane bagasse is lighte in weight compaed to othes. Silica amount in agicultual waste mateial helps to educe the loss tangent of a mateial. Low loss tangent of a mateial is suitable fo antenna application. * Coesponding autho: nuulainzulkifli1993@gmail.com The Authos, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access aticle distibuted unde the tems of the Ceative Commons Attibution License 4.0 (

2 MATEC Web of Confeences 140, (2017) Table 1. Pecentage chemical elements of agicultual waste mateial Elements Rice Husk Pecentage Elements Leaves Sugacane Bagasse Figue 1 shows the steps fo this pojects. Fistly, the aw mateial fo this poject is collected. The agicultual waste that has been chosen ae ice husk, ice staw, suga cane bagasse and banana leaves. Rice husk and ice staw ae collected fom Kilang Beas BERNAS, Kuala Pelis, Pelis. Cabon 35.77% 43.5% 17.89% Hydogen 5.06% 6.28% - Nitogen 0.32% 1.31% - Sulphu 0.02% 0.36% 0.07% Oxygen 41.3% 75.6% Silicon 22.24% - - dioxide Aluminium % (a) Silica % Phosphous % Potassium % Calcium % Ion % (b) 2 Method Used This poject is classified into 5 phases consisting collecting, ginding, mixing, sampling and analysing. Collect agicultual waste (c) Gind agicultual waste by using ginde Mix the mateial with esin and hadene agent (d) Make squae shape sample fo dielectic popeties measuement Fig. 2. Raw mateial of agicultual waste. a) ice husk. b) ice staw. c) sugacane bagasse. d) died banana leaves Measue dielectic popeties of the sample using dielectic pobe then analyse the esults Then, all the aw mateials as shown in figue 2 have to gind by using ginde to get small paticles. This is to make sue that all the mateials can easily stick togethe with the chemical used. Figue 3 shows the image of ginde. Fig. 1. steps of developing the sample of agicultual waste. 2

3 MATEC Web of Confeences 140, (2017) The analysis of dielectic popeties will be take place afte two days of moulding the mixtue. This is to ensue that it is moulded fimly befoe poceeding to any pocesses. Figue 6 shows the sample of each agicultual waste mateial afte taken out fom the squae mould. Fig. 3. Image of ginde Afte that, all the mateials wee mixed togethe with the esin namely Epoxy De 331. Resin is usually used as a glue fo bonding the mateials. Then to make the sample become solid, Polyamine Clea Hadene is added into the mixtue. Five diffeent sample of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of fille fo each mateials is needed fo this poject. The mixtue is equied to be stied evenly fo moe than 5 minutes to avoid ai gap. Figue 4 shows the mixtue is being stied by using wood skewe stick. Next, figue 5 shows the mixtue is then put in a ectangula mould to get the desied shape. Then, it will be left fo two o thee days in oom tempeatue to ensue the mixtue become hadened. (a) (b) (c) (d) Fig. 6. Sample of (a) ice staw. (b) ice husk. (c) sugacane bagasse. (d) banana leaves. Fig. 4. Mixtue is stied using stick Figue 7 shows the Agilent dielectic pobe technique that is used to analyse the dielectic popeties of the mateial. This technique used Agilent Technologies measuement softwae. Befoe measuing the dielectic popeties fo each mateial, calibation is needed to avoid the eo occued duing the measuement. Figue 8 shows the calibation tools fo dielectic pobe. Fig. 5. Rectangula mould Fig. 7. Dielectic pobe technique 3

4 MATEC Web of Confeences 140, (2017) Fig. 8. Calibation tools 3 Results and Discussion Table 2 shows the compaison of dielectic constant between vaious pecentage of ice husk, ice staw, sugacane bagasse and banana leaves. The eading of dielectic popeties is taken by using dielectic pobe measuement technique[6]. In addition, table 3 shows the esults of loss tangent with pecentage 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% fo fou diffeent agicultual waste. The oveall esults indicate that the highe the pecentage of fille, the highe eading of dielectic constant and loss tangent. Fom the table 2 and 3, it shows that banana leaves ae the best in tem of the esults of dielectic popeties compaed with othe thee agicultual waste sample. The esults of dielectic constant and loss tangent show the unstable eading fo ice husk, ice staw, and sugacane bagasse. Fom the esults in table 2, it shows that banana leaves with 50% of fille has the highest eading of dielectic constant. Hence, this esult is suitable fo antenna application. Futhemoe, the oveall analysis with 10% of fille fo diffeent agicultual waste mateial shows the eading of loss tangent is less than 0.1. This esults ae acceptable fo antenna application due to the low loss tangent and high eading of dielectic constant. The geneal eading of 40% of fille fo loss tangent fo diffeent agicultual waste is high compaed with othe pecentage. Since the eading of loss tangent is high, so that the sample of diffeent agicultual waste sample fo 40% of fille has potential to be used as an altenative mateial fo micowave absobe application. Micowave absobe application is used in Radio Fequency (RF) anechoic chambe. Table 3. Aveage loss tangent of diffeent mateial with diffeent pecentage of fille. Agicultual waste Loss tangent with diffeent pecentage of fille 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Rice husk Rice staw Table 2. Aveage dielectic constant of diffeent mateial with diffeent pecentage of fille. Sugacane bagasse Agicultual waste Dielectic constant with diffeent pecentage of fille leaves % 20% 30% 40% 50% Rice husk Rice staw Sugacane bagasse leaves Conclusion The investigation showed that diffeent pecentage of fille will give the diffeent dielectic constant and diffeent tangent loss pefomance. The vaiety type of agicultual waste mateial also bings it to diffeent dielectic popeties pefomance. Besides that, the high eading of dielectic constant is suitable fo antenna application while the high eading of loss tangent is acceptable fo micowave absobe application. The cost of the micowave absobe and othe micowave communication application can be educed by using agicultual waste as the main mateials. This agicultual waste mateial is cheape compaed to the conventional mateials. The existing mateials fo high fequency is expensive and not guaantee its pefomance and effectiveness. Lastly, the main mateial 4

5 MATEC Web of Confeences 140, (2017) fo the commecial antenna and absobes ae not envionmental fiendly due to the usage of 100% base chemical mateials. Theefoe, the usage of agicultual waste mateial is intoduced to eplace the conventional mateial to avoid the use of hamful chemicals and at the same time suppot the campaign of geen technology. 5 Acknowledgement The autho would like to thank the Ministy of Highe Education of Malaysia (MOHE) fo the financial suppot fo this eseach wok in tems of FRGS gant of Refeences [1] F. H. Wee, P. J. Soh, a. H. M. Suhaizal, H. Nonikman, and A. a. M. Ezanuddin, Micow. Optoelecton. Conf. (IMOC), 2009 SBMO/IEEE MTT-S Int., no. I, pp , [2] A. Kundu and B. Gupta, Int. Conf. Contol. Instumentation, Enegy Commun. CIEC 2014, no. 1980, pp , [3] O. V Teeshchenko, F. J. K. Buesink, and F. B. J. Lefeink, pp. 1 4, [4] W. F. Hoon, S. P. Jack, M. F. A. Malek, and N. Hassan, Sci. Technol. Med. open access Publ., no. Mach 2017, pp , [5] R. Kau, G. D. Aul, and V. Chawla, Pog. Electomagn. Res. M, vol. 43, no. July, pp , [6] Z. Liyana et al., IEEE Symp. Wiel. Technol. Appl. ISWTA, pp , [7] H. Nonikman, P.. Soh, a a H. Azemi, F. H. Wee, and M. F. Malek, Pies Online, vol. 5, pp , [8] K. Ho, no. Decembe, pp. 1 13, [9] Z. S. Fahany et al., IEEE Symp. Wiel. Technol. Appl. ISWTA, pp , [10] V. D. Kappel, L. H. Cazaolli, D. F. Peeia, F. H. Reginatto, and F. R. M. B. Silva, Rev. Bas. Famacogn. - BazilianJounal Phamacogn., vol. 23, no. 4, pp , [11] E. R. K. Fenandes, C. Maangoni, S. H. W. Medeios, O. Souza, N. Sellin, and Z. Industial, 3d Int. Conf. Ind. Hazad. waste Manag., pp. 1 8, [12] H. Nonikman, F. Malek, P. J. Soh, A. A. H. Azemi, F. H. Wee, and A. Hasnain, Pog. Electomagn. Res., vol. 104, pp , [13] J. Y. Tock, C. L. Lai, K. T. Lee, K. T. Tan, and S. Bhatia, vol. 14, pp , [14] P. B. Devnaain, D. R. Anold, and S. B. Davis, Cong. South Afican Suga Technol. Assoc., pp ,